| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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| 3 | <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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| 4 | <head>
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| 5 | <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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| 6 | <meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
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| 7 | <title>TestBoxImaging.txt</title>
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| 8 | <style type="text/css">
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| 9 |
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| 10 | /*
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| 11 | :Author: David Goodger (goodger@python.org)
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| 12 | :Id: $Id: TestBoxImaging.html 106065 2024-09-16 21:42:41Z vboxsync $
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| 13 | :Copyright: This stylesheet has been placed in the public domain.
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| 14 |
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| 15 | Default cascading style sheet for the HTML output of Docutils.
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| 16 |
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| 17 | See https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/howto/html-stylesheets.html for how to
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| 18 | customize this style sheet.
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| 19 | */
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| 20 |
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| 21 | /* used to remove borders from tables and images */
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| 22 | .borderless, table.borderless td, table.borderless th {
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| 23 | border: 0 }
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| 24 |
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| 25 | table.borderless td, table.borderless th {
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| 26 | /* Override padding for "table.docutils td" with "! important".
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| 27 | The right padding separates the table cells. */
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| 28 | padding: 0 0.5em 0 0 ! important }
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| 29 |
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| 30 | .first {
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| 31 | /* Override more specific margin styles with "! important". */
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| 32 | margin-top: 0 ! important }
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| 33 |
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| 34 | .last, .with-subtitle {
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| 35 | margin-bottom: 0 ! important }
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| 36 |
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| 37 | .hidden {
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| 38 | display: none }
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| 39 |
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| 40 | .subscript {
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| 41 | vertical-align: sub;
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| 42 | font-size: smaller }
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| 43 |
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| 44 | .superscript {
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| 45 | vertical-align: super;
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| 46 | font-size: smaller }
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| 47 |
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| 48 | a.toc-backref {
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| 49 | text-decoration: none ;
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| 50 | color: black }
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| 51 |
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| 52 | blockquote.epigraph {
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| 53 | margin: 2em 5em ; }
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| 54 |
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| 55 | dl.docutils dd {
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| 56 | margin-bottom: 0.5em }
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| 57 |
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| 58 | object[type="image/svg+xml"], object[type="application/x-shockwave-flash"] {
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| 59 | overflow: hidden;
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| 60 | }
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| 61 |
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| 62 | /* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get bold-faced definition list terms
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| 63 | dl.docutils dt {
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| 64 | font-weight: bold }
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| 65 | */
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| 66 |
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| 67 | div.abstract {
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| 68 | margin: 2em 5em }
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| 69 |
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| 70 | div.abstract p.topic-title {
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| 71 | font-weight: bold ;
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| 72 | text-align: center }
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| 73 |
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| 74 | div.admonition, div.attention, div.caution, div.danger, div.error,
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| 75 | div.hint, div.important, div.note, div.tip, div.warning {
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| 76 | margin: 2em ;
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| 77 | border: medium outset ;
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| 78 | padding: 1em }
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| 79 |
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| 80 | div.admonition p.admonition-title, div.hint p.admonition-title,
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| 81 | div.important p.admonition-title, div.note p.admonition-title,
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| 82 | div.tip p.admonition-title {
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| 83 | font-weight: bold ;
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| 84 | font-family: sans-serif }
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| 85 |
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| 86 | div.attention p.admonition-title, div.caution p.admonition-title,
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| 87 | div.danger p.admonition-title, div.error p.admonition-title,
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| 88 | div.warning p.admonition-title, .code .error {
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| 89 | color: red ;
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| 90 | font-weight: bold ;
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| 91 | font-family: sans-serif }
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| 92 |
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| 93 | /* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get reduced vertical space in
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| 94 | compound paragraphs.
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| 95 | div.compound .compound-first, div.compound .compound-middle {
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| 96 | margin-bottom: 0.5em }
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| 97 |
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| 98 | div.compound .compound-last, div.compound .compound-middle {
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| 99 | margin-top: 0.5em }
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| 100 | */
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| 101 |
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| 102 | div.dedication {
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| 103 | margin: 2em 5em ;
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| 104 | text-align: center ;
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| 105 | font-style: italic }
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| 106 |
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| 107 | div.dedication p.topic-title {
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| 108 | font-weight: bold ;
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| 109 | font-style: normal }
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| 110 |
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| 111 | div.figure {
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| 112 | margin-left: 2em ;
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| 113 | margin-right: 2em }
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| 114 |
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| 115 | div.footer, div.header {
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| 116 | clear: both;
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| 117 | font-size: smaller }
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| 118 |
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| 119 | div.line-block {
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| 120 | display: block ;
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| 121 | margin-top: 1em ;
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| 122 | margin-bottom: 1em }
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| 123 |
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| 124 | div.line-block div.line-block {
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| 125 | margin-top: 0 ;
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| 126 | margin-bottom: 0 ;
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| 127 | margin-left: 1.5em }
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| 128 |
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| 129 | div.sidebar {
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| 130 | margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em ;
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| 131 | border: medium outset ;
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| 132 | padding: 1em ;
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| 133 | background-color: #ffffee ;
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| 134 | width: 40% ;
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| 135 | float: right ;
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| 136 | clear: right }
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| 137 |
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| 138 | div.sidebar p.rubric {
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| 139 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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| 140 | font-size: medium }
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| 141 |
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| 142 | div.system-messages {
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| 143 | margin: 5em }
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| 144 |
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| 145 | div.system-messages h1 {
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| 146 | color: red }
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| 147 |
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| 148 | div.system-message {
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| 149 | border: medium outset ;
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| 150 | padding: 1em }
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| 151 |
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| 152 | div.system-message p.system-message-title {
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| 153 | color: red ;
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| 154 | font-weight: bold }
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| 155 |
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| 156 | div.topic {
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| 157 | margin: 2em }
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| 158 |
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| 159 | h1.section-subtitle, h2.section-subtitle, h3.section-subtitle,
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| 160 | h4.section-subtitle, h5.section-subtitle, h6.section-subtitle {
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| 161 | margin-top: 0.4em }
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| 162 |
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| 163 | h1.title {
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| 164 | text-align: center }
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| 165 |
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| 166 | h2.subtitle {
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| 167 | text-align: center }
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| 168 |
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| 169 | hr.docutils {
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| 170 | width: 75% }
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| 171 |
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| 172 | img.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left, table.align-left {
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| 173 | clear: left ;
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| 174 | float: left ;
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| 175 | margin-right: 1em }
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| 176 |
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| 177 | img.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right, table.align-right {
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| 178 | clear: right ;
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| 179 | float: right ;
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| 180 | margin-left: 1em }
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| 181 |
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| 182 | img.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center {
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| 183 | display: block;
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| 184 | margin-left: auto;
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| 185 | margin-right: auto;
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| 186 | }
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| 187 |
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| 188 | table.align-center {
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| 189 | margin-left: auto;
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| 190 | margin-right: auto;
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| 191 | }
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| 192 |
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| 193 | .align-left {
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| 194 | text-align: left }
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| 195 |
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| 196 | .align-center {
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| 197 | clear: both ;
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| 198 | text-align: center }
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| 199 |
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| 200 | .align-right {
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| 201 | text-align: right }
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| 202 |
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| 203 | /* reset inner alignment in figures */
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| 204 | div.align-right {
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| 205 | text-align: inherit }
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| 206 |
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| 207 | /* div.align-center * { */
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| 208 | /* text-align: left } */
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| 209 |
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| 210 | .align-top {
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| 211 | vertical-align: top }
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| 212 |
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| 213 | .align-middle {
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| 214 | vertical-align: middle }
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| 215 |
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| 216 | .align-bottom {
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| 217 | vertical-align: bottom }
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| 218 |
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| 219 | ol.simple, ul.simple {
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| 220 | margin-bottom: 1em }
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| 221 |
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| 222 | ol.arabic {
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| 223 | list-style: decimal }
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| 224 |
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| 225 | ol.loweralpha {
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| 226 | list-style: lower-alpha }
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| 227 |
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| 228 | ol.upperalpha {
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| 229 | list-style: upper-alpha }
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| 230 |
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| 231 | ol.lowerroman {
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| 232 | list-style: lower-roman }
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| 233 |
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| 234 | ol.upperroman {
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| 235 | list-style: upper-roman }
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| 236 |
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| 237 | p.attribution {
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| 238 | text-align: right ;
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| 239 | margin-left: 50% }
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| 240 |
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| 241 | p.caption {
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| 242 | font-style: italic }
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| 243 |
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| 244 | p.credits {
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| 245 | font-style: italic ;
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| 246 | font-size: smaller }
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| 247 |
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| 248 | p.label {
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| 249 | white-space: nowrap }
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| 250 |
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| 251 | p.rubric {
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| 252 | font-weight: bold ;
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| 253 | font-size: larger ;
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| 254 | color: maroon ;
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| 255 | text-align: center }
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| 256 |
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| 257 | p.sidebar-title {
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| 258 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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| 259 | font-weight: bold ;
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| 260 | font-size: larger }
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| 261 |
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| 262 | p.sidebar-subtitle {
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| 263 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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| 264 | font-weight: bold }
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| 265 |
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| 266 | p.topic-title {
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| 267 | font-weight: bold }
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| 268 |
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| 269 | pre.address {
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| 270 | margin-bottom: 0 ;
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| 271 | margin-top: 0 ;
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| 272 | font: inherit }
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| 273 |
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| 274 | pre.literal-block, pre.doctest-block, pre.math, pre.code {
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| 275 | margin-left: 2em ;
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| 276 | margin-right: 2em }
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| 277 |
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| 278 | pre.code .ln { color: grey; } /* line numbers */
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| 279 | pre.code, code { background-color: #eeeeee }
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| 280 | pre.code .comment, code .comment { color: #5C6576 }
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| 281 | pre.code .keyword, code .keyword { color: #3B0D06; font-weight: bold }
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| 282 | pre.code .literal.string, code .literal.string { color: #0C5404 }
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| 283 | pre.code .name.builtin, code .name.builtin { color: #352B84 }
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| 284 | pre.code .deleted, code .deleted { background-color: #DEB0A1}
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| 285 | pre.code .inserted, code .inserted { background-color: #A3D289}
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| 286 |
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| 287 | span.classifier {
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| 288 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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| 289 | font-style: oblique }
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| 290 |
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| 291 | span.classifier-delimiter {
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| 292 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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| 293 | font-weight: bold }
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| 294 |
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| 295 | span.interpreted {
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| 296 | font-family: sans-serif }
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| 297 |
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| 298 | span.option {
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| 299 | white-space: nowrap }
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| 300 |
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| 301 | span.pre {
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| 302 | white-space: pre }
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| 303 |
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| 304 | span.problematic {
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| 305 | color: red }
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| 306 |
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| 307 | span.section-subtitle {
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| 308 | /* font-size relative to parent (h1..h6 element) */
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| 309 | font-size: 80% }
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| 310 |
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| 311 | table.citation {
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| 312 | border-left: solid 1px gray;
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| 313 | margin-left: 1px }
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| 314 |
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| 315 | table.docinfo {
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| 316 | margin: 2em 4em }
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| 317 |
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| 318 | table.docutils {
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| 319 | margin-top: 0.5em ;
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| 320 | margin-bottom: 0.5em }
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| 321 |
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| 322 | table.footnote {
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| 323 | border-left: solid 1px black;
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| 324 | margin-left: 1px }
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| 325 |
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| 326 | table.docutils td, table.docutils th,
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| 327 | table.docinfo td, table.docinfo th {
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| 328 | padding-left: 0.5em ;
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| 329 | padding-right: 0.5em ;
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| 330 | vertical-align: top }
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| 331 |
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| 332 | table.docutils th.field-name, table.docinfo th.docinfo-name {
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| 333 | font-weight: bold ;
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| 334 | text-align: left ;
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| 335 | white-space: nowrap ;
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| 336 | padding-left: 0 }
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| 337 |
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| 338 | /* "booktabs" style (no vertical lines) */
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| 339 | table.docutils.booktabs {
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| 340 | border: 0px;
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| 341 | border-top: 2px solid;
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| 342 | border-bottom: 2px solid;
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| 343 | border-collapse: collapse;
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| 344 | }
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| 345 | table.docutils.booktabs * {
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| 346 | border: 0px;
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| 347 | }
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| 348 | table.docutils.booktabs th {
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| 349 | border-bottom: thin solid;
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| 350 | text-align: left;
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| 351 | }
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| 352 |
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| 353 | h1 tt.docutils, h2 tt.docutils, h3 tt.docutils,
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| 354 | h4 tt.docutils, h5 tt.docutils, h6 tt.docutils {
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| 355 | font-size: 100% }
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| 356 |
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| 357 | ul.auto-toc {
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| 358 | list-style-type: none }
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| 359 |
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| 360 | </style>
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| 361 | </head>
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| 362 | <body>
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| 363 | <div class="document">
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| 364 |
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| 365 |
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| 366 | <div class="section" id="testbox-imaging-backup-restore">
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| 367 | <h1>Testbox Imaging (Backup / Restore)</h1>
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| 368 | <div class="section" id="introduction">
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| 369 | <h2>Introduction</h2>
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| 370 | <p>This document is explores deploying a very simple drive imaging solution to help
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| 371 | avoid needing to manually reinstall testboxes when a disk goes bust or the OS
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| 372 | install seems to be corrupted.</p>
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| 373 | </div>
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| 374 | </div>
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| 375 | <div class="section" id="definitions-glossary">
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| 376 | <h1>Definitions / Glossary</h1>
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| 377 | <p>See AutomaticTestingRevamp.txt.</p>
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| 378 | </div>
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| 379 | <div class="section" id="objectives">
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| 380 | <h1>Objectives</h1>
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| 381 | <blockquote>
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| 382 | <ul class="simple">
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| 383 | <li>Off site, no admin interaction (no need for ILOM or similar).</li>
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| 384 | <li>OS independent.</li>
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| 385 | <li>Space and bandwidth efficient.</li>
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| 386 | <li>As automatic as possible.</li>
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| 387 | <li>Logging.</li>
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| 388 | </ul>
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| 389 | </blockquote>
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| 390 | </div>
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| 391 | <div class="section" id="overview-of-the-solution">
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| 392 | <h1>Overview of the Solution</h1>
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| 393 | <p>Here is a brief summary:</p>
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| 394 | <blockquote>
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| 395 | <ul class="simple">
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| 396 | <li>Always boot testboxes via PXE using PXELINUX.</li>
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| 397 | <li>Default configuration is local boot (hard disk / SSD)</li>
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| 398 | <li>Restore/backup action triggered by machine specific PXE config.</li>
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| 399 | <li>Boots special debian maintenance install off NFS.</li>
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| 400 | <li>A maintenance service (systemd style) does the work.</li>
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| 401 | <li>The service reads action from TFTP location and performs it.</li>
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| 402 | <li>When done the service removes the TFTP machine specific config
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| 403 | and reboots the system.</li>
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| 404 | </ul>
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| 405 | </blockquote>
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| 406 | <dl class="docutils">
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| 407 | <dt>Maintenance actions are:</dt>
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| 408 | <dd><ul class="first last simple">
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| 409 | <li>backup</li>
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| 410 | <li>backup-again</li>
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| 411 | <li>restore</li>
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| 412 | <li>refresh-info</li>
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| 413 | <li>rescue</li>
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| 414 | </ul>
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| 415 | </dd>
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| 416 | </dl>
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| 417 | <p>Possible modifier that indicates a subset of disk on testboxes with other OSes
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| 418 | installed. Support for partition level backup/restore is not explored here.</p>
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| 419 | <div class="section" id="how-to-use">
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| 420 | <h2>How to use</h2>
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| 421 | <p>To perform one of the above maintenance actions on a testbox, run the
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| 422 | <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-pxe-conf.sh</span></tt> script:</p>
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| 423 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
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| 424 | /mnt/testbox-tftp/pxeclient.cfg/testbox-pxe-conf.sh 10.165.98.220 rescue
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| 425 | </pre>
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| 426 | <p>Then trigger a reboot. The box will then boot the NFS rooted debian image and
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| 427 | execute the maintenance action. On success, it will remove the testbox hex-IP
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| 428 | config file and reboot again.</p>
|
|---|
| 429 | </div>
|
|---|
| 430 | </div>
|
|---|
| 431 | <div class="section" id="storage-server">
|
|---|
| 432 | <h1>Storage Server</h1>
|
|---|
| 433 | <p>The storage server will have three areas used here. Using NFS for all three
|
|---|
| 434 | avoids extra work getting CIFS sharing right too (NFS is already a pain).</p>
|
|---|
| 435 | <blockquote>
|
|---|
| 436 | <ol class="arabic simple">
|
|---|
| 437 | <li>/export/testbox-tftp - TFTP config area. Read-write.</li>
|
|---|
| 438 | <li>/export/testbox-backup - Images and logs. Read-write.</li>
|
|---|
| 439 | <li>/export/testbox-nfsroot - Custom debian. Read-only, no root squash.</li>
|
|---|
| 440 | </ol>
|
|---|
| 441 | </blockquote>
|
|---|
| 442 | </div>
|
|---|
| 443 | <div class="section" id="tftp-export-testbox-tftp">
|
|---|
| 444 | <h1>TFTP (/export/testbox-tftp)</h1>
|
|---|
| 445 | <p>The testbox-tftp share needs to be writable, root squashing is okay.</p>
|
|---|
| 446 | <p>We need files from both PXELINUX and SYSLINUX to make this work now. On a
|
|---|
| 447 | debian system, the <tt class="docutils literal">pxelinux</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">syslinux</tt> packages needs to be
|
|---|
| 448 | installed. We actually do this further down when setting up the nfsroot, so
|
|---|
| 449 | it's possible to get them from there by postponing this step a little. On
|
|---|
| 450 | debian 8.6.0 the PXELINUX files are found in <tt class="docutils literal">/usr/lib/PXELINUX</tt> and the
|
|---|
| 451 | SYSLINUX ones in <tt class="docutils literal">/usr/lib/syslinux</tt>.</p>
|
|---|
| 452 | <p>The initial PXE image as well as associated modules comes in three variants,
|
|---|
| 453 | BIOS, 32-bit EFI and 64-bit EFI. We'll only need the BIOS one for now.
|
|---|
| 454 | Perform the following copy operations:</p>
|
|---|
| 455 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 456 | cp /usr/lib/PXELINUX/pxelinux.0 /mnt/testbox-tftp/
|
|---|
| 457 | cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/*/ldlinux.* /mnt/testbox-tftp/
|
|---|
| 458 | cp -R /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios /mnt/testbox-tftp/
|
|---|
| 459 | cp -R /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/efi32 /mnt/testbox-tftp/
|
|---|
| 460 | cp -R /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/efi64 /mnt/testbox-tftp/
|
|---|
| 461 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 462 | <p>For simplicity, all the testboxes boot using good old fashioned BIOS, no EFI.
|
|---|
| 463 | However, it doesn't really hurt to be prepared.</p>
|
|---|
| 464 | <p>The PXELINUX related files goes in the root of the testbox-tftp share. (As
|
|---|
| 465 | mentioned further down, these can be installed on a debian system by running
|
|---|
| 466 | <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">apt-get</span> install pxelinux syslinux</tt>.) We need the <tt class="docutils literal">*pxelinux.0</tt> files
|
|---|
| 467 | typically found in <tt class="docutils literal">/usr/lib/PXELINUX/</tt> on debian systems (recent ones
|
|---|
| 468 | anyway). It is possible we may need one ore more fo the modules <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-1" id="footnote-reference-1">[1]</a> that
|
|---|
| 469 | ships with PXELINUX/SYSLINUX, so do copy <tt class="docutils literal">/usr/lib/syslinux/modules</tt> to
|
|---|
| 470 | <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-tftp/modules</span></tt> as well.</p>
|
|---|
| 471 | <p>The directory layout related to the configuration files is dictated by the
|
|---|
| 472 | PXELINUX configuration file searching algorithm <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-2" id="footnote-reference-2">[2]</a>. Create a subdirectory
|
|---|
| 473 | <tt class="docutils literal">pxelinux.cfg/</tt> under <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-tftp</span></tt> and create the world readable file
|
|---|
| 474 | <tt class="docutils literal">default</tt> with the following content:</p>
|
|---|
| 475 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 476 | PATH bios
|
|---|
| 477 | DEFAULT local-boot
|
|---|
| 478 | LABEL local-boot
|
|---|
| 479 | LOCALBOOT
|
|---|
| 480 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 481 | <p>This will make the default behavior to boot the local disk system.</p>
|
|---|
| 482 | <p>Copy the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-pxe-conf.sh</span></tt> script file found in the same directory as
|
|---|
| 483 | this document to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-tftp/pxelinux.cfg/</span></tt>. Edit the copy to correct
|
|---|
| 484 | the IP addresses near the top, as well as any linux, TFTP and PXE details near
|
|---|
| 485 | the bottom of the file. This script will generate the PXE configuration file
|
|---|
| 486 | when performing maintenance on a testbox.</p>
|
|---|
| 487 | </div>
|
|---|
| 488 | <div class="section" id="images-and-logs-export-testbox-backup">
|
|---|
| 489 | <h1>Images and logs (/export/testbox-backup)</h1>
|
|---|
| 490 | <p>The testbox-backup share needs to be writable, root squashing is okay.</p>
|
|---|
| 491 | <p>In the root there must be a file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-backup</span></tt> so we can easily tell
|
|---|
| 492 | whether we've actually mounted the share or are just staring at an empty mount
|
|---|
| 493 | point directory.</p>
|
|---|
| 494 | <p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-maintenance.sh</span></tt> script maintains a global log in the root
|
|---|
| 495 | directory that's called <tt class="docutils literal">maintenance.log</tt>. Errors will be logged there as
|
|---|
| 496 | well as a ping and the action.</p>
|
|---|
| 497 | <p>We use a directory layout based on dotted decimal IP addresses here, so for a
|
|---|
| 498 | server with the IP 10.40.41.42 all its file will be under <tt class="docutils literal">10.40.41.42/</tt>:</p>
|
|---|
| 499 | <dl class="docutils">
|
|---|
| 500 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><hostname></tt></dt>
|
|---|
| 501 | <dd>The name of the testbox (empty file). Help finding a testbox by name.</dd>
|
|---|
| 502 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-info.txt</span></tt></dt>
|
|---|
| 503 | <dd>Information about the testbox. Starting off with the name, decimal IP,
|
|---|
| 504 | PXELINUX style hexadecimal IP, and more.</dd>
|
|---|
| 505 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal">maintenance.log</tt></dt>
|
|---|
| 506 | <dd>Maintenance log file recording what the maintenance service does.</dd>
|
|---|
| 507 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disk-devices.lst</span></tt></dt>
|
|---|
| 508 | <dd>Optional list of disk devices to consider backuping up or restoring. This is
|
|---|
| 509 | intended for testboxes with additional disks that are used for other purposes
|
|---|
| 510 | and should touched.</dd>
|
|---|
| 511 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal">sda.raw.gz</tt></dt>
|
|---|
| 512 | <dd>The gzipped raw copy of the sda device of the testbox.</dd>
|
|---|
| 513 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sd[bcdefgh].raw.gz</span></tt></dt>
|
|---|
| 514 | <dd>The gzipped raw copy sdb, sdc, sde, sdf, sdg, sdh, etc if any of them exists
|
|---|
| 515 | and are disks/SSDs.</dd>
|
|---|
| 516 | <dt>Note! If it turns out we can be certain to get a valid host name, we might just</dt>
|
|---|
| 517 | <dd>switch to use the hostname as the directory name instead of the IP.</dd>
|
|---|
| 518 | </dl>
|
|---|
| 519 | </div>
|
|---|
| 520 | <div class="section" id="debian-nfs-root-export-testbox-nfsroot">
|
|---|
| 521 | <h1>Debian NFS root (/export/testbox-nfsroot)</h1>
|
|---|
| 522 | <p>The testbox-nfsroot share should be read-only and must <strong>not</strong> have root
|
|---|
| 523 | squashing enabled. Also, make sure setting the set-uid-bit is allowed by the
|
|---|
| 524 | server, or <tt class="docutils literal">su` and ``sudo</tt> won't work</p>
|
|---|
| 525 | <p>There are several ways of creating a debian nfsroot, but since we've got a
|
|---|
| 526 | tool like VirtualBox around we've just installed it in a VM, prepared it,
|
|---|
| 527 | and copied it onto the NFS server share.</p>
|
|---|
| 528 | <p>As of writing debian 8.6.0 is current, so a minimal 64-bit install of it was
|
|---|
| 529 | done in a VM. After installation the following modifications was done:</p>
|
|---|
| 530 | <blockquote>
|
|---|
| 531 | <ul>
|
|---|
| 532 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">apt-get</span> install pxelinux syslinux <span class="pre">initramfs-tools</span> zip gddrescue sudo joe</tt>
|
|---|
| 533 | and optionally <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">apt-get</span> install smbclient <span class="pre">cifs-utils</span></tt>.</p>
|
|---|
| 534 | </li>
|
|---|
| 535 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">/etc/default/grub</tt> was modified to set <tt class="docutils literal">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</tt> to
|
|---|
| 536 | <tt class="docutils literal">""</tt> instead of <tt class="docutils literal">"quiet"</tt>. This allows us to see messages during boot
|
|---|
| 537 | and perhaps spot why something doesn't work on a testbox. Regenerate the
|
|---|
| 538 | grub configuration file by running <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">update-grub</span></tt> afterwards.</p>
|
|---|
| 539 | </li>
|
|---|
| 540 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">/etc/sudoers</tt> was modified to allow the <tt class="docutils literal">vbox</tt> user use sudo without
|
|---|
| 541 | requring any password.</p>
|
|---|
| 542 | </li>
|
|---|
| 543 | <li><p class="first">Create the directory <tt class="docutils literal">/etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d</tt> and create
|
|---|
| 544 | the file <tt class="docutils literal">noclear.conf</tt> in it with the following content:</p>
|
|---|
| 545 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 546 | [Service]
|
|---|
| 547 | TTYVTDisallocate=no
|
|---|
| 548 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 549 | <p>This stops getty from clearing VT1 and let us see the tail of the boot up
|
|---|
| 550 | messages, which includes messages from the testbox-maintenance service.</p>
|
|---|
| 551 | </li>
|
|---|
| 552 | <li><p class="first">Mount the testbox-nfsroot under <tt class="docutils literal">/mnt/</tt> with write privileges. (The write
|
|---|
| 553 | privileges are temporary - don't forget to remove them later on.):</p>
|
|---|
| 554 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 555 | mount -t nfs myserver.com:/export/testbox-nfsroot
|
|---|
| 556 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 557 | <p>Note! Adding <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-o</span> nfsvers=3</tt> may help with some NTFv4 servers.</p>
|
|---|
| 558 | </li>
|
|---|
| 559 | <li><p class="first">Copy the debian root and dev file system onto nfsroot. If you have ssh
|
|---|
| 560 | access to the NFS server, the quickest way to do it is to use <tt class="docutils literal">tar</tt>:</p>
|
|---|
| 561 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 562 | tar -cz --one-file-system -f /mnt/testbox-maintenance-nfsroot.tar.gz . dev/
|
|---|
| 563 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 564 | <p>An alternative is <tt class="docutils literal">cp <span class="pre">-ax</span> . /mnt/. && cp <span class="pre">-ax</span> dev/. /mnt/dev/.</tt> but this
|
|---|
| 565 | is quite a bit slower, obviously.</p>
|
|---|
| 566 | </li>
|
|---|
| 567 | <li><p class="first">Edit <tt class="docutils literal">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</tt> setting <tt class="docutils literal">PermitRootLogin</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal">yes</tt> so we can ssh
|
|---|
| 568 | in as root later on.</p>
|
|---|
| 569 | </li>
|
|---|
| 570 | <li><p class="first">chroot into the nfsroot: <tt class="docutils literal">chroot /mnt/</tt></p>
|
|---|
| 571 | <blockquote>
|
|---|
| 572 | <ul>
|
|---|
| 573 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">mount <span class="pre">-o</span> proc proc /proc</tt></p>
|
|---|
| 574 | </li>
|
|---|
| 575 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">mount <span class="pre">-o</span> sysfs sysfs /sys</tt></p>
|
|---|
| 576 | </li>
|
|---|
| 577 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">mkdir <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-tftp</span> <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-backup</span></tt></p>
|
|---|
| 578 | </li>
|
|---|
| 579 | <li><p class="first">Recreate <tt class="docutils literal">/etc/fstab</tt> with:</p>
|
|---|
| 580 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 581 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
|
|---|
| 582 | /dev/nfs / nfs defaults 1 1
|
|---|
| 583 | 10.42.1.1:/export/testbox-tftp /mnt/testbox-tftp nfs tcp,nfsvers=3,noauto 2 2
|
|---|
| 584 | 10.42.1.1:/export/testbox-backup /mnt/testbox-backup nfs tcp,nfsvers=3,noauto 3 3
|
|---|
| 585 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 586 | <p>We use NFS version 3 as that works better for our NFS server and client,
|
|---|
| 587 | remove if not necessary. The <tt class="docutils literal">noauto</tt> option is to work around mount
|
|---|
| 588 | trouble during early bootup on some of our boxes.</p>
|
|---|
| 589 | </li>
|
|---|
| 590 | <li><p class="first">Do <tt class="docutils literal">mount <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-tftp</span> && mount <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-backup</span></tt> to mount the
|
|---|
| 591 | two shares. This may be a good time to execute the instructions in the
|
|---|
| 592 | sections above relating to these two shares.</p>
|
|---|
| 593 | </li>
|
|---|
| 594 | <li><p class="first">Edit <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf</span></tt> and change the <tt class="docutils literal">MODULES</tt>
|
|---|
| 595 | value from <tt class="docutils literal">most</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal">netboot</tt>.</p>
|
|---|
| 596 | </li>
|
|---|
| 597 | <li><p class="first">Append <tt class="docutils literal">aufs</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/initramfs-tools/modules</span></tt>. The advanced
|
|---|
| 598 | multi-layered unification filesystem (aufs) enables us to use a
|
|---|
| 599 | read-only NFS root. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-3" id="footnote-reference-3">[3]</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-4" id="footnote-reference-4">[4]</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-5" id="footnote-reference-5">[5]</a></p>
|
|---|
| 600 | </li>
|
|---|
| 601 | <li><p class="first">Create <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/init-bottom/00_aufs_init</span></tt> as
|
|---|
| 602 | an executable file with the following content:</p>
|
|---|
| 603 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 604 | #!/bin/sh
|
|---|
| 605 | # Don't run during update-initramfs:
|
|---|
| 606 | case "$1" in
|
|---|
| 607 | prereqs)
|
|---|
| 608 | exit 0;
|
|---|
| 609 | ;;
|
|---|
| 610 | esac
|
|---|
| 611 |
|
|---|
| 612 | modprobe aufs
|
|---|
| 613 | mkdir -p /ro /rw /aufs
|
|---|
| 614 | mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /rw -o noatime,mode=0755
|
|---|
| 615 | mount --move $rootmnt /ro
|
|---|
| 616 | mount -t aufs aufs /aufs -o noatime,dirs=/rw:/ro=ro
|
|---|
| 617 | mkdir -p /aufs/rw /aufs/ro
|
|---|
| 618 | mount --move /ro /aufs/ro
|
|---|
| 619 | mount --move /rw /aufs/rw
|
|---|
| 620 | mount --move /aufs /root
|
|---|
| 621 | exit 0
|
|---|
| 622 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 623 | </li>
|
|---|
| 624 | <li><p class="first">Update the init ramdisk: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">update-initramfs</span> <span class="pre">-u</span> <span class="pre">-k</span> all</tt></p>
|
|---|
| 625 | <dl class="docutils">
|
|---|
| 626 | <dt>Note! It may be necessary to do <tt class="docutils literal">mount <span class="pre">-t</span> tmpfs tmpfs /var/tmp</tt> to help</dt>
|
|---|
| 627 | <dd><p class="first last">this operation succeed.</p>
|
|---|
| 628 | </dd>
|
|---|
| 629 | </dl>
|
|---|
| 630 | </li>
|
|---|
| 631 | <li><p class="first">Copy <tt class="docutils literal">/boot</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-tftp/maintenance-boot/</span></tt>.</p>
|
|---|
| 632 | </li>
|
|---|
| 633 | <li><p class="first">Copy the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-maintenance.sh</span></tt> file found in the same directory as this
|
|---|
| 634 | document to <tt class="docutils literal">/root/scripts/</tt> (need to create the dir) and make it
|
|---|
| 635 | executable.</p>
|
|---|
| 636 | </li>
|
|---|
| 637 | <li><p class="first">Create the systemd service file for the maintenance service as
|
|---|
| 638 | <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/testbox-maintenance.service</span></tt> with the content:</p>
|
|---|
| 639 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 640 | [Unit]
|
|---|
| 641 | Description=Testbox Maintenance
|
|---|
| 642 | After=network.target
|
|---|
| 643 | Before=getty@tty1.service
|
|---|
| 644 |
|
|---|
| 645 | [Service]
|
|---|
| 646 | Type=oneshot
|
|---|
| 647 | RemainAfterExit=True
|
|---|
| 648 | ExecStart=/root/scripts/testbox-maintenance.sh
|
|---|
| 649 | ExecStartPre=/bin/echo -e \033%G
|
|---|
| 650 | ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
|
|---|
| 651 | WorkingDirectory=/tmp
|
|---|
| 652 | Environment=TERM=xterm
|
|---|
| 653 | StandardOutput=journal+console
|
|---|
| 654 |
|
|---|
| 655 | [Install]
|
|---|
| 656 | WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
|---|
| 657 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 658 | </li>
|
|---|
| 659 | <li><p class="first">Enable our service: <tt class="docutils literal">systemctl enable <span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/testbox-maintenance.service</span></tt></p>
|
|---|
| 660 | </li>
|
|---|
| 661 | <li><p class="first">xxxx ... more ???</p>
|
|---|
| 662 | </li>
|
|---|
| 663 | <li><p class="first">Before leaving the chroot, do <tt class="docutils literal">mount /proc /sys <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-*</span></tt>.</p>
|
|---|
| 664 | </li>
|
|---|
| 665 | </ul>
|
|---|
| 666 | </blockquote>
|
|---|
| 667 | </li>
|
|---|
| 668 | <li><p class="first">Testing the setup from a VM is kind of useful (if the nfs server can be
|
|---|
| 669 | convinced to accept root nfs mounts from non-privileged clinet ports):</p>
|
|---|
| 670 | <blockquote>
|
|---|
| 671 | <ul>
|
|---|
| 672 | <li><p class="first">Create a VM using the 64-bit debian profile. Let's call it "pxe-vm".</p>
|
|---|
| 673 | </li>
|
|---|
| 674 | <li><p class="first">Mount the TFTP share somewhere, like M: or /mnt/testbox-tftp.</p>
|
|---|
| 675 | </li>
|
|---|
| 676 | <li><p class="first">Reconfigure the NAT DHCP and TFTP bits:</p>
|
|---|
| 677 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 678 | VBoxManage setextradata pxe-vm VBoxInternal/PDM/DriverTransformations/pxe/AboveDriver NAT
|
|---|
| 679 | VBoxManage setextradata pxe-vm VBoxInternal/PDM/DriverTransformations/pxe/Action mergeconfig
|
|---|
| 680 | VBoxManage setextradata pxe-vm VBoxInternal/PDM/DriverTransformations/pxe/Config/TFTPPrefix M:/
|
|---|
| 681 | VBoxManage setextradata pxe-vm VBoxInternal/PDM/DriverTransformations/pxe/Config/BootFile pxelinux.0
|
|---|
| 682 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 683 | </li>
|
|---|
| 684 | <li><p class="first">Create the file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-tftp/pxelinux.cfg/0A00020F</span></tt> containing:</p>
|
|---|
| 685 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
|---|
| 686 | PATH bios
|
|---|
| 687 | DEFAULT maintenance
|
|---|
| 688 | LABEL maintenance
|
|---|
| 689 | MENU LABEL Maintenance (NFS)
|
|---|
| 690 | KERNEL maintenance-boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-4-amd64
|
|---|
| 691 | APPEND initrd=maintenance-boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-4-amd64 ro ip=dhcp aufs=tmpfs \
|
|---|
| 692 | boot=nfs root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=10.42.1.1:/export/testbox-nfsroot
|
|---|
| 693 | LABEL local-boot
|
|---|
| 694 | LOCALBOOT
|
|---|
| 695 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 696 | </li>
|
|---|
| 697 | </ul>
|
|---|
| 698 | </blockquote>
|
|---|
| 699 | </li>
|
|---|
| 700 | </ul>
|
|---|
| 701 | </blockquote>
|
|---|
| 702 | </div>
|
|---|
| 703 | <div class="section" id="troubleshooting">
|
|---|
| 704 | <h1>Troubleshooting</h1>
|
|---|
| 705 | <dl class="docutils">
|
|---|
| 706 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PXE-E11</span></tt> or something like <tt class="docutils literal">No ARP reply</tt></dt>
|
|---|
| 707 | <dd>You probably got the TFTP and DHCP on different machines. Try move the TFTP
|
|---|
| 708 | to the same machine as the DHCP, then the PXE stack won't have to do any
|
|---|
| 709 | additional ARP resolving. Google results suggest that a congested network
|
|---|
| 710 | could use the ARP reply to get lost. Our suspicion is that it might also be
|
|---|
| 711 | related to the PXE stack shipping with the NIC.</dd>
|
|---|
| 712 | </dl>
|
|---|
| 713 | <hr class="docutils" />
|
|---|
| 714 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-1" rules="none">
|
|---|
| 715 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|---|
| 716 | <tbody valign="top">
|
|---|
| 717 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-1">[1]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Modules">http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Modules</a></td></tr>
|
|---|
| 718 | </tbody>
|
|---|
| 719 | </table>
|
|---|
| 720 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-2" rules="none">
|
|---|
| 721 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|---|
| 722 | <tbody valign="top">
|
|---|
| 723 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-2">[2]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration">http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration</a></td></tr>
|
|---|
| 724 | </tbody>
|
|---|
| 725 | </table>
|
|---|
| 726 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-3" rules="none">
|
|---|
| 727 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|---|
| 728 | <tbody valign="top">
|
|---|
| 729 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-3">[3]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufs">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufs</a></td></tr>
|
|---|
| 730 | </tbody>
|
|---|
| 731 | </table>
|
|---|
| 732 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-4" rules="none">
|
|---|
| 733 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|---|
| 734 | <tbody valign="top">
|
|---|
| 735 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-4">[4]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="http://shitwefoundout.com/wiki/Diskless_ubuntu">http://shitwefoundout.com/wiki/Diskless_ubuntu</a></td></tr>
|
|---|
| 736 | </tbody>
|
|---|
| 737 | </table>
|
|---|
| 738 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-5" rules="none">
|
|---|
| 739 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|---|
| 740 | <tbody valign="top">
|
|---|
| 741 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-5">[5]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="http://debianaddict.com/2012/06/19/diskless-debian-linux-booting-via-dhcppxenfstftp/">http://debianaddict.com/2012/06/19/diskless-debian-linux-booting-via-dhcppxenfstftp/</a></td></tr>
|
|---|
| 742 | </tbody>
|
|---|
| 743 | </table>
|
|---|
| 744 | <hr class="docutils" />
|
|---|
| 745 | <table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
|
|---|
| 746 | <col class="field-name" />
|
|---|
| 747 | <col class="field-body" />
|
|---|
| 748 | <tbody valign="top">
|
|---|
| 749 | <tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Status:</th><td class="field-body">$Id: TestBoxImaging.html 106065 2024-09-16 21:42:41Z vboxsync $</td>
|
|---|
| 750 | </tr>
|
|---|
| 751 | <tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Copyright:</th><td class="field-body">Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Oracle Corporation.</td>
|
|---|
| 752 | </tr>
|
|---|
| 753 | </tbody>
|
|---|
| 754 | </table>
|
|---|
| 755 | </div>
|
|---|
| 756 | </div>
|
|---|
| 757 | </body>
|
|---|
| 758 | </html>
|
|---|
