VirtualBox

source: vbox/trunk/src/VBox/VMM/VMMR3/DBGFCoreWrite.cpp@ 44358

Last change on this file since 44358 was 41783, checked in by vboxsync, 12 years ago

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1/* $Id: DBGFCoreWrite.cpp 41783 2012-06-16 19:24:15Z vboxsync $ */
2/** @file
3 * DBGF - Debugger Facility, Guest Core Dump.
4 */
5
6/*
7 * Copyright (C) 2010 Oracle Corporation
8 *
9 * This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
10 * available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
11 * you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
12 * General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
13 * Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
14 * VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
15 * hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
16 */
17
18/** @page pg_dbgf_vmcore VMCore Format
19 *
20 * The VirtualBox VMCore Format:
21 * [ ELF 64 Header] -- Only 1
22 *
23 * [ PT_NOTE ] -- Only 1
24 * - Offset into CoreDescriptor followed by list of Notes (Note Hdr + data) of VBox CPUs.
25 * - (Any Additional custom Note sections).
26 *
27 * [ PT_LOAD ] -- One for each contiguous memory chunk
28 * - Memory offset (physical).
29 * - File offset.
30 *
31 * CoreDescriptor
32 * - Magic, VBox version.
33 * - Number of CPus.
34 *
35 * Per-CPU register dump
36 * - CPU 1 Note Hdr + Data.
37 * - CPU 2 Note Hdr + Data.
38 * ...
39 * (Additional custom notes Hdr+data)
40 * - VBox 1 Note Hdr + Data.
41 * - VBox 2 Note Hdr + Data.
42 * ...
43 * Memory dump
44 *
45 */
46
47/*******************************************************************************
48* Header Files *
49*******************************************************************************/
50#define LOG_GROUP LOG_GROUP_DBGF
51#include <iprt/param.h>
52#include <iprt/file.h>
53
54#include "DBGFInternal.h"
55
56#include <VBox/vmm/cpum.h>
57#include "CPUMInternal.h"
58#include <VBox/vmm/dbgf.h>
59#include <VBox/vmm/dbgfcorefmt.h>
60#include <VBox/vmm/vm.h>
61#include <VBox/vmm/pgm.h>
62#include <VBox/err.h>
63#include <VBox/log.h>
64#include <VBox/vmm/mm.h>
65#include <VBox/version.h>
66
67#include "../../Runtime/include/internal/ldrELF64.h"
68
69
70/*******************************************************************************
71* Defined Constants And Macros *
72*******************************************************************************/
73#define DBGFLOG_NAME "DBGFCoreWrite"
74
75
76/*******************************************************************************
77* Global Variables *
78*******************************************************************************/
79static const int s_NoteAlign = 8;
80static const int s_cbNoteName = 16;
81
82/* These strings *HAVE* to be 8-byte aligned */
83static const char *s_pcszCoreVBoxCore = "VBCORE";
84static const char *s_pcszCoreVBoxCpu = "VBCPU";
85
86
87/*******************************************************************************
88* Structures and Typedefs *
89*******************************************************************************/
90/**
91 * Guest core writer data.
92 *
93 * Used to pass parameters from DBGFR3CoreWrite to dbgfR3CoreWriteRendezvous.
94 */
95typedef struct DBGFCOREDATA
96{
97 /** The name of the file to write the file to. */
98 const char *pszFilename;
99 /** Whether to replace (/overwrite) any existing file. */
100 bool fReplaceFile;
101} DBGFCOREDATA;
102/** Pointer to the guest core writer data. */
103typedef DBGFCOREDATA *PDBGFCOREDATA;
104
105
106
107/**
108 * ELF function to write 64-bit ELF header.
109 *
110 * @param hFile The file to write to.
111 * @param cProgHdrs Number of program headers.
112 * @param cSecHdrs Number of section headers.
113 *
114 * @return IPRT status code.
115 */
116static int Elf64WriteElfHdr(RTFILE hFile, uint16_t cProgHdrs, uint16_t cSecHdrs)
117{
118 Elf64_Ehdr ElfHdr;
119 RT_ZERO(ElfHdr);
120 ElfHdr.e_ident[EI_MAG0] = ELFMAG0;
121 ElfHdr.e_ident[EI_MAG1] = ELFMAG1;
122 ElfHdr.e_ident[EI_MAG2] = ELFMAG2;
123 ElfHdr.e_ident[EI_MAG3] = ELFMAG3;
124 ElfHdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2LSB;
125 ElfHdr.e_type = ET_CORE;
126 ElfHdr.e_version = EV_CURRENT;
127 ElfHdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS64;
128 /* 32-bit builds will produce cores with e_machine EM_386. */
129#ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
130 ElfHdr.e_machine = EM_X86_64;
131#else
132 ElfHdr.e_machine = EM_386;
133#endif
134 ElfHdr.e_phnum = cProgHdrs;
135 ElfHdr.e_shnum = cSecHdrs;
136 ElfHdr.e_ehsize = sizeof(ElfHdr);
137 ElfHdr.e_phoff = sizeof(ElfHdr);
138 ElfHdr.e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
139 ElfHdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr);
140
141 return RTFileWrite(hFile, &ElfHdr, sizeof(ElfHdr), NULL /* all */);
142}
143
144
145/**
146 * ELF function to write 64-bit program header.
147 *
148 * @param hFile The file to write to.
149 * @param Type Type of program header (PT_*).
150 * @param fFlags Flags (access permissions, PF_*).
151 * @param offFileData File offset of contents.
152 * @param cbFileData Size of contents in the file.
153 * @param cbMemData Size of contents in memory.
154 * @param Phys Physical address, pass zero if not applicable.
155 *
156 * @return IPRT status code.
157 */
158static int Elf64WriteProgHdr(RTFILE hFile, uint32_t Type, uint32_t fFlags, uint64_t offFileData, uint64_t cbFileData,
159 uint64_t cbMemData, RTGCPHYS Phys)
160{
161 Elf64_Phdr ProgHdr;
162 RT_ZERO(ProgHdr);
163 ProgHdr.p_type = Type;
164 ProgHdr.p_flags = fFlags;
165 ProgHdr.p_offset = offFileData;
166 ProgHdr.p_filesz = cbFileData;
167 ProgHdr.p_memsz = cbMemData;
168 ProgHdr.p_paddr = Phys;
169
170 return RTFileWrite(hFile, &ProgHdr, sizeof(ProgHdr), NULL /* all */);
171}
172
173
174/**
175 * Returns the size of the NOTE section given the name and size of the data.
176 *
177 * @param pszName Name of the note section.
178 * @param cb Size of the data portion of the note section.
179 *
180 * @return The size of the NOTE section as rounded to the file alignment.
181 */
182static uint64_t Elf64NoteSectionSize(const char *pszName, uint64_t cbData)
183{
184 uint64_t cbNote = sizeof(Elf64_Nhdr);
185
186 size_t cchName = strlen(pszName) + 1;
187 size_t cchNameAlign = RT_ALIGN_Z(cchName, s_NoteAlign);
188
189 cbNote += cchNameAlign;
190 cbNote += RT_ALIGN_64(cbData, s_NoteAlign);
191 return cbNote;
192}
193
194
195/**
196 * Elf function to write 64-bit note header.
197 *
198 * @param hFile The file to write to.
199 * @param Type Type of this section.
200 * @param pszName Name of this section.
201 * @param pcv Opaque pointer to the data, if NULL only computes size.
202 * @param cbData Size of the data.
203 *
204 * @return IPRT status code.
205 */
206static int Elf64WriteNoteHdr(RTFILE hFile, uint16_t Type, const char *pszName, const void *pcvData, uint64_t cbData)
207{
208 AssertReturn(pcvData, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
209 AssertReturn(cbData > 0, VERR_NO_DATA);
210
211 char szNoteName[s_cbNoteName];
212 RT_ZERO(szNoteName);
213 RTStrCopy(szNoteName, sizeof(szNoteName), pszName);
214
215 size_t cchName = strlen(szNoteName) + 1;
216 size_t cchNameAlign = RT_ALIGN_Z(cchName, s_NoteAlign);
217 uint64_t cbDataAlign = RT_ALIGN_64(cbData, s_NoteAlign);
218
219 /*
220 * Yell loudly and bail if we are going to be writing a core file that is not compatible with
221 * both Solaris and the 64-bit ELF spec. which dictates 8-byte alignment. See @bugref{5211} comment 3.
222 */
223 if (cchNameAlign - cchName > 3)
224 {
225 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Elf64WriteNoteHdr pszName=%s cchName=%u cchNameAlign=%u, cchName aligns to 4 not 8-bytes!\n", pszName, cchName,
226 cchNameAlign));
227 return VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
228 }
229
230 if (cbDataAlign - cbData > 3)
231 {
232 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Elf64WriteNoteHdr pszName=%s cbData=%u cbDataAlign=%u, cbData aligns to 4 not 8-bytes!\n", pszName, cbData,
233 cbDataAlign));
234 return VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
235 }
236
237 static const char s_achPad[7] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
238 AssertCompile(sizeof(s_achPad) >= s_NoteAlign - 1);
239
240 Elf64_Nhdr ElfNoteHdr;
241 RT_ZERO(ElfNoteHdr);
242 ElfNoteHdr.n_namesz = (Elf64_Word)cchName - 1; /* Again a discrepancy between ELF-64 and Solaris (@bugref{5211} comment 3), we will follow ELF-64 */
243 ElfNoteHdr.n_type = Type;
244 ElfNoteHdr.n_descsz = (Elf64_Word)cbDataAlign;
245
246 /*
247 * Write note header.
248 */
249 int rc = RTFileWrite(hFile, &ElfNoteHdr, sizeof(ElfNoteHdr), NULL /* all */);
250 if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
251 {
252 /*
253 * Write note name.
254 */
255 rc = RTFileWrite(hFile, szNoteName, cchName, NULL /* all */);
256 if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
257 {
258 /*
259 * Write note name padding if required.
260 */
261 if (cchNameAlign > cchName)
262 rc = RTFileWrite(hFile, s_achPad, cchNameAlign - cchName, NULL);
263
264 if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
265 {
266 /*
267 * Write note data.
268 */
269 rc = RTFileWrite(hFile, pcvData, cbData, NULL /* all */);
270 if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
271 {
272 /*
273 * Write note data padding if required.
274 */
275 if (cbDataAlign > cbData)
276 rc = RTFileWrite(hFile, s_achPad, cbDataAlign - cbData, NULL /* all*/);
277 }
278 }
279 }
280 }
281
282 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
283 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": RTFileWrite failed. rc=%Rrc pszName=%s cchName=%u cchNameAlign=%u cbData=%u cbDataAlign=%u\n",
284 rc, pszName, cchName, cchNameAlign, cbData, cbDataAlign));
285
286 return rc;
287}
288
289
290/**
291 * Count the number of memory ranges that go into the core file.
292 *
293 * We cannot do a page-by-page dump of the entire guest memory as there will be
294 * way too many program header entries. Also we don't want to dump MMIO regions
295 * which means we cannot have a 1:1 mapping between core file offset and memory
296 * offset. Instead we dump the memory in ranges. A memory range is a contiguous
297 * memory area suitable for dumping to a core file.
298 *
299 * @param pVM Pointer to the VM.
300 *
301 * @return Number of memory ranges
302 */
303static uint32_t dbgfR3GetRamRangeCount(PVM pVM)
304{
305 return PGMR3PhysGetRamRangeCount(pVM);
306}
307
308
309/**
310 * Worker function for dbgfR3CoreWrite which does the writing.
311 *
312 * @returns VBox status code
313 * @param pVM Pointer to the VM.
314 * @param hFile The file to write to. Caller closes this.
315 */
316static int dbgfR3CoreWriteWorker(PVM pVM, RTFILE hFile)
317{
318 /*
319 * Collect core information.
320 */
321 uint32_t const cu32MemRanges = dbgfR3GetRamRangeCount(pVM);
322 uint16_t const cMemRanges = cu32MemRanges < UINT16_MAX - 1 ? cu32MemRanges : UINT16_MAX - 1; /* One PT_NOTE Program header */
323 uint16_t const cProgHdrs = cMemRanges + 1;
324
325 DBGFCOREDESCRIPTOR CoreDescriptor;
326 RT_ZERO(CoreDescriptor);
327 CoreDescriptor.u32Magic = DBGFCORE_MAGIC;
328 CoreDescriptor.u32FmtVersion = DBGFCORE_FMT_VERSION;
329 CoreDescriptor.cbSelf = sizeof(CoreDescriptor);
330 CoreDescriptor.u32VBoxVersion = VBOX_FULL_VERSION;
331 CoreDescriptor.u32VBoxRevision = VMMGetSvnRev();
332 CoreDescriptor.cCpus = pVM->cCpus;
333
334 Log((DBGFLOG_NAME ": CoreDescriptor Version=%u Revision=%u\n", CoreDescriptor.u32VBoxVersion, CoreDescriptor.u32VBoxRevision));
335
336 /*
337 * Compute the file layout (see pg_dbgf_vmcore).
338 */
339 uint64_t const offElfHdr = RTFileTell(hFile);
340 uint64_t const offNoteSection = offElfHdr + sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
341 uint64_t const offLoadSections = offNoteSection + sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
342 uint64_t const cbLoadSections = cMemRanges * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
343 uint64_t const offCoreDescriptor= offLoadSections + cbLoadSections;
344 uint64_t const cbCoreDescriptor = Elf64NoteSectionSize(s_pcszCoreVBoxCore, sizeof(CoreDescriptor));
345 uint64_t const offCpuDumps = offCoreDescriptor + cbCoreDescriptor;
346 uint64_t const cbCpuDumps = pVM->cCpus * Elf64NoteSectionSize(s_pcszCoreVBoxCpu, sizeof(CPUMCTX));
347 uint64_t const offMemory = offCpuDumps + cbCpuDumps;
348
349 uint64_t const offNoteSectionData = offCoreDescriptor;
350 uint64_t const cbNoteSectionData = cbCoreDescriptor + cbCpuDumps;
351
352 /*
353 * Write ELF header.
354 */
355 int rc = Elf64WriteElfHdr(hFile, cProgHdrs, 0 /* cSecHdrs */);
356 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
357 {
358 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Elf64WriteElfHdr failed. rc=%Rrc\n", rc));
359 return rc;
360 }
361
362 /*
363 * Write PT_NOTE program header.
364 */
365 Assert(RTFileTell(hFile) == offNoteSection);
366 rc = Elf64WriteProgHdr(hFile, PT_NOTE, PF_R,
367 offNoteSectionData, /* file offset to contents */
368 cbNoteSectionData, /* size in core file */
369 cbNoteSectionData, /* size in memory */
370 0); /* physical address */
371 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
372 {
373 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Elf64WritreProgHdr failed for PT_NOTE. rc=%Rrc\n", rc));
374 return rc;
375 }
376
377 /*
378 * Write PT_LOAD program header for each memory range.
379 */
380 Assert(RTFileTell(hFile) == offLoadSections);
381 uint64_t offMemRange = offMemory;
382 for (uint16_t iRange = 0; iRange < cMemRanges; iRange++)
383 {
384 RTGCPHYS GCPhysStart;
385 RTGCPHYS GCPhysEnd;
386 bool fIsMmio;
387 rc = PGMR3PhysGetRange(pVM, iRange, &GCPhysStart, &GCPhysEnd, NULL /* pszDesc */, &fIsMmio);
388 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
389 {
390 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": PGMR3PhysGetRange failed for iRange(%u) rc=%Rrc\n", iRange, rc));
391 return rc;
392 }
393
394 uint64_t cbMemRange = GCPhysEnd - GCPhysStart + 1;
395 uint64_t cbFileRange = fIsMmio ? 0 : cbMemRange;
396
397 Log((DBGFLOG_NAME ": PGMR3PhysGetRange iRange=%u GCPhysStart=%#x GCPhysEnd=%#x cbMemRange=%u\n",
398 iRange, GCPhysStart, GCPhysEnd, cbMemRange));
399
400 rc = Elf64WriteProgHdr(hFile, PT_LOAD, PF_R,
401 offMemRange, /* file offset to contents */
402 cbFileRange, /* size in core file */
403 cbMemRange, /* size in memory */
404 GCPhysStart); /* physical address */
405 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
406 {
407 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Elf64WriteProgHdr failed for memory range(%u) cbFileRange=%u cbMemRange=%u rc=%Rrc\n",
408 iRange, cbFileRange, cbMemRange, rc));
409 return rc;
410 }
411
412 offMemRange += cbFileRange;
413 }
414
415 /*
416 * Write the Core descriptor note header and data.
417 */
418 Assert(RTFileTell(hFile) == offCoreDescriptor);
419 rc = Elf64WriteNoteHdr(hFile, NT_VBOXCORE, s_pcszCoreVBoxCore, &CoreDescriptor, sizeof(CoreDescriptor));
420 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
421 {
422 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Elf64WriteNoteHdr failed for Note '%s' rc=%Rrc\n", s_pcszCoreVBoxCore, rc));
423 return rc;
424 }
425
426 /*
427 * Write the CPU context note headers and data.
428 */
429 Assert(RTFileTell(hFile) == offCpuDumps);
430 for (uint32_t iCpu = 0; iCpu < pVM->cCpus; iCpu++)
431 {
432 PCPUMCTX pCpuCtx = &pVM->aCpus[iCpu].cpum.s.Guest;
433 rc = Elf64WriteNoteHdr(hFile, NT_VBOXCPU, s_pcszCoreVBoxCpu, pCpuCtx, sizeof(CPUMCTX));
434 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
435 {
436 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Elf64WriteNoteHdr failed for vCPU[%u] rc=%Rrc\n", iCpu, rc));
437 return rc;
438 }
439 }
440
441 /*
442 * Write memory ranges.
443 */
444 Assert(RTFileTell(hFile) == offMemory);
445 for (uint16_t iRange = 0; iRange < cMemRanges; iRange++)
446 {
447 RTGCPHYS GCPhysStart;
448 RTGCPHYS GCPhysEnd;
449 bool fIsMmio;
450 rc = PGMR3PhysGetRange(pVM, iRange, &GCPhysStart, &GCPhysEnd, NULL /* pszDesc */, &fIsMmio);
451 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
452 {
453 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": PGMR3PhysGetRange(2) failed for iRange(%u) rc=%Rrc\n", iRange, rc));
454 return rc;
455 }
456
457 if (fIsMmio)
458 continue;
459
460 /*
461 * Write page-by-page of this memory range.
462 *
463 * The read function may fail on MMIO ranges, we write these as zero
464 * pages for now (would be nice to have the VGA bits there though).
465 */
466 uint64_t cbMemRange = GCPhysEnd - GCPhysStart + 1;
467 uint64_t cPages = cbMemRange >> PAGE_SHIFT;
468 for (uint64_t iPage = 0; iPage < cPages; iPage++)
469 {
470 uint8_t abPage[PAGE_SIZE];
471 rc = PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys(pVM, abPage, GCPhysStart + (iPage << PAGE_SHIFT), sizeof(abPage));
472 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
473 {
474 if (rc != VERR_PGM_PHYS_PAGE_RESERVED)
475 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": PGMPhysRead failed for iRange=%u iPage=%u. rc=%Rrc. Ignoring...\n", iRange, iPage, rc));
476 RT_ZERO(abPage);
477 }
478
479 rc = RTFileWrite(hFile, abPage, sizeof(abPage), NULL /* all */);
480 if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
481 {
482 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": RTFileWrite failed. iRange=%u iPage=%u rc=%Rrc\n", iRange, iPage, rc));
483 return rc;
484 }
485 }
486 }
487
488 return rc;
489}
490
491
492/**
493 * EMT Rendezvous worker function for DBGFR3CoreWrite.
494 *
495 * @param pVM Pointer to the VM.
496 * @param pVCpu The handle of the calling VCPU.
497 * @param pvData Opaque data.
498 *
499 * @return VBox status code.
500 */
501static DECLCALLBACK(VBOXSTRICTRC) dbgfR3CoreWriteRendezvous(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, void *pvData)
502{
503 /*
504 * Validate input.
505 */
506 AssertReturn(pVM, VERR_INVALID_VM_HANDLE);
507 AssertReturn(pVCpu, VERR_INVALID_VMCPU_HANDLE);
508 AssertReturn(pvData, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
509
510 PDBGFCOREDATA pDbgfData = (PDBGFCOREDATA)pvData;
511
512 /*
513 * Create the core file.
514 */
515 uint32_t fFlags = (pDbgfData->fReplaceFile ? RTFILE_O_CREATE_REPLACE : RTFILE_O_CREATE)
516 | RTFILE_O_WRITE
517 | RTFILE_O_DENY_ALL
518 | (0600 << RTFILE_O_CREATE_MODE_SHIFT);
519 RTFILE hFile;
520 int rc = RTFileOpen(&hFile, pDbgfData->pszFilename, fFlags);
521 if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
522 {
523 rc = dbgfR3CoreWriteWorker(pVM, hFile);
524 RTFileClose(hFile);
525 }
526 else
527 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": RTFileOpen failed for '%s' rc=%Rrc\n", pDbgfData->pszFilename, rc));
528 return rc;
529}
530
531
532/**
533 * Write core dump of the guest.
534 *
535 * @returns VBox status code.
536 * @param pVM Pointer to the VM.
537 * @param pszFilename The name of the file to which the guest core
538 * dump should be written.
539 * @param fReplaceFile Whether to replace the file or not.
540 *
541 * @remarks The VM should be suspended before calling this function or DMA may
542 * interfer with the state.
543 */
544VMMR3DECL(int) DBGFR3CoreWrite(PVM pVM, const char *pszFilename, bool fReplaceFile)
545{
546 VM_ASSERT_VALID_EXT_RETURN(pVM, VERR_INVALID_VM_HANDLE);
547 AssertReturn(pszFilename, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
548
549 /*
550 * Pass the core write request down to EMT rendezvous which makes sure
551 * other EMTs, if any, are not running. IO threads could still be running
552 * but we don't care about them.
553 */
554 DBGFCOREDATA CoreData;
555 RT_ZERO(CoreData);
556 CoreData.pszFilename = pszFilename;
557 CoreData.fReplaceFile = fReplaceFile;
558
559 int rc = VMMR3EmtRendezvous(pVM, VMMEMTRENDEZVOUS_FLAGS_TYPE_ONCE, dbgfR3CoreWriteRendezvous, &CoreData);
560 if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
561 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Successfully wrote guest core dump '%s'\n", pszFilename));
562 else
563 LogRel((DBGFLOG_NAME ": Failed to write guest core dump '%s'. rc=%Rrc\n", pszFilename, rc));
564 return rc;
565}
566
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