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Changes between Version 2 and Version 3 of TracCgi


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Timestamp:
Jun 2, 2023 10:32:55 AM (18 months ago)
Author:
trac
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  • TracCgi

    v2 v3  
    1 = Installing Trac as CGI =
     1= Installing Trac as CGI
     2[[TracGuideToc]]
     3[[PageOutline]]
    24
    3 {{{
    4 #!div class=important
    5   ''Please note that using Trac via CGI is the slowest deployment method available. It is slower than [TracModPython mod_python], [TracFastCgi FastCGI] and even [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp IIS/AJP] on Windows.''
     5{{{#!div class=important
     6 ''Please note that using Trac via CGI is the slowest deployment method available. It is slower than [wiki:TracModWSGI mod_wsgi], [TracModPython mod_python], [TracFastCgi FastCGI] and even [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp IIS/AJP] on Windows.''
    67}}}
    78
    8 CGI script is the entrypoint that web-server calls when a web-request to an application is made. To generate the `trac.cgi` script run:
    9 {{{
    10 trac-admin /path/to/env deploy /path/to/www/trac
    11 }}}
    12 `trac.cgi` will be in the `cgi-bin` folder inside the given path. Make sure it is executable by your web server. This command also copies `static resource` files to a `htdocs` directory of a given destination.
     9CGI script is the entrypoint that web-server calls when a web-request to an application is made. The `trac.cgi` script can be created using the `trac-admin <env> deploy <dir>` command which automatically substitutes the required paths, see TracInstall#cgi-bin. Make sure the script is executable by your web server.
    1310
    14 == Apache web-server configuration ==
     11== Apache web-server configuration
    1512
    16 In [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] there are two ways to run Trac as CGI:
     13In [https://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] there are two ways to run Trac as CGI:
    1714
    18  1. Use a `ScriptAlias` directive that maps an URL to the `trac.cgi` script (recommended)
    19  2. Copy the `trac.cgi` file into the directory for CGI executables used by your web server (commonly named `cgi-bin`). You can also create a symbolic link, but in that case make sure that the `FollowSymLinks` option is enabled for the `cgi-bin` directory.
     15 1. Use a `ScriptAlias` directive that maps a URL to the `trac.cgi` script (recommended)
     16 1. Copy the `trac.cgi` file into the directory for CGI executables used by your web server (commonly named `cgi-bin`). You can also create a symbolic link, but in that case make sure that the `FollowSymLinks` option is enabled for the `cgi-bin` directory.
    2017
    2118To make Trac available at `http://yourhost.example.org/trac` add `ScriptAlias` directive to Apache configuration file, changing `trac.cgi` path to match your installation:
    22 {{{
     19{{{#!apache
    2320ScriptAlias /trac /path/to/www/trac/cgi-bin/trac.cgi
    2421}}}
    2522
    26  ''Note that this directive requires enabled `mod_alias` module.''
     23 ''Note that this directive requires that the `mod_alias` module is enabled.''
    2724
    2825If you're using Trac with a single project you need to set its location using the `TRAC_ENV` environment variable:
    29 {{{
     26{{{#!apache
    3027<Location "/trac">
    3128  SetEnv TRAC_ENV "/path/to/projectenv"
    … …  
    3431
    3532Or to use multiple projects you can specify their common parent directory using the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` variable:
    36 {{{
     33{{{#!apache
    3734<Location "/trac">
    3835  SetEnv TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR "/path/to/project/parent/dir"
    … …  
    4037}}}
    4138
    42  ''Note that the `SetEnv` directive requires enabled `mod_env` module. It is also possible to set TRAC_ENV in trac.cgi. Just add the following code between "try:" and "from trac.web ...":''
     39  ''Note that the `SetEnv` directive requires that the `mod_env` module is enabled.''
    4340
    44 {{{
    45     import os
     41An alternative to `SetEnv` is editing `TRAC_ENV` or `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` in `trac.cgi`:
     42
     43{{{#!python
    4644    os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = "/path/to/projectenv"
    4745}}}
    4846
    49  '' Or for TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR: ''
    50 
    51 {{{
    52     import os
    53     os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/project/parent/dir"
     47{{{#!python
     48    os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/parent/dir"
    5449}}}
    5550
    56 If you are using the [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache suEXEC] feature please see [http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/ApacheSuexec].
     51If you are using the [https://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache suEXEC] feature please see [trac:ApacheSuexec].
    5752
    58 On some systems, you ''may'' need to edit the shebang line in the `trac.cgi` file to point to your real Python installation path. On a Windows system you may need to configure Windows to know how to execute a .cgi file (Explorer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> File Types -> CGI).
     53On some systems, you ''may'' need to edit the shebang line in the `trac.cgi` file to point to your real Python installation path. On a Windows system you may need to configure Windows to know how to execute a `.cgi` file (Explorer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> File Types -> CGI).
    5954
    60 == Mapping Static Resources ==
     55=== Python Egg Cache
    6156
    62 Out of the box, Trac will pass static resources such as style sheets or images through itself. For a CGI setup this is '''highly undesirable''', because this way CGI script is invoked for documents that could be much more efficiently served directly by web server.
    63 
    64 Web servers such as [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] allow you to create “Aliases” to resources, giving them a virtual URL that doesn't necessarily reflect the layout of the servers file system. We already used this capability by defining a `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script. We also can map requests for static resources directly to the directory on the file system, avoiding processing these requests by CGI script.
    65 
    66 There are two primary URL paths for static resources - `/chrome/common` and `/chrome/site`. Plugins can add their own resources usually accessible by `/chrome/plugin` path, so its important to override only known paths and not try to make universal `/chrome` alias for everything.
    67 
    68 Add the following snippet to Apache configuration '''before''' the `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script, changing paths to match your deployment:
    69 {{{
    70 Alias /trac/chrome/common /path/to/trac/htdocs/common
    71 Alias /trac/chrome/site /path/to/trac/htdocs/site
    72 <Directory "/path/to/www/trac/htdocs">
    73   Order allow,deny
    74   Allow from all
    75 </Directory>
     57The [TracInstall#egg-cache egg-cache] can be configured using an `os.environ` statement in `trac.cgi`, as shown above.
     58To do the same from the Apache configuration, use the `SetEnv` directive:
     59{{{#!apache
     60SetEnv PYTHON_EGG_CACHE /path/to/dir
    7661}}}
    7762
    78 If using mod_python, you might want to add this too (otherwise, the alias will be ignored):
    79 {{{
    80 <Location "/trac/chrome/common/">
    81   SetHandler None
    82 </Location>
     63Put this directive next to where you set the path to the [TracEnvironment Trac environment], i.e. in the same `<Location>` block.
     64
     65{{{#!apache
     66 <Location /trac>
     67   SetEnv TRAC_ENV /path/to/projenv
     68   SetEnv PYTHON_EGG_CACHE /path/to/dir
     69 </Location>
    8370}}}
    8471
    85 Note that we mapped `/trac` part of the URL to the `trac.cgi` script, and the path `/chrome/common` is the path you have to append to that location to intercept requests to the static resources.
    86 
    87 For example, if Trac is mapped to `/cgi-bin/trac.cgi` on your server, the URL of the Alias should be `/cgi-bin/trac.cgi/chrome/common`.
    88 
    89 Similarly, if you have static resources in a project's htdocs directory (which is referenced by /chrome/site URL in themes), you can configure Apache to serve those resources (again, put this '''before''' the `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script, and adjust names and locations to match your installation):
    90 
    91 {{{
    92 Alias /trac/chrome/site /path/to/projectenv/htdocs
    93 <Directory "/path/to/projectenv/htdocs">
    94   Order allow,deny
    95   Allow from all
    96 </Directory>
    97 }}}
    98 
    99 Alternatively to hacking `/trac/chrome/site`, you can directly specify path to static resources using `htdocs_location` configuration option in [wiki:TracIni trac.ini]:
    100 {{{
    101 [trac]
    102 htdocs_location = http://yourhost.example.org/trac-htdocs
    103 }}}
    104 
    105 Trac will then use this URL when embedding static resources into HTML pages. Of course, you still need to make the Trac `htdocs` directory available through the web server at the specified URL, for example by copying (or linking) the directory into the document root of the web server:
    106 {{{
    107 $ ln -s /path/to/www/trac/htdocs /var/www/yourhost.example.org/trac-htdocs
    108 }}}
    109 
    110 Note that in order to get this `htdocs` directory, you need first to extract the relevant Trac resources using the `deploy` command of TracAdmin:
    111 [[TracAdminHelp(deploy)]]
    11272
    11373
    114 == Adding Authentication ==
     74=== Using WSGI
    11575
    116 The simplest way to enable authentication with Apache is to create a password file. Use the `htpasswd` program to create the password file:
    117 {{{
    118 $ htpasswd -c /somewhere/trac.htpasswd admin
    119 New password: <type password>
    120 Re-type new password: <type password again>
    121 Adding password for user admin
    122 }}}
     76You can run a [http://henry.precheur.org/python/how_to_serve_cgi WSGI handler] [https://thejimmyg.github.io/pythonweb/projects/webmodules/doc/0.5.3/html_multipage/lib/example-webserver-web-wsgi-simple-cgi.html under CGI].  You can [wiki:TracModWSGI#Thetrac.wsgiscript write your own application function], or use the deployed trac.wsgi's application.
    12377
    124 After the first user, you dont need the "-c" option anymore:
    125 {{{
    126 $ htpasswd /somewhere/trac.htpasswd john
    127 New password: <type password>
    128 Re-type new password: <type password again>
    129 Adding password for user john
    130 }}}
     78== Mapping Static Resources
    13179
    132   ''See the man page for `htpasswd` for full documentation.''
     80See TracInstall#MappingStaticResources.
    13381
    134 After you've created the users, you can set their permissions using TracPermissions.
     82== Adding Authentication
    13583
    136 Now, you'll need to enable authentication against the password file in the Apache configuration:
    137 {{{
    138 <Location "/trac/login">
    139   AuthType Basic
    140   AuthName "Trac"
    141   AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd
    142   Require valid-user
    143 </Location>
    144 }}}
    145 
    146 If you're hosting multiple projects you can use the same password file for all of them:
    147 {{{
    148 <LocationMatch "/trac/[^/]+/login">
    149   AuthType Basic
    150   AuthName "Trac"
    151   AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd
    152   Require valid-user
    153 </LocationMatch>
    154 }}}
    155 
    156 For better security, it is recommended that you either enable SSL or at least use the “digest” authentication scheme instead of “Basic”. Please read the [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ Apache HTTPD documentation] to find out more. For example, on a Debian 4.0r1 (etch) system the relevant section  in apache configuration can look like this:
    157 {{{
    158 <Location "/trac/login">
    159     LoadModule auth_digest_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_auth_digest.so
    160     AuthType Digest
    161     AuthName "trac"
    162     AuthDigestDomain /trac
    163     AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd
    164     Require valid-user
    165 </Location>
    166 }}}
    167 and you'll have to create your .htpasswd file with htdigest instead of htpasswd as follows:
    168 {{{
    169 # htdigest /somewhere/trac.htpasswd trac admin
    170 }}}
    171 where the "trac" parameter above is the same as !AuthName above  ("Realm" in apache-docs).
     84See TracInstall#ConfiguringAuthentication.
    17285
    17386----
    174 See also:  TracGuide, TracInstall, [wiki:TracModWSGI], TracFastCgi, TracModPython
     87See also:  TracInstall, [wiki:TracModWSGI], TracFastCgi, TracModPython

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