source: vbox/trunk/src/VBox/VMM/VMMAll/IEMAll.cpp@ 94620

/* $Id: IEMAll.cpp 94440 2022-04-01 14:32:23Z vboxsync $ */
/** @file
 * IEM - Interpreted Execution Manager - All Contexts.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Oracle Corporation
 *
 * This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
 * available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
 * you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
 * General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
 * hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
 */


/** @page pg_iem    IEM - Interpreted Execution Manager
 *
 * The interpreted exeuction manager (IEM) is for executing short guest code
 * sequences that are causing too many exits / virtualization traps.  It will
 * also be used to interpret single instructions, thus replacing the selective
 * interpreters in EM and IOM.
 *
 * Design goals:
 *      - Relatively small footprint, although we favour speed and correctness
 *        over size.
 *      - Reasonably fast.
 *      - Correctly handle lock prefixed instructions.
 *      - Complete instruction set - eventually.
 *      - Refactorable into a recompiler, maybe.
 *      - Replace EMInterpret*.
 *
 * Using the existing disassembler has been considered, however this is thought
 * to conflict with speed as the disassembler chews things a bit too much while
 * leaving us with a somewhat complicated state to interpret afterwards.
 *
 *
 * The current code is very much work in progress. You've been warned!
 *
 *
 * @section sec_iem_fpu_instr   FPU Instructions
 *
 * On x86 and AMD64 hosts, the FPU instructions are implemented by executing the
 * same or equivalent instructions on the host FPU.  To make life easy, we also
 * let the FPU prioritize the unmasked exceptions for us.  This however, only
 * works reliably when CR0.NE is set, i.e. when using \#MF instead the IRQ 13
 * for FPU exception delivery, because with CR0.NE=0 there is a window where we
 * can trigger spurious FPU exceptions.
 *
 * The guest FPU state is not loaded into the host CPU and kept there till we
 * leave IEM because the calling conventions have declared an all year open
 * season on much of the FPU state.  For instance an innocent looking call to
 * memcpy might end up using a whole bunch of XMM or MM registers if the
 * particular implementation finds it worthwhile.
 *
 *
 * @section sec_iem_logging     Logging
 *
 * The IEM code uses the \"IEM\" log group for the main logging. The different
 * logging levels/flags are generally used for the following purposes:
 *      - Level 1 (Log) : Errors, exceptions, interrupts and such major events.
 *      - Flow (LogFlow): Basic enter/exit IEM state info.
 *      - Level 2 (Log2): ?
 *      - Level 3 (Log3): More detailed enter/exit IEM state info.
 *      - Level 4 (Log4): Decoding mnemonics w/ EIP.
 *      - Level 5 (Log5): Decoding details.
 *      - Level 6 (Log6): Enables/disables the lockstep comparison with REM.
 *      - Level 7 (Log7): iret++ execution logging.
 *      - Level 8 (Log8): Memory writes.
 *      - Level 9 (Log9): Memory reads.
 *
 */

//#define IEM_LOG_MEMORY_WRITES
#define IEM_IMPLEMENTS_TASKSWITCH

/* Disabled warning C4505: 'iemRaisePageFaultJmp' : unreferenced local function has been removed */
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(disable:4505)
#endif


/*********************************************************************************************************************************
*   Header Files                                                                                                                 *
*********************************************************************************************************************************/
#define LOG_GROUP   LOG_GROUP_IEM
#define VMCPU_INCL_CPUM_GST_CTX
#include <VBox/vmm/iem.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/cpum.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/apic.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/pdm.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/pgm.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/iom.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/em.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/hm.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/nem.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/gim.h>
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM
# include <VBox/vmm/em.h>
# include <VBox/vmm/hm_svm.h>
#endif
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
# include <VBox/vmm/hmvmxinline.h>
#endif
#include <VBox/vmm/tm.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/dbgf.h>
#include <VBox/vmm/dbgftrace.h>
#include "IEMInternal.h"
#include <VBox/vmm/vmcc.h>
#include <VBox/log.h>
#include <VBox/err.h>
#include <VBox/param.h>
#include <VBox/dis.h>
#include <VBox/disopcode.h>
#include <iprt/asm-math.h>
#include <iprt/assert.h>
#include <iprt/string.h>
#include <iprt/x86.h>


/*********************************************************************************************************************************
*   Structures and Typedefs                                                                                                      *
*********************************************************************************************************************************/
/** @typedef PFNIEMOP
 * Pointer to an opcode decoder function.
 */

/** @def FNIEMOP_DEF
 * Define an opcode decoder function.
 *
 * We're using macors for this so that adding and removing parameters as well as
 * tweaking compiler specific attributes becomes easier.  See FNIEMOP_CALL
 *
 * @param   a_Name      The function name.
 */

/** @typedef PFNIEMOPRM
 * Pointer to an opcode decoder function with RM byte.
 */

/** @def FNIEMOPRM_DEF
 * Define an opcode decoder function with RM byte.
 *
 * We're using macors for this so that adding and removing parameters as well as
 * tweaking compiler specific attributes becomes easier.  See FNIEMOP_CALL_1
 *
 * @param   a_Name      The function name.
 */

#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
typedef VBOXSTRICTRC (__attribute__((__fastcall__)) * PFNIEMOP)(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
typedef VBOXSTRICTRC (__attribute__((__fastcall__)) * PFNIEMOPRM)(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t bRm);
# define FNIEMOP_DEF(a_Name) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC __attribute__((__fastcall__, __nothrow__)) a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
# define FNIEMOP_DEF_1(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC __attribute__((__fastcall__, __nothrow__)) a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, a_Type0 a_Name0)
# define FNIEMOP_DEF_2(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0, a_Type1, a_Name1) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC __attribute__((__fastcall__, __nothrow__)) a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, a_Type0 a_Name0, a_Type1 a_Name1)

#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
typedef VBOXSTRICTRC (__fastcall * PFNIEMOP)(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
typedef VBOXSTRICTRC (__fastcall * PFNIEMOPRM)(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t bRm);
# define FNIEMOP_DEF(a_Name) \
    IEM_STATIC /*__declspec(naked)*/ VBOXSTRICTRC __fastcall a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu) RT_NO_THROW_DEF
# define FNIEMOP_DEF_1(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0) \
    IEM_STATIC /*__declspec(naked)*/ VBOXSTRICTRC __fastcall a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, a_Type0 a_Name0) RT_NO_THROW_DEF
# define FNIEMOP_DEF_2(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0, a_Type1, a_Name1) \
    IEM_STATIC /*__declspec(naked)*/ VBOXSTRICTRC __fastcall a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, a_Type0 a_Name0, a_Type1 a_Name1) RT_NO_THROW_DEF

#elif defined(__GNUC__)
typedef VBOXSTRICTRC (* PFNIEMOP)(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
typedef VBOXSTRICTRC (* PFNIEMOPRM)(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t bRm);
# define FNIEMOP_DEF(a_Name) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC __attribute__((__nothrow__)) a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
# define FNIEMOP_DEF_1(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC __attribute__((__nothrow__)) a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, a_Type0 a_Name0)
# define FNIEMOP_DEF_2(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0, a_Type1, a_Name1) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC __attribute__((__nothrow__)) a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, a_Type0 a_Name0, a_Type1 a_Name1)

#else
typedef VBOXSTRICTRC (* PFNIEMOP)(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
typedef VBOXSTRICTRC (* PFNIEMOPRM)(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t bRm);
# define FNIEMOP_DEF(a_Name) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu) RT_NO_THROW_DEF
# define FNIEMOP_DEF_1(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, a_Type0 a_Name0) RT_NO_THROW_DEF
# define FNIEMOP_DEF_2(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0, a_Type1, a_Name1) \
    IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC a_Name(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, a_Type0 a_Name0, a_Type1 a_Name1) RT_NO_THROW_DEF

#endif
#define FNIEMOPRM_DEF(a_Name) FNIEMOP_DEF_1(a_Name, uint8_t, bRm)


/**
 * Selector descriptor table entry as fetched by iemMemFetchSelDesc.
 */
typedef union IEMSELDESC
{
    /** The legacy view. */
    X86DESC     Legacy;
    /** The long mode view. */
    X86DESC64   Long;
} IEMSELDESC;
/** Pointer to a selector descriptor table entry. */
typedef IEMSELDESC *PIEMSELDESC;

/**
 * CPU exception classes.
 */
typedef enum IEMXCPTCLASS
{
    IEMXCPTCLASS_BENIGN,
    IEMXCPTCLASS_CONTRIBUTORY,
    IEMXCPTCLASS_PAGE_FAULT,
    IEMXCPTCLASS_DOUBLE_FAULT
} IEMXCPTCLASS;


/*********************************************************************************************************************************
*   Defined Constants And Macros                                                                                                 *
*********************************************************************************************************************************/
/** @def IEM_WITH_SETJMP
 * Enables alternative status code handling using setjmps.
 *
 * This adds a bit of expense via the setjmp() call since it saves all the
 * non-volatile registers.  However, it eliminates return code checks and allows
 * for more optimal return value passing (return regs instead of stack buffer).
 */
#if defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING) || defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) || 1
# define IEM_WITH_SETJMP
#endif

/** Used to shut up GCC warnings about variables that 'may be used uninitialized'
 * due to GCC lacking knowledge about the value range of a switch. */
#define IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET() default: AssertFailedReturn(VERR_IPE_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE)

/** Variant of IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET that returns a custom value. */
#define IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET2(a_RetValue) default: AssertFailedReturn(a_RetValue)

/**
 * Returns IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, and in debug builds logs the
 * occation.
 */
#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
# define IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED() \
    do { \
        /*Log*/ LogAlways(("%s: returning IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED (line %d)\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__)); \
        return VERR_IEM_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED() \
    return VERR_IEM_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
#endif

/**
 * Returns IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, and in debug builds logs the
 * occation using the supplied logger statement.
 *
 * @param   a_LoggerArgs    What to log on failure.
 */
#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
# define IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_LOG(a_LoggerArgs) \
    do { \
        LogAlways((LOG_FN_FMT ": ", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__)); LogAlways(a_LoggerArgs); \
        /*LogFunc(a_LoggerArgs);*/ \
        return VERR_IEM_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_LOG(a_LoggerArgs) \
    return VERR_IEM_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
#endif

/**
 * Call an opcode decoder function.
 *
 * We're using macors for this so that adding and removing parameters can be
 * done as we please.  See FNIEMOP_DEF.
 */
#define FNIEMOP_CALL(a_pfn) (a_pfn)(pVCpu)

/**
 * Call a common opcode decoder function taking one extra argument.
 *
 * We're using macors for this so that adding and removing parameters can be
 * done as we please.  See FNIEMOP_DEF_1.
 */
#define FNIEMOP_CALL_1(a_pfn, a0)           (a_pfn)(pVCpu, a0)

/**
 * Call a common opcode decoder function taking one extra argument.
 *
 * We're using macors for this so that adding and removing parameters can be
 * done as we please.  See FNIEMOP_DEF_1.
 */
#define FNIEMOP_CALL_2(a_pfn, a0, a1)       (a_pfn)(pVCpu, a0, a1)

/**
 * Check if we're currently executing in real or virtual 8086 mode.
 *
 * @returns @c true if it is, @c false if not.
 * @param   a_pVCpu         The IEM state of the current CPU.
 */
#define IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(a_pVCpu)    (CPUMIsGuestInRealOrV86ModeEx(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu)))

/**
 * Check if we're currently executing in virtual 8086 mode.
 *
 * @returns @c true if it is, @c false if not.
 * @param   a_pVCpu         The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
#define IEM_IS_V86_MODE(a_pVCpu)            (CPUMIsGuestInV86ModeEx(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu)))

/**
 * Check if we're currently executing in long mode.
 *
 * @returns @c true if it is, @c false if not.
 * @param   a_pVCpu         The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
#define IEM_IS_LONG_MODE(a_pVCpu)           (CPUMIsGuestInLongModeEx(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu)))

/**
 * Check if we're currently executing in a 64-bit code segment.
 *
 * @returns @c true if it is, @c false if not.
 * @param   a_pVCpu         The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
#define IEM_IS_64BIT_CODE(a_pVCpu)          (CPUMIsGuestIn64BitCodeEx(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu)))

/**
 * Check if we're currently executing in real mode.
 *
 * @returns @c true if it is, @c false if not.
 * @param   a_pVCpu         The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
#define IEM_IS_REAL_MODE(a_pVCpu)           (CPUMIsGuestInRealModeEx(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu)))

/**
 * Returns a (const) pointer to the CPUMFEATURES for the guest CPU.
 * @returns PCCPUMFEATURES
 * @param   a_pVCpu         The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
#define IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(a_pVCpu) (&((a_pVCpu)->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->cpum.ro.GuestFeatures))

/**
 * Returns a (const) pointer to the CPUMFEATURES for the host CPU.
 * @returns PCCPUMFEATURES
 * @param   a_pVCpu         The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
#define IEM_GET_HOST_CPU_FEATURES(a_pVCpu)  (&((a_pVCpu)->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->cpum.ro.HostFeatures))

/**
 * Evaluates to true if we're presenting an Intel CPU to the guest.
 */
#define IEM_IS_GUEST_CPU_INTEL(a_pVCpu)     ( (a_pVCpu)->iem.s.enmCpuVendor == CPUMCPUVENDOR_INTEL )

/**
 * Evaluates to true if we're presenting an AMD CPU to the guest.
 */
#define IEM_IS_GUEST_CPU_AMD(a_pVCpu)       ( (a_pVCpu)->iem.s.enmCpuVendor == CPUMCPUVENDOR_AMD || (a_pVCpu)->iem.s.enmCpuVendor == CPUMCPUVENDOR_HYGON )

/**
 * Check if the address is canonical.
 */
#define IEM_IS_CANONICAL(a_u64Addr)         X86_IS_CANONICAL(a_u64Addr)

/**
 * Gets the effective VEX.VVVV value.
 *
 * The 4th bit is ignored if not 64-bit code.
 * @returns effective V-register value.
 * @param   a_pVCpu         The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
#define IEM_GET_EFFECTIVE_VVVV(a_pVCpu) \
    ((a_pVCpu)->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT ? (a_pVCpu)->iem.s.uVex3rdReg : (a_pVCpu)->iem.s.uVex3rdReg & 7)

/** @def IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
 * Use unaligned accesses instead of elaborate byte assembly. */
#if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || defined(RT_ARCH_X86) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
#endif

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX

/**
 * Check if the guest has entered VMX root operation.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_IS_ROOT_MODE(a_pVCpu)      (CPUMIsGuestInVmxRootMode(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu)))

/**
 * Check if the guest has entered VMX non-root operation.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_IS_NON_ROOT_MODE(a_pVCpu)  (CPUMIsGuestInVmxNonRootMode(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu)))

/**
 * Check if the nested-guest has the given Pin-based VM-execution control set.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_IS_PINCTLS_SET(a_pVCpu, a_PinCtl) \
    (CPUMIsGuestVmxPinCtlsSet(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_PinCtl)))

/**
 * Check if the nested-guest has the given Processor-based VM-execution control set.
 */
#define IEM_VMX_IS_PROCCTLS_SET(a_pVCpu, a_ProcCtl) \
    (CPUMIsGuestVmxProcCtlsSet(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_ProcCtl)))

/**
 * Check if the nested-guest has the given Secondary Processor-based VM-execution
 * control set.
 */
#define IEM_VMX_IS_PROCCTLS2_SET(a_pVCpu, a_ProcCtl2) \
    (CPUMIsGuestVmxProcCtls2Set(IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_ProcCtl2)))

/**
 * Invokes the VMX VM-exit handler for an instruction intercept.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_INSTR_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitReason, a_cbInstr) \
    do { return iemVmxVmexitInstr((a_pVCpu), (a_uExitReason), (a_cbInstr)); } while (0)

/**
 * Invokes the VMX VM-exit handler for an instruction intercept where the
 * instruction provides additional VM-exit information.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_INSTR_NEEDS_INFO_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitReason, a_uInstrId, a_cbInstr) \
    do { return iemVmxVmexitInstrNeedsInfo((a_pVCpu), (a_uExitReason), (a_uInstrId), (a_cbInstr)); } while (0)

/**
 * Invokes the VMX VM-exit handler for a task switch.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_TASK_SWITCH_RET(a_pVCpu, a_enmTaskSwitch, a_SelNewTss, a_cbInstr) \
    do { return iemVmxVmexitTaskSwitch((a_pVCpu), (a_enmTaskSwitch), (a_SelNewTss), (a_cbInstr)); } while (0)

/**
 * Invokes the VMX VM-exit handler for MWAIT.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_MWAIT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_fMonitorArmed, a_cbInstr) \
    do { return iemVmxVmexitInstrMwait((a_pVCpu), (a_fMonitorArmed), (a_cbInstr)); } while (0)

/**
 * Invokes the VMX VM-exit handler for EPT faults.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_pPtWalk, a_fAccess, a_fSlatFail, a_cbInstr) \
    do { return iemVmxVmexitEpt(a_pVCpu, a_pPtWalk, a_fAccess, a_fSlatFail, a_cbInstr); } while (0)

/**
 * Invokes the VMX VM-exit handler.
 */
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_TRIPLE_FAULT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitReason, a_uExitQual) \
    do { return iemVmxVmexit((a_pVCpu), (a_uExitReason), (a_uExitQual)); } while (0)

#else
# define IEM_VMX_IS_ROOT_MODE(a_pVCpu)                                          (false)
# define IEM_VMX_IS_NON_ROOT_MODE(a_pVCpu)                                      (false)
# define IEM_VMX_IS_PINCTLS_SET(a_pVCpu, a_cbInstr)                             (false)
# define IEM_VMX_IS_PROCCTLS_SET(a_pVCpu, a_cbInstr)                            (false)
# define IEM_VMX_IS_PROCCTLS2_SET(a_pVCpu, a_cbInstr)                           (false)
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_INSTR_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitReason, a_cbInstr)            do { return VERR_VMX_IPE_1; } while (0)
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_INSTR_NEEDS_INFO_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitReason, a_uInstrId, a_cbInstr)  do { return VERR_VMX_IPE_1; } while (0)
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_TASK_SWITCH_RET(a_pVCpu, a_enmTaskSwitch, a_SelNewTss, a_cbInstr)    do { return VERR_VMX_IPE_1; } while (0)
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_MWAIT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_fMonitorArmed, a_cbInstr)          do { return VERR_VMX_IPE_1; } while (0)
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_pPtWalk, a_fAccess, a_fSlatFail, a_cbInstr)       do { return VERR_VMX_IPE_1; } while (0)
# define IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_TRIPLE_FAULT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitReason, a_uExitQual)   do { return VERR_VMX_IPE_1; } while (0)

#endif

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM
/**
 * Check if an SVM control/instruction intercept is set.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_IS_CTRL_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_Intercept) \
    (CPUMIsGuestSvmCtrlInterceptSet(a_pVCpu, IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_Intercept)))

/**
 * Check if an SVM read CRx intercept is set.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_IS_READ_CR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uCr) \
    (CPUMIsGuestSvmReadCRxInterceptSet(a_pVCpu, IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_uCr)))

/**
 * Check if an SVM write CRx intercept is set.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_IS_WRITE_CR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uCr) \
    (CPUMIsGuestSvmWriteCRxInterceptSet(a_pVCpu, IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_uCr)))

/**
 * Check if an SVM read DRx intercept is set.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_IS_READ_DR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uDr) \
    (CPUMIsGuestSvmReadDRxInterceptSet(a_pVCpu, IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_uDr)))

/**
 * Check if an SVM write DRx intercept is set.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_IS_WRITE_DR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uDr) \
    (CPUMIsGuestSvmWriteDRxInterceptSet(a_pVCpu, IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_uDr)))

/**
 * Check if an SVM exception intercept is set.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_IS_XCPT_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uVector) \
    (CPUMIsGuestSvmXcptInterceptSet(a_pVCpu, IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), (a_uVector)))

/**
 * Invokes the SVM \#VMEXIT handler for the nested-guest.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_VMEXIT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitCode, a_uExitInfo1, a_uExitInfo2) \
    do { return iemSvmVmexit((a_pVCpu), (a_uExitCode), (a_uExitInfo1), (a_uExitInfo2)); } while (0)

/**
 * Invokes the 'MOV CRx' SVM \#VMEXIT handler after constructing the
 * corresponding decode assist information.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_CRX_VMEXIT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitCode, a_enmAccessCrX, a_iGReg) \
    do \
    { \
        uint64_t uExitInfo1; \
        if (   IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(a_pVCpu)->fSvmDecodeAssists \
            && (a_enmAccessCrX) == IEMACCESSCRX_MOV_CRX) \
            uExitInfo1 = SVM_EXIT1_MOV_CRX_MASK | ((a_iGReg) & 7); \
        else \
            uExitInfo1 = 0; \
        IEM_SVM_VMEXIT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitCode, uExitInfo1, 0); \
    } while (0)

/** Check and handles SVM nested-guest instruction intercept and updates
 *  NRIP if needed.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_CHECK_INSTR_INTERCEPT(a_pVCpu, a_Intercept, a_uExitCode, a_uExitInfo1, a_uExitInfo2) \
    do \
    { \
        if (IEM_SVM_IS_CTRL_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_Intercept)) \
        { \
            IEM_SVM_UPDATE_NRIP(a_pVCpu); \
            IEM_SVM_VMEXIT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitCode, a_uExitInfo1, a_uExitInfo2); \
        } \
    } while (0)

/** Checks and handles SVM nested-guest CR0 read intercept. */
# define IEM_SVM_CHECK_READ_CR0_INTERCEPT(a_pVCpu, a_uExitInfo1, a_uExitInfo2) \
    do \
    { \
        if (!IEM_SVM_IS_READ_CR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, 0)) \
        { /* probably likely */ } \
        else \
        { \
            IEM_SVM_UPDATE_NRIP(a_pVCpu); \
            IEM_SVM_VMEXIT_RET(a_pVCpu, SVM_EXIT_READ_CR0, a_uExitInfo1, a_uExitInfo2); \
        } \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Updates the NextRIP (NRI) field in the nested-guest VMCB.
 */
# define IEM_SVM_UPDATE_NRIP(a_pVCpu) \
    do { \
        if (IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(a_pVCpu)->fSvmNextRipSave) \
            CPUMGuestSvmUpdateNRip(a_pVCpu, IEM_GET_CTX(a_pVCpu), IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(a_pVCpu)); \
    } while (0)

#else
# define IEM_SVM_IS_CTRL_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_Intercept)                              (false)
# define IEM_SVM_IS_READ_CR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uCr)                                 (false)
# define IEM_SVM_IS_WRITE_CR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uCr)                                (false)
# define IEM_SVM_IS_READ_DR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uDr)                                 (false)
# define IEM_SVM_IS_WRITE_DR_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uDr)                                (false)
# define IEM_SVM_IS_XCPT_INTERCEPT_SET(a_pVCpu, a_uVector)                                (false)
# define IEM_SVM_VMEXIT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitCode, a_uExitInfo1, a_uExitInfo2)             do { return VERR_SVM_IPE_1; } while (0)
# define IEM_SVM_CRX_VMEXIT_RET(a_pVCpu, a_uExitCode, a_enmAccessCrX, a_iGReg)            do { return VERR_SVM_IPE_1; } while (0)
# define IEM_SVM_CHECK_INSTR_INTERCEPT(a_pVCpu, a_Intercept, a_uExitCode, a_uExitInfo1, a_uExitInfo2)   do { } while (0)
# define IEM_SVM_CHECK_READ_CR0_INTERCEPT(a_pVCpu, a_uExitInfo1, a_uExitInfo2)                          do { } while (0)
# define IEM_SVM_UPDATE_NRIP(a_pVCpu)                                                     do { } while (0)

#endif


/*********************************************************************************************************************************
*   Global Variables                                                                                                             *
*********************************************************************************************************************************/
extern const PFNIEMOP g_apfnOneByteMap[256]; /* not static since we need to forward declare it. */


/** Function table for the ADD instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_add =
{
    iemAImpl_add_u8,  iemAImpl_add_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_add_u16, iemAImpl_add_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_add_u32, iemAImpl_add_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_add_u64, iemAImpl_add_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the ADC instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_adc =
{
    iemAImpl_adc_u8,  iemAImpl_adc_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_adc_u16, iemAImpl_adc_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_adc_u32, iemAImpl_adc_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_adc_u64, iemAImpl_adc_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the SUB instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_sub =
{
    iemAImpl_sub_u8,  iemAImpl_sub_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_sub_u16, iemAImpl_sub_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_sub_u32, iemAImpl_sub_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_sub_u64, iemAImpl_sub_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the SBB instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_sbb =
{
    iemAImpl_sbb_u8,  iemAImpl_sbb_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_sbb_u16, iemAImpl_sbb_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_sbb_u32, iemAImpl_sbb_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_sbb_u64, iemAImpl_sbb_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the OR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_or =
{
    iemAImpl_or_u8,  iemAImpl_or_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_or_u16, iemAImpl_or_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_or_u32, iemAImpl_or_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_or_u64, iemAImpl_or_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the XOR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_xor =
{
    iemAImpl_xor_u8,  iemAImpl_xor_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_xor_u16, iemAImpl_xor_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_xor_u32, iemAImpl_xor_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_xor_u64, iemAImpl_xor_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the AND instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_and =
{
    iemAImpl_and_u8,  iemAImpl_and_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_and_u16, iemAImpl_and_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_and_u32, iemAImpl_and_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_and_u64, iemAImpl_and_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the CMP instruction.
 * @remarks Making operand order ASSUMPTIONS.
 */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_cmp =
{
    iemAImpl_cmp_u8,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_cmp_u16, NULL,
    iemAImpl_cmp_u32, NULL,
    iemAImpl_cmp_u64, NULL
};

/** Function table for the TEST instruction.
 * @remarks Making operand order ASSUMPTIONS.
 */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_test =
{
    iemAImpl_test_u8,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_test_u16, NULL,
    iemAImpl_test_u32, NULL,
    iemAImpl_test_u64, NULL
};

/** Function table for the BT instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_bt =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_bt_u16, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bt_u32, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bt_u64, NULL
};

/** Function table for the BTC instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_btc =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_btc_u16, iemAImpl_btc_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_btc_u32, iemAImpl_btc_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_btc_u64, iemAImpl_btc_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the BTR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_btr =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_btr_u16, iemAImpl_btr_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_btr_u32, iemAImpl_btr_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_btr_u64, iemAImpl_btr_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the BTS instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_bts =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_bts_u16, iemAImpl_bts_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_bts_u32, iemAImpl_bts_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_bts_u64, iemAImpl_bts_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the BSF instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_bsf =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u16, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u32, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u64, NULL
};

/** Function table for the BSF instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_bsf_amd =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u16_amd, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u32_amd, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u64_amd, NULL
};

/** Function table for the BSF instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_bsf_intel =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u16_intel, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u32_intel, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsf_u64_intel, NULL
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the BSF instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_bsf_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_bsf,
    &g_iemAImpl_bsf_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_bsf_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_bsf,
};

/** Function table for the BSR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_bsr =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u16, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u32, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u64, NULL
};

/** Function table for the BSR instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_bsr_amd =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u16_amd, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u32_amd, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u64_amd, NULL
};

/** Function table for the BSR instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_bsr_intel =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u16_intel, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u32_intel, NULL,
    iemAImpl_bsr_u64_intel, NULL
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the BSR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_bsr_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_bsr,
    &g_iemAImpl_bsr_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_bsr_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_bsr,
};

/** Function table for the IMUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_imul_two =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u16, NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u32, NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u64, NULL
};

/** Function table for the IMUL instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_imul_two_amd =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u16_amd, NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u32_amd, NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u64_amd, NULL
};

/** Function table for the IMUL instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES g_iemAImpl_imul_two_intel =
{
    NULL,  NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u16_intel, NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u32_intel, NULL,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u64_intel, NULL
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the IMUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPBINSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_imul_two_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_imul_two,
    &g_iemAImpl_imul_two_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_imul_two_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_imul_two,
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the 16-bit IMUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC PFNIEMAIMPLBINU16 const g_iemAImpl_imul_two_u16_eflags[] =
{
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u16,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u16,
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the 32-bit IMUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC PFNIEMAIMPLBINU32 const g_iemAImpl_imul_two_u32_eflags[] =
{
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u32,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u32,
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the 64-bit IMUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC PFNIEMAIMPLBINU64 const g_iemAImpl_imul_two_u64_eflags[] =
{
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u64,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u64_intel,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u64_amd,
    iemAImpl_imul_two_u64,
};

/** Group 1 /r lookup table. */
IEM_STATIC const PCIEMOPBINSIZES g_apIemImplGrp1[8] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_add,
    &g_iemAImpl_or,
    &g_iemAImpl_adc,
    &g_iemAImpl_sbb,
    &g_iemAImpl_and,
    &g_iemAImpl_sub,
    &g_iemAImpl_xor,
    &g_iemAImpl_cmp
};

/** Function table for the INC instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPUNARYSIZES g_iemAImpl_inc =
{
    iemAImpl_inc_u8,  iemAImpl_inc_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_inc_u16, iemAImpl_inc_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_inc_u32, iemAImpl_inc_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_inc_u64, iemAImpl_inc_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the DEC instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPUNARYSIZES g_iemAImpl_dec =
{
    iemAImpl_dec_u8,  iemAImpl_dec_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_dec_u16, iemAImpl_dec_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_dec_u32, iemAImpl_dec_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_dec_u64, iemAImpl_dec_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the NEG instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPUNARYSIZES g_iemAImpl_neg =
{
    iemAImpl_neg_u8,  iemAImpl_neg_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_neg_u16, iemAImpl_neg_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_neg_u32, iemAImpl_neg_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_neg_u64, iemAImpl_neg_u64_locked
};

/** Function table for the NOT instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPUNARYSIZES g_iemAImpl_not =
{
    iemAImpl_not_u8,  iemAImpl_not_u8_locked,
    iemAImpl_not_u16, iemAImpl_not_u16_locked,
    iemAImpl_not_u32, iemAImpl_not_u32_locked,
    iemAImpl_not_u64, iemAImpl_not_u64_locked
};


/** Function table for the ROL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rol =
{
    iemAImpl_rol_u8,
    iemAImpl_rol_u16,
    iemAImpl_rol_u32,
    iemAImpl_rol_u64
};

/** Function table for the ROL instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rol_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_rol_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_rol_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_rol_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_rol_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the ROL instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rol_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_rol_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_rol_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_rol_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_rol_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the ROL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_rol_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_rol,
    &g_iemAImpl_rol_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_rol_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_rol,
};


/** Function table for the ROR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_ror =
{
    iemAImpl_ror_u8,
    iemAImpl_ror_u16,
    iemAImpl_ror_u32,
    iemAImpl_ror_u64
};

/** Function table for the ROR instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_ror_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_ror_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_ror_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_ror_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_ror_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the ROR instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_ror_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_ror_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_ror_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_ror_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_ror_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the ROR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_ror_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_ror,
    &g_iemAImpl_ror_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_ror_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_ror,
};


/** Function table for the RCL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rcl =
{
    iemAImpl_rcl_u8,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u16,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u32,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u64
};

/** Function table for the RCL instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rcl_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_rcl_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the RCL instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rcl_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_rcl_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_rcl_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the RCL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_rcl_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_rcl,
    &g_iemAImpl_rcl_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_rcl_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_rcl,
};


/** Function table for the RCR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rcr =
{
    iemAImpl_rcr_u8,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u16,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u32,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u64
};

/** Function table for the RCR instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rcr_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_rcr_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the RCR instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_rcr_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_rcr_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_rcr_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the RCR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_rcr_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_rcr,
    &g_iemAImpl_rcr_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_rcr_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_rcr,
};


/** Function table for the SHL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_shl =
{
    iemAImpl_shl_u8,
    iemAImpl_shl_u16,
    iemAImpl_shl_u32,
    iemAImpl_shl_u64
};

/** Function table for the SHL instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_shl_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_shl_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_shl_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_shl_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_shl_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the SHL instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_shl_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_shl_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_shl_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_shl_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_shl_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the SHL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_shl_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_shl,
    &g_iemAImpl_shl_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_shl_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_shl,
};


/** Function table for the SHR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_shr =
{
    iemAImpl_shr_u8,
    iemAImpl_shr_u16,
    iemAImpl_shr_u32,
    iemAImpl_shr_u64
};

/** Function table for the SHR instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_shr_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_shr_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_shr_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_shr_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_shr_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the SHR instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_shr_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_shr_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_shr_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_shr_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_shr_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the SHR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_shr_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_shr,
    &g_iemAImpl_shr_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_shr_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_shr,
};


/** Function table for the SAR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_sar =
{
    iemAImpl_sar_u8,
    iemAImpl_sar_u16,
    iemAImpl_sar_u32,
    iemAImpl_sar_u64
};

/** Function table for the SAR instruction, AMD EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_sar_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_sar_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_sar_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_sar_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_sar_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the SAR instruction, Intel EFLAGS variant. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES g_iemAImpl_sar_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_sar_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_sar_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_sar_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_sar_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the SAR instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_sar_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_sar,
    &g_iemAImpl_sar_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_sar_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_sar,
};


/** Function table for the MUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_mul =
{
    iemAImpl_mul_u8,
    iemAImpl_mul_u16,
    iemAImpl_mul_u32,
    iemAImpl_mul_u64
};

/** Function table for the MUL instruction, AMD EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_mul_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_mul_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_mul_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_mul_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_mul_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the MUL instruction, Intel EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_mul_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_mul_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_mul_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_mul_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_mul_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the MUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_mul_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_mul,
    &g_iemAImpl_mul_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_mul_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_mul,
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the 8-bit MUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC PFNIEMAIMPLMULDIVU8 const g_iemAImpl_mul_u8_eflags[] =
{
    iemAImpl_mul_u8,
    iemAImpl_mul_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_mul_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_mul_u8
};


/** Function table for the IMUL instruction working implicitly on rAX. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_imul =
{
    iemAImpl_imul_u8,
    iemAImpl_imul_u16,
    iemAImpl_imul_u32,
    iemAImpl_imul_u64
};

/** Function table for the IMUL instruction working implicitly on rAX, AMD EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_imul_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_imul_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_imul_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_imul_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_imul_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the IMUL instruction working implicitly on rAX, Intel EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_imul_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_imul_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_imul_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_imul_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_imul_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the IMUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_imul_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_imul,
    &g_iemAImpl_imul_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_imul_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_imul,
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the 8-bit IMUL instruction. */
IEM_STATIC PFNIEMAIMPLMULDIVU8 const g_iemAImpl_imul_u8_eflags[] =
{
    iemAImpl_imul_u8,
    iemAImpl_imul_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_imul_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_imul_u8
};


/** Function table for the DIV instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_div =
{
    iemAImpl_div_u8,
    iemAImpl_div_u16,
    iemAImpl_div_u32,
    iemAImpl_div_u64
};

/** Function table for the DIV instruction, AMD EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_div_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_div_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_div_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_div_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_div_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the DIV instruction, Intel EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_div_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_div_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_div_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_div_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_div_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the DIV instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_div_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_div,
    &g_iemAImpl_div_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_div_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_div,
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the 8-bit DIV instruction. */
IEM_STATIC PFNIEMAIMPLMULDIVU8 const g_iemAImpl_div_u8_eflags[] =
{
    iemAImpl_div_u8,
    iemAImpl_div_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_div_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_div_u8
};


/** Function table for the IDIV instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_idiv =
{
    iemAImpl_idiv_u8,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u16,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u32,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u64
};

/** Function table for the IDIV instruction, AMD EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_idiv_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_idiv_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the IDIV instruction, Intel EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES g_iemAImpl_idiv_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_idiv_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the IDIV instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMULDIVSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_idiv_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_idiv,
    &g_iemAImpl_idiv_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_idiv_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_idiv,
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the 8-bit IDIV instruction. */
IEM_STATIC PFNIEMAIMPLMULDIVU8 const g_iemAImpl_idiv_u8_eflags[] =
{
    iemAImpl_idiv_u8,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u8_intel,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u8_amd,
    iemAImpl_idiv_u8
};


/** Function table for the SHLD instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTDBLSIZES g_iemAImpl_shld =
{
    iemAImpl_shld_u16,
    iemAImpl_shld_u32,
    iemAImpl_shld_u64,
};

/** Function table for the SHLD instruction, AMD EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTDBLSIZES g_iemAImpl_shld_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_shld_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_shld_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_shld_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the SHLD instruction, Intel EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTDBLSIZES g_iemAImpl_shld_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_shld_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_shld_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_shld_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the SHLD instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTDBLSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_shld_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_shld,
    &g_iemAImpl_shld_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_shld_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_shld
};

/** Function table for the SHRD instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTDBLSIZES g_iemAImpl_shrd =
{
    iemAImpl_shrd_u16,
    iemAImpl_shrd_u32,
    iemAImpl_shrd_u64
};

/** Function table for the SHRD instruction, AMD EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTDBLSIZES g_iemAImpl_shrd_amd =
{
    iemAImpl_shrd_u16_amd,
    iemAImpl_shrd_u32_amd,
    iemAImpl_shrd_u64_amd
};

/** Function table for the SHRD instruction, Intel EFLAGS variation. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTDBLSIZES g_iemAImpl_shrd_intel =
{
    iemAImpl_shrd_u16_intel,
    iemAImpl_shrd_u32_intel,
    iemAImpl_shrd_u64_intel
};

/** EFLAGS variation selection table for the SHRD instruction. */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPSHIFTDBLSIZES * const g_iemAImpl_shrd_eflags[] =
{
    &g_iemAImpl_shrd,
    &g_iemAImpl_shrd_intel,
    &g_iemAImpl_shrd_amd,
    &g_iemAImpl_shrd
};


/** Function table for the PUNPCKLBW instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF1L1 g_iemAImpl_punpcklbw  = { iemAImpl_punpcklbw_u64,  iemAImpl_punpcklbw_u128 };
/** Function table for the PUNPCKLBD instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF1L1 g_iemAImpl_punpcklwd  = { iemAImpl_punpcklwd_u64,  iemAImpl_punpcklwd_u128 };
/** Function table for the PUNPCKLDQ instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF1L1 g_iemAImpl_punpckldq  = { iemAImpl_punpckldq_u64,  iemAImpl_punpckldq_u128 };
/** Function table for the PUNPCKLQDQ instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF1L1 g_iemAImpl_punpcklqdq = { NULL, iemAImpl_punpcklqdq_u128 };

/** Function table for the PUNPCKHBW instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF1H1 g_iemAImpl_punpckhbw  = { iemAImpl_punpckhbw_u64,  iemAImpl_punpckhbw_u128 };
/** Function table for the PUNPCKHBD instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF1H1 g_iemAImpl_punpckhwd  = { iemAImpl_punpckhwd_u64,  iemAImpl_punpckhwd_u128 };
/** Function table for the PUNPCKHDQ instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF1H1 g_iemAImpl_punpckhdq  = { iemAImpl_punpckhdq_u64,  iemAImpl_punpckhdq_u128 };
/** Function table for the PUNPCKHQDQ instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF1H1 g_iemAImpl_punpckhqdq = { NULL, iemAImpl_punpckhqdq_u128 };

/** Function table for the PXOR instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF2 g_iemAImpl_pxor         = { iemAImpl_pxor_u64,       iemAImpl_pxor_u128 };
/** Function table for the PCMPEQB instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF2 g_iemAImpl_pcmpeqb      = { iemAImpl_pcmpeqb_u64,    iemAImpl_pcmpeqb_u128 };
/** Function table for the PCMPEQW instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF2 g_iemAImpl_pcmpeqw      = { iemAImpl_pcmpeqw_u64,    iemAImpl_pcmpeqw_u128 };
/** Function table for the PCMPEQD instruction */
IEM_STATIC const IEMOPMEDIAF2 g_iemAImpl_pcmpeqd      = { iemAImpl_pcmpeqd_u64,    iemAImpl_pcmpeqd_u128 };


#if defined(IEM_LOG_MEMORY_WRITES)
/** What IEM just wrote. */
uint8_t g_abIemWrote[256];
/** How much IEM just wrote. */
size_t g_cbIemWrote;
#endif


/*********************************************************************************************************************************
*   Internal Functions                                                                                                           *
*********************************************************************************************************************************/
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uErr);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultCurrentTSS(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseTaskSwitchFault0(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uSel);
/*IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseSelectorNotPresent(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg, uint32_t fAccess);*/
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uSel);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentWithErr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uErr);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseStackSelectorNotPresentBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uSel);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseStackSelectorNotPresentWithErr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uErr);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uErr);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFaultBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTSEL uSel);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseSelectorBounds(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg, uint32_t fAccess);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseSelectorBoundsBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTSEL Sel);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccess(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg, uint32_t fAccess);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaisePageFault(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPTR GCPtrWhere, uint32_t fAccess, int rc);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemRaiseAlignmentCheckException(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaisePageFaultJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPTR GCPtrWhere, uint32_t fAccess, int rc);
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaiseSelectorBoundsJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg, uint32_t fAccess);
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaiseSelectorBoundsBySelectorJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTSEL Sel);
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccessJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg, uint32_t fAccess);
#endif

IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemMap(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void **ppvMem, size_t cbMem, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint32_t fAccess);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemCommitAndUnmap(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void *pvMem, uint32_t fAccess);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchDataU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchDataU32_ZX_U64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchDataU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchSysU8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchSysU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchSysU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchSysU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchSelDescWithErr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMSELDESC pDesc, uint16_t uSel, uint8_t uXcpt, uint16_t uErrorCode);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemFetchSelDesc(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMSELDESC pDesc, uint16_t uSel, uint8_t uXcpt);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemStackPushCommitSpecial(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void *pvMem, uint64_t uNewRsp);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemStackPushBeginSpecial(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, size_t cbMem, void **ppvMem, uint64_t *puNewRsp);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemStackPushU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t u32Value);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemStackPushU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t u16Value);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uSel);
DECLINLINE(uint16_t)        iemSRegFetchU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg);
DECLINLINE(uint64_t)        iemSRegBaseFetchU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg);

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemVmxVmexit(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t uExitReason, uint64_t u64ExitQual);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemVmxVmexitTaskSwitch(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, IEMTASKSWITCH enmTaskSwitch, RTSEL SelNewTss, uint8_t cbInstr);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemVmxVmexitEvent(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t uVector, uint32_t fFlags, uint32_t uErrCode, uint64_t uCr2, uint8_t cbInstr);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemVmxVmexitEventDoubleFault(PVMCPUCC pVCpu);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemVmxVirtApicAccessMem(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t offAccess, size_t cbAccess, void *pvData, uint32_t fAccess);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemVmxVirtApicAccessMsrRead(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t idMsr, uint64_t *pu64Value);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemVmxVirtApicAccessMsrWrite(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t idMsr, uint64_t u64Value);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemVmxVmexitEpt(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PPGMPTWALK pWalk, uint32_t fAccess, uint32_t fSlatFail, uint8_t cbInstr);
#endif

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemSvmVmexit(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t uExitCode, uint64_t uExitInfo1, uint64_t uExitInfo2);
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC     iemHandleSvmEventIntercept(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t u8Vector, uint32_t fFlags, uint32_t uErr, uint64_t uCr2);
#endif


/**
 * Sets the pass up status.
 *
 * @returns VINF_SUCCESS.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   rcPassUp            The pass up status.  Must be informational.
 *                              VINF_SUCCESS is not allowed.
 */
IEM_STATIC int iemSetPassUpStatus(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, VBOXSTRICTRC rcPassUp)
{
    AssertRC(VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPassUp)); Assert(rcPassUp != VINF_SUCCESS);

    int32_t const rcOldPassUp = pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp;
    if (rcOldPassUp == VINF_SUCCESS)
        pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp = VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPassUp);
    /* If both are EM scheduling codes, use EM priority rules. */
    else if (   rcOldPassUp >= VINF_EM_FIRST && rcOldPassUp <= VINF_EM_LAST
             && rcPassUp    >= VINF_EM_FIRST && rcPassUp    <= VINF_EM_LAST)
    {
        if (rcPassUp < rcOldPassUp)
        {
            Log(("IEM: rcPassUp=%Rrc! rcOldPassUp=%Rrc\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPassUp), rcOldPassUp));
            pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp = VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPassUp);
        }
        else
            Log(("IEM: rcPassUp=%Rrc  rcOldPassUp=%Rrc!\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPassUp), rcOldPassUp));
    }
    /* Override EM scheduling with specific status code. */
    else if (rcOldPassUp >= VINF_EM_FIRST && rcOldPassUp <= VINF_EM_LAST)
    {
        Log(("IEM: rcPassUp=%Rrc! rcOldPassUp=%Rrc\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPassUp), rcOldPassUp));
        pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp = VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPassUp);
    }
    /* Don't override specific status code, first come first served. */
    else
        Log(("IEM: rcPassUp=%Rrc  rcOldPassUp=%Rrc!\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPassUp), rcOldPassUp));
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Calculates the CPU mode.
 *
 * This is mainly for updating IEMCPU::enmCpuMode.
 *
 * @returns CPU mode.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(IEMMODE) iemCalcCpuMode(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    if (CPUMIsGuestIn64BitCodeEx(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx))
        return IEMMODE_64BIT;
    if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Attr.n.u1DefBig) /** @todo check if this is correct... */
        return IEMMODE_32BIT;
    return IEMMODE_16BIT;
}


/**
 * Initializes the execution state.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   fBypassHandlers     Whether to bypass access handlers.
 *
 * @remarks Callers of this must call iemUninitExec() to undo potentially fatal
 *          side-effects in strict builds.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemInitExec(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, bool fBypassHandlers)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK);
    Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_IEM));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr));

    pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl               = CPUMGetGuestCPL(pVCpu);
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode         = iemCalcCpuMode(pVCpu);
#ifdef VBOX_STRICT
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefAddrMode     = (IEMMODE)0xfe;
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode     = (IEMMODE)0xfe;
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize       = (IEMMODE)0xfe;
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize       = (IEMMODE)0xfe;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes          = 0xfeedbeef;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexReg            = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB              = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offModRm           = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexIndex          = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iEffSeg            = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.idxPrefix          = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uVex3rdReg         = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uVexLength         = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fEvexStuff         = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uFpuOpcode         = UINT16_MAX;
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte   = UINT16_MAX;
    pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf         = NULL;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf         = UINT16_MAX;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal    = UINT16_MAX;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart   = INT16_MAX;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uInstrBufPc        = UINT64_C(0xc0ffc0ffcff0c0ff);
# else
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode          = 127;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode           = 127;
# endif
#endif

    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings    = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping       = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp           = VINF_SUCCESS;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers    = fBypassHandlers;
#if 0
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
    if (    CPUMIsGuestInVmxNonRootMode(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx)
        &&  CPUMIsGuestVmxProcCtls2Set(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx, VMX_PROC_CTLS2_VIRT_APIC_ACCESS))
    {
        PCVMXVVMCS pVmcs = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.hwvirt.vmx.CTX_SUFF(pVmcs);
        Assert(pVmcs);
        RTGCPHYS const GCPhysApicAccess = pVmcs->u64AddrApicAccess.u;
        if (!PGMHandlerPhysicalIsRegistered(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), GCPhysApicAccess))
        {
           int rc = PGMHandlerPhysicalRegister(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), GCPhysApicAccess, GCPhysApicAccess + X86_PAGE_4K_SIZE - 1,
                                               pVCpu->iem.s.hVmxApicAccessPage, NIL_RTR3PTR /* pvUserR3 */,
                                               NIL_RTR0PTR /* pvUserR0 */,  NIL_RTRCPTR /* pvUserRC */, NULL /* pszDesc */);
           AssertRC(rc);
        }
    }
#endif
#endif
}

#if defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM) || defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX)
/**
 * Performs a minimal reinitialization of the execution state.
 *
 * This is intended to be used by VM-exits, SMM, LOADALL and other similar
 * 'world-switch' types operations on the CPU. Currently only nested
 * hardware-virtualization uses it.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemReInitExec(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    IEMMODE const enmMode = iemCalcCpuMode(pVCpu);
    uint8_t const uCpl    = CPUMGetGuestCPL(pVCpu);

    pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl             = uCpl;
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode       = enmMode;
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefAddrMode   = enmMode;  /** @todo check if this is correct... */
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode   = enmMode;
    if (enmMode != IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize = enmMode;  /** @todo check if this is correct... */
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = enmMode;
    }
    else
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize = IEMMODE_32BIT;
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = enmMode;
    }
    pVCpu->iem.s.iEffSeg          = X86_SREG_DS;
#ifndef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    /** @todo Shouldn't we be doing this in IEMTlbInvalidateAll()? */
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode        = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode         = 0;
#endif
    pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp         = VINF_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

/**
 * Counterpart to #iemInitExec that undoes evil strict-build stuff.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemUninitExec(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    /* Note! do not touch fInPatchCode here! (see iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter) */
#ifdef VBOX_STRICT
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    NOREF(pVCpu);
# else
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = 0;
# endif
#else
    NOREF(pVCpu);
#endif
}


/**
 * Initializes the decoder state.
 *
 * iemReInitDecoder is mostly a copy of this function.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   fBypassHandlers     Whether to bypass access handlers.
 * @param   fDisregardLock      Whether to disregard the LOCK prefix.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemInitDecoder(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, bool fBypassHandlers, bool fDisregardLock)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_MUST_MASK);
    Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_IEM));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr));

    pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl               = CPUMGetGuestCPL(pVCpu);
    IEMMODE enmMode = iemCalcCpuMode(pVCpu);
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode         = enmMode;
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefAddrMode     = enmMode;  /** @todo check if this is correct... */
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode     = enmMode;
    if (enmMode != IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize   = enmMode;  /** @todo check if this is correct... */
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize   = enmMode;
    }
    else
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize   = IEMMODE_32BIT;
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize   = IEMMODE_32BIT;
    }
    pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes          = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexReg            = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB              = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexIndex          = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.idxPrefix          = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uVex3rdReg         = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uVexLength         = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fEvexStuff         = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iEffSeg            = X86_SREG_DS;
#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf         = NULL;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte   = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart   = 0;
# ifdef VBOX_STRICT
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf         = UINT16_MAX;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal    = UINT16_MAX;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uInstrBufPc        = UINT64_C(0xc0ffc0ffcff0c0ff);
# endif
#else
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode          = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode           = 0;
#endif
    pVCpu->iem.s.offModRm           = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings    = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping       = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp           = VINF_SUCCESS;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers    = fBypassHandlers;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fDisregardLock     = fDisregardLock;

#ifdef DBGFTRACE_ENABLED
    switch (enmMode)
    {
        case IEMMODE_64BIT:
            RTTraceBufAddMsgF(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->CTX_SUFF(hTraceBuf), "I64/%u %08llx", pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip);
            break;
        case IEMMODE_32BIT:
            RTTraceBufAddMsgF(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->CTX_SUFF(hTraceBuf), "I32/%u %04x:%08x", pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip);
            break;
        case IEMMODE_16BIT:
            RTTraceBufAddMsgF(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->CTX_SUFF(hTraceBuf), "I16/%u %04x:%04x", pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip);
            break;
    }
#endif
}


/**
 * Reinitializes the decoder state 2nd+ loop of IEMExecLots.
 *
 * This is mostly a copy of iemInitDecoder.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemReInitDecoder(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_IEM));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr));

    pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl               = CPUMGetGuestCPL(pVCpu);   /** @todo this should be updated during execution! */
    IEMMODE enmMode = iemCalcCpuMode(pVCpu);
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode         = enmMode;                  /** @todo this should be updated during execution! */
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefAddrMode     = enmMode;  /** @todo check if this is correct... */
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode     = enmMode;
    if (enmMode != IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize   = enmMode;  /** @todo check if this is correct... */
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize   = enmMode;
    }
    else
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize   = IEMMODE_32BIT;
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize   = IEMMODE_32BIT;
    }
    pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes          = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexReg            = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB              = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uRexIndex          = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.idxPrefix          = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uVex3rdReg         = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uVexLength         = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fEvexStuff         = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iEffSeg            = X86_SREG_DS;
#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf)
    {
        uint64_t off = (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip + (uint32_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u64Base)
                     - pVCpu->iem.s.uInstrBufPc;
        if (off < pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal)
        {
            pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = (uint32_t)off;
            pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart = (uint16_t)off;
            if ((uint16_t)off + 15 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal)
                pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf = (uint16_t)off + 15;
            else
                pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal;
        }
        else
        {
            pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf       = NULL;
            pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = 0;
            pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart = 0;
            pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf       = 0;
            pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal  = 0;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = 0;
        pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart = 0;
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf       = 0;
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal  = 0;
    }
#else
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode           = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode          = 0;
#endif
    pVCpu->iem.s.offModRm           = 0;
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0);
    pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping       = 0;
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp   == VINF_SUCCESS);
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers == false);

#ifdef DBGFTRACE_ENABLED
    switch (enmMode)
    {
        case IEMMODE_64BIT:
            RTTraceBufAddMsgF(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->CTX_SUFF(hTraceBuf), "I64/%u %08llx", pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip);
            break;
        case IEMMODE_32BIT:
            RTTraceBufAddMsgF(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->CTX_SUFF(hTraceBuf), "I32/%u %04x:%08x", pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip);
            break;
        case IEMMODE_16BIT:
            RTTraceBufAddMsgF(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->CTX_SUFF(hTraceBuf), "I16/%u %04x:%04x", pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip);
            break;
    }
#endif
}



/**
 * Prefetch opcodes the first time when starting executing.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   fBypassHandlers     Whether to bypass access handlers.
 * @param   fDisregardLock      Whether to disregard LOCK prefixes.
 *
 * @todo    Combine fDisregardLock and fBypassHandlers into a flag parameter and
 *          store them as such.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, bool fBypassHandlers, bool fDisregardLock)
{
    iemInitDecoder(pVCpu, fBypassHandlers, fDisregardLock);

#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    /** @todo Do ITLB lookup here. */

#else /* !IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB */

    /*
     * What we're doing here is very similar to iemMemMap/iemMemBounceBufferMap.
     *
     * First translate CS:rIP to a physical address.
     */
    uint32_t    cbToTryRead;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrPC;
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        cbToTryRead = GUEST_PAGE_SIZE;
        GCPtrPC     = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip;
        if (IEM_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrPC))
            cbToTryRead = GUEST_PAGE_SIZE - (GCPtrPC & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
        else
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    }
    else
    {
        uint32_t GCPtrPC32 = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip;
        AssertMsg(!(GCPtrPC32 & ~(uint32_t)UINT16_MAX) || pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_32BIT, ("%04x:%RX64\n", pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip));
        if (GCPtrPC32 <= pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit)
            cbToTryRead = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit - GCPtrPC32 + 1;
        else
            return iemRaiseSelectorBounds(pVCpu, X86_SREG_CS, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION);
        if (cbToTryRead) { /* likely */ }
        else /* overflowed */
        {
            Assert(GCPtrPC32 == 0); Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit == UINT32_MAX);
            cbToTryRead = UINT32_MAX;
        }
        GCPtrPC = (uint32_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u64Base + GCPtrPC32;
        Assert(GCPtrPC <= UINT32_MAX);
    }

    PGMPTWALK Walk;
    int rc = PGMGstGetPage(pVCpu, GCPtrPC, &Walk);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        Assert(Walk.fSucceeded); /* probable. */
    else
    {
        Log(("iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes: %RGv - rc=%Rrc\n", GCPtrPC, rc));
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
        if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
            IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PHYS_ADDR, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
        return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrPC, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, rc);
    }
    if ((Walk.fEffective & X86_PTE_US) || pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl != 3) { /* likely */ }
    else
    {
        Log(("iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes: %RGv - supervisor page\n", GCPtrPC));
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
        if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
            IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PAGE_TABLE, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
        return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrPC, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
    }
    if (!(Walk.fEffective & X86_PTE_PAE_NX) || !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.msrEFER & MSR_K6_EFER_NXE)) { /* likely */ }
    else
    {
        Log(("iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes: %RGv - NX\n", GCPtrPC));
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
        if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
            IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PAGE_TABLE, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
        return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrPC, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
    }
    RTGCPHYS const GCPhys = Walk.GCPhys | (GCPtrPC & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
    /** @todo Check reserved bits and such stuff. PGM is better at doing
     *        that, so do it when implementing the guest virtual address
     *        TLB... */

    /*
     * Read the bytes at this address.
     */
    uint32_t cbLeftOnPage = GUEST_PAGE_SIZE - (GCPtrPC & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
    if (cbToTryRead > cbLeftOnPage)
        cbToTryRead = cbLeftOnPage;
    if (cbToTryRead > sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode))
        cbToTryRead = sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode);

    if (!pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers)
    {
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = PGMPhysRead(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), GCPhys, pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode, cbToTryRead, PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
        if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS))
        { /* likely */ }
        else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
        {
            Log(("iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read status -  rcStrict=%Rrc\n",
                 GCPtrPC, GCPhys, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), cbToTryRead));
            rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
        }
        else
        {
            Log((RT_SUCCESS(rcStrict)
                 ? "iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read status - rcStrict=%Rrc\n"
                 : "iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read error - rcStrict=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                 GCPtrPC, GCPhys, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), cbToTryRead));
            return rcStrict;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        rc = PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode, GCPhys, cbToTryRead);
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        { /* likely */ }
        else
        {
            Log(("iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read error - rc=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                 GCPtrPC, GCPhys, rc, cbToTryRead));
            return rc;
        }
    }
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = cbToTryRead;
#endif /* !IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB */
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Invalidates the IEM TLBs.
 *
 * This is called internally as well as by PGM when moving GC mappings.
 *
 * @returns
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling
 *                      thread.
 * @param   fVmm        Set when PGM calls us with a remapping.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(void) IEMTlbInvalidateAll(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, bool fVmm)
{
#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbRevision += IEMTLB_REVISION_INCR;
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbRevision != 0)
    { /* very likely */ }
    else
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbRevision = IEMTLB_REVISION_INCR;
        unsigned i = RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries);
        while (i-- > 0)
            pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries[i].uTag = 0;
    }
#endif

#ifdef IEM_WITH_DATA_TLB
    pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.uTlbRevision += IEMTLB_REVISION_INCR;
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.uTlbRevision != 0)
    { /* very likely */ }
    else
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.uTlbRevision = IEMTLB_REVISION_INCR;
        unsigned i = RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.aEntries);
        while (i-- > 0)
            pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.aEntries[i].uTag = 0;
    }
#endif
    NOREF(pVCpu); NOREF(fVmm);
}


/**
 * Invalidates a page in the TLBs.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling
 *                      thread.
 * @param   GCPtr       The address of the page to invalidate
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(void) IEMTlbInvalidatePage(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPTR GCPtr)
{
#if defined(IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB) || defined(IEM_WITH_DATA_TLB)
    GCPtr = GCPtr >> X86_PAGE_SHIFT;
    AssertCompile(RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries) == 256);
    AssertCompile(RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.aEntries) == 256);
    uintptr_t idx = (uint8_t)GCPtr;

# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries[idx].uTag == (GCPtr | pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbRevision))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries[idx].uTag = 0;
        if (GCPtr == (pVCpu->iem.s.uInstrBufPc >> X86_PAGE_SHIFT))
            pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal = 0;
    }
# endif

# ifdef IEM_WITH_DATA_TLB
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.aEntries[idx].uTag == (GCPtr | pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.uTlbRevision))
        pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.aEntries[idx].uTag = 0;
# endif
#else
    NOREF(pVCpu); NOREF(GCPtr);
#endif
}


/**
 * Invalidates the host physical aspects of the IEM TLBs.
 *
 * This is called internally as well as by PGM when moving GC mappings.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling
 *                      thread.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(void) IEMTlbInvalidateAllPhysical(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#if defined(IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB) || defined(IEM_WITH_DATA_TLB)
    /* Note! This probably won't end up looking exactly like this, but it give an idea... */

# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal = 0;
# endif
    uint64_t uTlbPhysRev = pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbPhysRev + IEMTLB_PHYS_REV_INCR;
    if (uTlbPhysRev != 0)
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbPhysRev = uTlbPhysRev;
        pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.uTlbPhysRev = uTlbPhysRev;
    }
    else
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbPhysRev = IEMTLB_PHYS_REV_INCR;
        pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.uTlbPhysRev = IEMTLB_PHYS_REV_INCR;

        unsigned i;
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
        i = RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries);
        while (i-- > 0)
        {
            pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries[i].pbMappingR3       = NULL;
            pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries[i].fFlagsAndPhysRev &= ~(IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_WRITE | IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_READ | IEMTLBE_F_PHYS_REV);
        }
# endif
# ifdef IEM_WITH_DATA_TLB
        i = RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.aEntries);
        while (i-- > 0)
        {
            pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.aEntries[i].pbMappingR3       = NULL;
            pVCpu->iem.s.DataTlb.aEntries[i].fFlagsAndPhysRev &= ~(IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_WRITE | IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_READ | IEMTLBE_F_PHYS_REV);
        }
# endif
    }
#else
    NOREF(pVCpu);
#endif
}


/**
 * Invalidates the host physical aspects of the IEM TLBs.
 *
 * This is called internally as well as by PGM when moving GC mappings.
 *
 * @param   pVM         The cross context VM structure.
 *
 * @remarks Caller holds the PGM lock.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(void) IEMTlbInvalidateAllPhysicalAllCpus(PVM pVM)
{
    RT_NOREF_PV(pVM);
}

#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB

/**
 * Tries to fetches @a cbDst opcode bytes, raise the appropriate exception on
 * failure and jumps.
 *
 * We end up here for a number of reasons:
 *      - pbInstrBuf isn't yet initialized.
 *      - Advancing beyond the buffer boundrary (e.g. cross page).
 *      - Advancing beyond the CS segment limit.
 *      - Fetching from non-mappable page (e.g. MMIO).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   pvDst               Where to return the bytes.
 * @param   cbDst               Number of bytes to read.
 *
 * @todo    Make cbDst = 0 a way of initializing pbInstrBuf?
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemOpcodeFetchBytesJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, size_t cbDst, void *pvDst)
{
#ifdef IN_RING3
    for (;;)
    {
        Assert(cbDst <= 8);
        uint32_t offBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte;

        /*
         * We might have a partial buffer match, deal with that first to make the
         * rest simpler.  This is the first part of the cross page/buffer case.
         */
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf != NULL)
        {
            if (offBuf < pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf)
            {
                Assert(offBuf + cbDst > pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf);
                uint32_t const cbCopy = pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf - pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte;
                memcpy(pvDst, &pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf[offBuf], cbCopy);

                cbDst  -= cbCopy;
                pvDst   = (uint8_t *)pvDst + cbCopy;
                offBuf += cbCopy;
                pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte += offBuf;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Check segment limit, figuring how much we're allowed to access at this point.
         *
         * We will fault immediately if RIP is past the segment limit / in non-canonical
         * territory.  If we do continue, there are one or more bytes to read before we
         * end up in trouble and we need to do that first before faulting.
         */
        RTGCPTR  GCPtrFirst;
        uint32_t cbMaxRead;
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        {
            GCPtrFirst = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + (offBuf - (uint32_t)(int32_t)pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart);
            if (RT_LIKELY(IEM_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrFirst)))
            { /* likely */ }
            else
                iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0Jmp(pVCpu);
            cbMaxRead = X86_PAGE_SIZE - ((uint32_t)GCPtrFirst & X86_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
        }
        else
        {
            GCPtrFirst = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip + (offBuf - (uint32_t)(int32_t)pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart);
            Assert(!(GCPtrFirst & ~(uint32_t)UINT16_MAX) || pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_32BIT);
            if (RT_LIKELY((uint32_t)GCPtrFirst <= pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit))
            { /* likely */ }
            else
                iemRaiseSelectorBoundsJmp(pVCpu, X86_SREG_CS, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION);
            cbMaxRead = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit - (uint32_t)GCPtrFirst + 1;
            if (cbMaxRead != 0)
            { /* likely */ }
            else
            {
                /* Overflowed because address is 0 and limit is max. */
                Assert(GCPtrFirst == 0); Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit == UINT32_MAX);
                cbMaxRead = X86_PAGE_SIZE;
            }
            GCPtrFirst = (uint32_t)GCPtrFirst + (uint32_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u64Base;
            uint32_t cbMaxRead2 = X86_PAGE_SIZE - ((uint32_t)GCPtrFirst & X86_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
            if (cbMaxRead2 < cbMaxRead)
                cbMaxRead = cbMaxRead2;
            /** @todo testcase: unreal modes, both huge 16-bit and 32-bit. */
        }

        /*
         * Get the TLB entry for this piece of code.
         */
        uint64_t     uTag  = (GCPtrFirst >> X86_PAGE_SHIFT) | pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbRevision;
        AssertCompile(RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries) == 256);
        PIEMTLBENTRY pTlbe = &pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.aEntries[(uint8_t)uTag];
        if (pTlbe->uTag == uTag)
        {
            /* likely when executing lots of code, otherwise unlikely */
# ifdef VBOX_WITH_STATISTICS
            pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.cTlbHits++;
# endif
        }
        else
        {
            pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.cTlbMisses++;
            PGMPTWALK Walk;
            int rc = PGMGstGetPage(pVCpu, GCPtrFirst, &Walk);
            if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            {
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
                /** @todo Nested VMX: Need to handle EPT violation/misconfig here?  */
                Assert(!(Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT));
#endif
                Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv - rc=%Rrc\n", GCPtrFirst, rc));
                iemRaisePageFaultJmp(pVCpu, GCPtrFirst, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, rc);
            }

            AssertCompile(IEMTLBE_F_PT_NO_EXEC == 1);
            Assert(Walk.fSucceeded);
            pTlbe->uTag             = uTag;
            pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev = (~Walk.fEffective & (X86_PTE_US | X86_PTE_RW | X86_PTE_D))
                                    | (Walk.fEffective >> X86_PTE_PAE_BIT_NX);
            pTlbe->GCPhys           = Walk.GCPhys;
            pTlbe->pbMappingR3      = NULL;
        }

        /*
         * Check TLB page table level access flags.
         */
        if (pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev & (IEMTLBE_F_PT_NO_USER | IEMTLBE_F_PT_NO_EXEC))
        {
            if ((pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev & IEMTLBE_F_PT_NO_USER) && pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl == 3)
            {
                Log(("iemOpcodeFetchBytesJmp: %RGv - supervisor page\n", GCPtrFirst));
                iemRaisePageFaultJmp(pVCpu, GCPtrFirst, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
            }
            if ((pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev & IEMTLBE_F_PT_NO_EXEC) && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.msrEFER & MSR_K6_EFER_NXE))
            {
                Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv - NX\n", GCPtrFirst));
                iemRaisePageFaultJmp(pVCpu, GCPtrFirst, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
            }
        }

        /*
         * Look up the physical page info if necessary.
         */
        if ((pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev & IEMTLBE_F_PHYS_REV) == pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbPhysRev)
        { /* not necessary */ }
        else
        {
            AssertCompile(PGMIEMGCPHYS2PTR_F_NO_WRITE     == IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_WRITE);
            AssertCompile(PGMIEMGCPHYS2PTR_F_NO_READ      == IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_READ);
            AssertCompile(PGMIEMGCPHYS2PTR_F_NO_MAPPINGR3 == IEMTLBE_F_NO_MAPPINGR3);
            pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev &= ~(  IEMTLBE_F_PHYS_REV
                                         | IEMTLBE_F_NO_MAPPINGR3 | IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_READ | IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_WRITE);
            int rc = PGMPhysIemGCPhys2PtrNoLock(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), pVCpu, pTlbe->GCPhys, &pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbPhysRev,
                                                &pTlbe->pbMappingR3, &pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev);
            AssertRCStmt(rc, longjmp(*CTX_SUFF(pVCpu->iem.s.pJmpBuf), rc));
        }

# if defined(IN_RING3) || defined(IN_RING0) /** @todo fixme */
        /*
         * Try do a direct read using the pbMappingR3 pointer.
         */
        if (    (pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev & (IEMTLBE_F_PHYS_REV | IEMTLBE_F_NO_MAPPINGR3 | IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_READ))
             == pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbPhysRev)
        {
            uint32_t const offPg = (GCPtrFirst & X86_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
            pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal  = offPg + cbMaxRead;
            if (offBuf == (uint32_t)(int32_t)pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart)
            {
                pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf       = offPg + RT_MIN(15, cbMaxRead);
                pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart = (int16_t)offPg;
            }
            else
            {
                uint32_t const cbInstr = offBuf - (uint32_t)(int32_t)pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart;
                Assert(cbInstr < cbMaxRead);
                pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf       = offPg + RT_MIN(cbMaxRead + cbInstr, 15) - cbInstr;
                pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart = (int16_t)(offPg - cbInstr);
            }
            if (cbDst <= cbMaxRead)
            {
                pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = offPg + (uint32_t)cbDst;
                pVCpu->iem.s.uInstrBufPc      = GCPtrFirst & ~(RTGCPTR)X86_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK;
                pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf       = pTlbe->pbMappingR3;
                memcpy(pvDst, &pTlbe->pbMappingR3[offPg], cbDst);
                return;
            }
            pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf = NULL;

            memcpy(pvDst, &pTlbe->pbMappingR3[offPg], cbMaxRead);
            pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = offPg + cbMaxRead;
        }
        else
# endif
#if 0
        /*
         * If there is no special read handling, so we can read a bit more and
         * put it in the prefetch buffer.
         */
        if (   cbDst < cbMaxRead
            && (pTlbe->fFlagsAndPhysRev & (IEMTLBE_F_PHYS_REV | IEMTLBE_F_PG_NO_READ)) == pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.uTlbPhysRev)
        {
            VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = PGMPhysRead(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), pTlbe->GCPhys,
                                                &pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[0], cbToTryRead, PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
            if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS))
            { /* likely */ }
            else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
            {
                Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read status -  rcStrict=%Rrc\n",
                     GCPtrNext, GCPhys, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), cbToTryRead));
                rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                AssertStmt(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS, longjmp(*CTX_SUFF(pVCpu->iem.s.pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            }
            else
            {
                Log((RT_SUCCESS(rcStrict)
                     ? "iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read status - rcStrict=%Rrc\n"
                     : "iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read error - rcStrict=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                     GCPtrNext, GCPhys, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), cbToTryRead));
                longjmp(*CTX_SUFF(pVCpu->iem.s.pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
            }
        }
        /*
         * Special read handling, so only read exactly what's needed.
         * This is a highly unlikely scenario.
         */
        else
#endif
        {
            pVCpu->iem.s.CodeTlb.cTlbSlowReadPath++;
            uint32_t const cbToRead = RT_MIN((uint32_t)cbDst, cbMaxRead);
            VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = PGMPhysRead(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), pTlbe->GCPhys + (GCPtrFirst & X86_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK),
                                                pvDst, cbToRead, PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
            if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS))
            { /* likely */ }
            else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
            {
                Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read status -  rcStrict=%Rrc\n",
                     GCPtrFirst, pTlbe->GCPhys + (GCPtrFirst & X86_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), cbToRead));
                rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                AssertStmt(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS, longjmp(*CTX_SUFF(pVCpu->iem.s.pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            }
            else
            {
                Log((RT_SUCCESS(rcStrict)
                     ? "iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read status - rcStrict=%Rrc\n"
                     : "iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read error - rcStrict=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                     GCPtrFirst, pTlbe->GCPhys + (GCPtrFirst & X86_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), cbToRead));
                longjmp(*CTX_SUFF(pVCpu->iem.s.pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
            }
            pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = offBuf + cbToRead;
            if (cbToRead == cbDst)
                return;
        }

        /*
         * More to read, loop.
         */
        cbDst -= cbMaxRead;
        pvDst  = (uint8_t *)pvDst + cbMaxRead;
    }
#else
    RT_NOREF(pvDst, cbDst);
    longjmp(*CTX_SUFF(pVCpu->iem.s.pJmpBuf), VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
#endif
}

#else

/**
 * Try fetch at least @a cbMin bytes more opcodes, raise the appropriate
 * exception if it fails.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   cbMin               The minimum number of bytes relative offOpcode
 *                              that must be read.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, size_t cbMin)
{
    /*
     * What we're doing here is very similar to iemMemMap/iemMemBounceBufferMap.
     *
     * First translate CS:rIP to a physical address.
     */
    uint8_t     cbLeft = pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode - pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode; Assert(cbLeft < cbMin);
    uint32_t    cbToTryRead;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrNext;
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        cbToTryRead = GUEST_PAGE_SIZE;
        GCPtrNext   = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode;
        if (!IEM_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrNext))
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    }
    else
    {
        uint32_t GCPtrNext32 = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip;
        Assert(!(GCPtrNext32 & ~(uint32_t)UINT16_MAX) || pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_32BIT);
        GCPtrNext32 += pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode;
        if (GCPtrNext32 > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit)
            return iemRaiseSelectorBounds(pVCpu, X86_SREG_CS, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION);
        cbToTryRead = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit - GCPtrNext32 + 1;
        if (!cbToTryRead) /* overflowed */
        {
            Assert(GCPtrNext32 == 0); Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit == UINT32_MAX);
            cbToTryRead = UINT32_MAX;
            /** @todo check out wrapping around the code segment.  */
        }
        if (cbToTryRead < cbMin - cbLeft)
            return iemRaiseSelectorBounds(pVCpu, X86_SREG_CS, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION);
        GCPtrNext = (uint32_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u64Base + GCPtrNext32;
    }

    /* Only read up to the end of the page, and make sure we don't read more
       than the opcode buffer can hold. */
    uint32_t cbLeftOnPage = GUEST_PAGE_SIZE - (GCPtrNext & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
    if (cbToTryRead > cbLeftOnPage)
        cbToTryRead = cbLeftOnPage;
    if (cbToTryRead > sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode) - pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode)
        cbToTryRead = sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode) - pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode;
/** @todo r=bird: Convert assertion into undefined opcode exception? */
    Assert(cbToTryRead >= cbMin - cbLeft); /* ASSUMPTION based on iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes. */

    PGMPTWALK Walk;
    int rc = PGMGstGetPage(pVCpu, GCPtrNext, &Walk);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv - rc=%Rrc\n", GCPtrNext, rc));
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
        if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
            IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PHYS_ADDR, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
        return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrNext, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, rc);
    }
    if (!(Walk.fEffective & X86_PTE_US) && pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl == 3)
    {
        Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv - supervisor page\n", GCPtrNext));
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
        if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
            IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PAGE_TABLE, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
        return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrNext, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
    }
    if ((Walk.fEffective & X86_PTE_PAE_NX) && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.msrEFER & MSR_K6_EFER_NXE))
    {
        Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv - NX\n", GCPtrNext));
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
        if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
            IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PAGE_TABLE, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
        return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrNext, IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION, VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
    }
    RTGCPHYS const GCPhys = Walk.GCPhys | (GCPtrNext & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
    Log5(("GCPtrNext=%RGv GCPhys=%RGp cbOpcodes=%#x\n",  GCPtrNext,  GCPhys,  pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode));
    /** @todo Check reserved bits and such stuff. PGM is better at doing
     *        that, so do it when implementing the guest virtual address
     *        TLB... */

    /*
     * Read the bytes at this address.
     *
     * We read all unpatched bytes in iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes already,
     * and since PATM should only patch the start of an instruction there
     * should be no need to check again here.
     */
    if (!pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers)
    {
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = PGMPhysRead(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), GCPhys, &pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode],
                                            cbToTryRead, PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
        if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS))
        { /* likely */ }
        else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
        {
            Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read status -  rcStrict=%Rrc\n",
                 GCPtrNext, GCPhys, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), cbToTryRead));
            rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
        }
        else
        {
            Log((RT_SUCCESS(rcStrict)
                 ? "iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read status - rcStrict=%Rrc\n"
                 : "iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv/%RGp LB %#x - read error - rcStrict=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                 GCPtrNext, GCPhys, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), cbToTryRead));
            return rcStrict;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        rc = PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), &pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode], GCPhys, cbToTryRead);
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        { /* likely */ }
        else
        {
            Log(("iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes: %RGv - read error - rc=%Rrc (!!)\n", GCPtrNext, rc));
            return rc;
        }
    }
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode += cbToTryRead;
    Log5(("%.*Rhxs\n", pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode, pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode));

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU8 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   pb                  Where to return the opcode byte.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU8Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t *pb)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 1);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
        *pb = pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 1;
    }
    else
        *pb = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode byte.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   pu8                 Where to return the opcode byte.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t *pu8)
{
    uintptr_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode < pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 1;
        *pu8 = pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU8Slow(pVCpu, pu8);
}

#else  /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU8Jmp doesn't like, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The opcode byte.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint8_t) iemOpcodeGetNextU8SlowJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uint8_t u8;
    iemOpcodeFetchBytesJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(u8), &u8);
    return u8;
# else
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 1);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        return pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode++];
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
# endif
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode byte, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The opcode byte.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint8_t) iemOpcodeGetNextU8Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uintptr_t       offBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte;
    uint8_t const  *pbBuf  = pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf;
    if (RT_LIKELY(   pbBuf != NULL
                  && offBuf < pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = (uint32_t)offBuf + 1;
        return pbBuf[offBuf];
    }
# else
    uintptr_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode < pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 1;
        return pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
    }
# endif
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU8SlowJmp(pVCpu);
}

#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Fetches the next opcode byte, returns automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu8               Where to return the opcode byte.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(a_pu8) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextU8(pVCpu, (a_pu8)); \
        if (rcStrict2 == VINF_SUCCESS) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(a_pu8) (*(a_pu8) = iemOpcodeGetNextU8Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches the next signed byte from the opcode stream.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pi8                 Where to return the signed byte.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, int8_t *pi8)
{
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU8(pVCpu, (uint8_t *)pi8);
}
#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches the next signed byte from the opcode stream, returning automatically
 * on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pi8               Where to return the signed byte.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8(a_pi8) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextS8(pVCpu, (a_pi8)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8(a_pi8) (*(a_pi8) = (int8_t)iemOpcodeGetNextU8Jmp(pVCpu))

#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU16 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu16                Where to return the opcode dword.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU16Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pu16)
{
    uint8_t      u8;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeGetNextU8Slow(pVCpu, &u8);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        *pu16 = (int8_t)u8;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next signed byte from the opcode stream, extending it to
 * unsigned 16-bit.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu16                Where to return the unsigned word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pu16)
{
    uint8_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(offOpcode >= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
        return iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU16Slow(pVCpu, pu16);

    *pu16 = (int8_t)pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 1;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Fetches the next signed byte from the opcode stream and sign-extending it to
 * a word, returning automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu16              Where to return the word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U16(a_pu16) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU16(pVCpu, (a_pu16)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U16(a_pu16) (*(a_pu16) = (int8_t)iemOpcodeGetNextU8Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU32 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32                Where to return the opcode dword.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU32Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32)
{
    uint8_t      u8;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeGetNextU8Slow(pVCpu, &u8);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        *pu32 = (int8_t)u8;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next signed byte from the opcode stream, extending it to
 * unsigned 32-bit.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32                Where to return the unsigned dword.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32)
{
    uint8_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(offOpcode >= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
        return iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU32Slow(pVCpu, pu32);

    *pu32 = (int8_t)pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 1;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Fetches the next signed byte from the opcode stream and sign-extending it to
 * a word, returning automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu32              Where to return the word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
#define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U32(a_pu32) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU32(pVCpu, (a_pu32)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U32(a_pu32) (*(a_pu32) = (int8_t)iemOpcodeGetNextU8Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU64 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode qword.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU64Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    uint8_t      u8;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeGetNextU8Slow(pVCpu, &u8);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        *pu64 = (int8_t)u8;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next signed byte from the opcode stream, extending it to
 * unsigned 64-bit.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the unsigned qword.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    uint8_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(offOpcode >= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
        return iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU64Slow(pVCpu, pu64);

    *pu64 = (int8_t)pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 1;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches the next signed byte from the opcode stream and sign-extending it to
 * a word, returning automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu64              Where to return the word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U64(a_pu64) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextS8SxU64(pVCpu, (a_pu64)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U64(a_pu64) (*(a_pu64) = (int8_t)iemOpcodeGetNextU8Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif


#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches the next opcode byte.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   pu8                 Where to return the opcode byte.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextRm(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t *pu8)
{
    uintptr_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offModRm = offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode < pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 1;
        *pu8 = pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU8Slow(pVCpu, pu8);
}
#else  /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */
/**
 * Fetches the next opcode byte, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The opcode byte.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint8_t) iemOpcodeGetNextRmJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uintptr_t       offBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offModRm  = offBuf;
    uint8_t const  *pbBuf  = pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf;
    if (RT_LIKELY(   pbBuf != NULL
                  && offBuf < pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = (uint32_t)offBuf + 1;
        return pbBuf[offBuf];
    }
# else
    uintptr_t offOpcode   = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offModRm = offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode < pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 1;
        return pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
    }
# endif
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU8SlowJmp(pVCpu);
}
#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Fetches the next opcode byte, which is a ModR/M byte, returns automatically
 * on failure.
 *
 * Will note down the position of the ModR/M byte for VT-x exits.
 *
 * @param   a_pbRm              Where to return the RM opcode byte.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_RM(a_pbRm) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextRm(pVCpu, (a_pbRm)); \
        if (rcStrict2 == VINF_SUCCESS) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_RM(a_pbRm) (*(a_pbRm) = iemOpcodeGetNextRmJmp(pVCpu))
#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU16 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu16                Where to return the opcode word.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU16Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pu16)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 2);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
# ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        *pu16 = *(uint16_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
# else
        *pu16 = RT_MAKE_U16(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode], pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1]);
# endif
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 2;
    }
    else
        *pu16 = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode word.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu16                Where to return the opcode word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pu16)
{
    uintptr_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode + 2 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 2;
# ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        *pu16 = *(uint16_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
# else
        *pu16 = RT_MAKE_U16(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode], pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1]);
# endif
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU16Slow(pVCpu, pu16);
}

#else  /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU16Jmp doesn't like, longjmp on error
 *
 * @returns The opcode word.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint16_t) iemOpcodeGetNextU16SlowJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uint16_t u16;
    iemOpcodeFetchBytesJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(u16), &u16);
    return u16;
# else
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 2);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode += 2;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint16_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U16(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode], pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1]);
#  endif
    }
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
# endif
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode word, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The opcode word.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint16_t) iemOpcodeGetNextU16Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uintptr_t       offBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte;
    uint8_t const  *pbBuf  = pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf;
    if (RT_LIKELY(   pbBuf != NULL
                  && offBuf + 2 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = (uint32_t)offBuf + 2;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint16_t const *)&pbBuf[offBuf];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U16(pbBuf[offBuf], pbBuf[offBuf + 1]);
#  endif
    }
# else
    uintptr_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode + 2 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 2;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint16_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U16(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode], pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1]);
#  endif
    }
# endif
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU16SlowJmp(pVCpu);
}

#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode word, returns automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu16              Where to return the opcode word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16(a_pu16) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextU16(pVCpu, (a_pu16)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16(a_pu16) (*(a_pu16) = iemOpcodeGetNextU16Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU32 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32                Where to return the opcode double word.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU32Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 2);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
        *pu32 = RT_MAKE_U16(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode], pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1]);
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 2;
    }
    else
        *pu32 = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode word, zero extending it to a double word.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32                Where to return the opcode double word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32)
{
    uint8_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(offOpcode + 2 > pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
        return iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU32Slow(pVCpu, pu32);

    *pu32 = RT_MAKE_U16(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode], pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1]);
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 2;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode word and zero extends it to a double word, returns
 * automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu32              Where to return the opcode double word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16_ZX_U32(a_pu32) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU32(pVCpu, (a_pu32)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16_ZX_U32(a_pu32) (*(a_pu32) = iemOpcodeGetNextU16Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU64 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode quad word.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU64Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 2);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
        *pu64 = RT_MAKE_U16(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode], pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1]);
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 2;
    }
    else
        *pu64 = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode word, zero extending it to a quad word.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode quad word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    uint8_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(offOpcode + 2 > pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
        return iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU64Slow(pVCpu, pu64);

    *pu64 = RT_MAKE_U16(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode], pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1]);
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 2;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Fetches the next opcode word and zero extends it to a quad word, returns
 * automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu64              Where to return the opcode quad word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16_ZX_U64(a_pu64) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextU16ZxU64(pVCpu, (a_pu64)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16_ZX_U64(a_pu64)  (*(a_pu64) = iemOpcodeGetNextU16Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif


#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches the next signed word from the opcode stream.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pi16                Where to return the signed word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, int16_t *pi16)
{
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU16(pVCpu, (uint16_t *)pi16);
}
#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches the next signed word from the opcode stream, returning automatically
 * on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pi16              Where to return the signed word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S16(a_pi16) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextS16(pVCpu, (a_pi16)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S16(a_pi16) (*(a_pi16) = (int16_t)iemOpcodeGetNextU16Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU32 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32                Where to return the opcode dword.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU32Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 4);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
# ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        *pu32 = *(uint32_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
# else
        *pu32 = RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3]);
# endif
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 4;
    }
    else
        *pu32 = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode dword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32                Where to return the opcode double word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32)
{
    uintptr_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode + 4 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 4;
# ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        *pu32 = *(uint32_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
# else
        *pu32 = RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3]);
# endif
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU32Slow(pVCpu, pu32);
}

#else  /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU32Jmp doesn't like, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The opcode dword.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint32_t) iemOpcodeGetNextU32SlowJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uint32_t u32;
    iemOpcodeFetchBytesJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(u32), &u32);
    return u32;
# else
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 4);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 4;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint32_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3]);
#  endif
    }
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
# endif
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode dword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The opcode dword.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint32_t) iemOpcodeGetNextU32Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uintptr_t       offBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte;
    uint8_t const  *pbBuf  = pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf;
    if (RT_LIKELY(   pbBuf != NULL
                  && offBuf + 4 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = (uint32_t)offBuf + 4;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint32_t const *)&pbBuf[offBuf];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pbBuf[offBuf],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 1],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 2],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 3]);
#  endif
    }
# else
    uintptr_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode + 4 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 4;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint32_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3]);
#  endif
    }
# endif
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU32SlowJmp(pVCpu);
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode dword, returns automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu32              Where to return the opcode dword.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(a_pu32) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextU32(pVCpu, (a_pu32)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(a_pu32) (*(a_pu32) = iemOpcodeGetNextU32Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU32ZxU64 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode dword.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU32ZxU64Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 4);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
        *pu64 = RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3]);
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 4;
    }
    else
        *pu64 = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode dword, zero extending it to a quad word.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode quad word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU32ZxU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    uint8_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(offOpcode + 4 > pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
        return iemOpcodeGetNextU32ZxU64Slow(pVCpu, pu64);

    *pu64 = RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3]);
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 4;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode dword and zero extends it to a quad word, returns
 * automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu64              Where to return the opcode quad word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32_ZX_U64(a_pu64) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextU32ZxU64(pVCpu, (a_pu64)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32_ZX_U64(a_pu64) (*(a_pu64) = iemOpcodeGetNextU32Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif


#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches the next signed double word from the opcode stream.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pi32                Where to return the signed double word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, int32_t *pi32)
{
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU32(pVCpu, (uint32_t *)pi32);
}
#endif

/**
 * Fetches the next signed double word from the opcode stream, returning
 * automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pi32              Where to return the signed double word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S32(a_pi32) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextS32(pVCpu, (a_pi32)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S32(a_pi32)    (*(a_pi32) = (int32_t)iemOpcodeGetNextU32Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextS32SxU64 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode qword.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS32SxU64Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 4);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
        *pu64 = (int32_t)RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                             pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                             pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                             pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3]);
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 4;
    }
    else
        *pu64 = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode dword, sign extending it into a quad word.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode quad word.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextS32SxU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    uint8_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(offOpcode + 4 > pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
        return iemOpcodeGetNextS32SxU64Slow(pVCpu, pu64);

    int32_t i32 = RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                      pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                      pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                      pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3]);
    *pu64 = i32;
    pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 4;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#endif /* !IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode double word and sign extends it to a quad word,
 * returns automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu64              Where to return the opcode quad word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S32_SX_U64(a_pu64) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextS32SxU64(pVCpu, (a_pu64)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S32_SX_U64(a_pu64) (*(a_pu64) = (int32_t)iemOpcodeGetNextU32Jmp(pVCpu))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU64 doesn't like.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode qword.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU64Slow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 8);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
# ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        *pu64 = *(uint64_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
# else
        *pu64 = RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 4],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 5],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 6],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 7]);
# endif
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 8;
    }
    else
        *pu64 = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode qword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64                Where to return the opcode qword.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemOpcodeGetNextU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64)
{
    uintptr_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode + 8 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
# ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        *pu64 = *(uint64_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
# else
        *pu64 = RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 4],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 5],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 6],
                                    pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 7]);
# endif
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 8;
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU64Slow(pVCpu, pu64);
}

#else  /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Deals with the problematic cases that iemOpcodeGetNextU64Jmp doesn't like, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The opcode qword.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint64_t) iemOpcodeGetNextU64SlowJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uint64_t u64;
    iemOpcodeFetchBytesJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(u64), &u64);
    return u64;
# else
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemOpcodeFetchMoreBytes(pVCpu, 8);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        uint8_t offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = offOpcode + 8;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint64_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 4],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 5],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 6],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 7]);
#  endif
    }
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
# endif
}


/**
 * Fetches the next opcode qword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The opcode qword.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint64_t) iemOpcodeGetNextU64Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    uintptr_t       offBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte;
    uint8_t const  *pbBuf  = pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf;
    if (RT_LIKELY(   pbBuf != NULL
                  && offBuf + 8 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBuf))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = (uint32_t)offBuf + 8;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint64_t const *)&pbBuf[offBuf];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U8(pbBuf[offBuf],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 1],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 2],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 3],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 4],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 5],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 6],
                                   pbBuf[offBuf + 7]);
#  endif
    }
# else
    uintptr_t const offOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
    if (RT_LIKELY((uint8_t)offOpcode + 8 <= pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode = (uint8_t)offOpcode + 8;
#  ifdef IEM_USE_UNALIGNED_DATA_ACCESS
        return *(uint64_t const *)&pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode];
#  else
        return RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U8(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 1],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 2],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 3],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 4],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 5],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 6],
                                   pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode[offOpcode + 7]);
#  endif
    }
# endif
    return iemOpcodeGetNextU64SlowJmp(pVCpu);
}

#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/**
 * Fetches the next opcode quad word, returns automatically on failure.
 *
 * @param   a_pu64              Where to return the opcode quad word.
 * @remark Implicitly references pVCpu.
 */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U64(a_pu64) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = iemOpcodeGetNextU64(pVCpu, (a_pu64)); \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U64(a_pu64)    ( *(a_pu64) = iemOpcodeGetNextU64Jmp(pVCpu) )
#endif


/** @name  Misc Worker Functions.
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Gets the exception class for the specified exception vector.
 *
 * @returns The class of the specified exception.
 * @param   uVector       The exception vector.
 */
IEM_STATIC IEMXCPTCLASS iemGetXcptClass(uint8_t uVector)
{
    Assert(uVector <= X86_XCPT_LAST);
    switch (uVector)
    {
        case X86_XCPT_DE:
        case X86_XCPT_TS:
        case X86_XCPT_NP:
        case X86_XCPT_SS:
        case X86_XCPT_GP:
        case X86_XCPT_SX:   /* AMD only */
            return IEMXCPTCLASS_CONTRIBUTORY;

        case X86_XCPT_PF:
        case X86_XCPT_VE:   /* Intel only */
            return IEMXCPTCLASS_PAGE_FAULT;

        case X86_XCPT_DF:
            return IEMXCPTCLASS_DOUBLE_FAULT;
    }
    return IEMXCPTCLASS_BENIGN;
}


/**
 * Evaluates how to handle an exception caused during delivery of another event
 * (exception / interrupt).
 *
 * @returns How to handle the recursive exception.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                              calling thread.
 * @param   fPrevFlags          The flags of the previous event.
 * @param   uPrevVector         The vector of the previous event.
 * @param   fCurFlags           The flags of the current exception.
 * @param   uCurVector          The vector of the current exception.
 * @param   pfXcptRaiseInfo     Where to store additional information about the
 *                              exception condition. Optional.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(IEMXCPTRAISE) IEMEvaluateRecursiveXcpt(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t fPrevFlags, uint8_t uPrevVector, uint32_t fCurFlags,
                                                    uint8_t uCurVector, PIEMXCPTRAISEINFO pfXcptRaiseInfo)
{
    /*
     * Only CPU exceptions can be raised while delivering other events, software interrupt
     * (INTn/INT3/INTO/ICEBP) generated exceptions cannot occur as the current (second) exception.
     */
    AssertReturn(fCurFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, IEMXCPTRAISE_INVALID);
    Assert(pVCpu); RT_NOREF(pVCpu);
    Log2(("IEMEvaluateRecursiveXcpt: uPrevVector=%#x uCurVector=%#x\n", uPrevVector, uCurVector));

    IEMXCPTRAISE     enmRaise   = IEMXCPTRAISE_CURRENT_XCPT;
    IEMXCPTRAISEINFO fRaiseInfo = IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_NONE;
    if (fPrevFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT)
    {
        IEMXCPTCLASS enmPrevXcptClass = iemGetXcptClass(uPrevVector);
        if (enmPrevXcptClass != IEMXCPTCLASS_BENIGN)
        {
            IEMXCPTCLASS enmCurXcptClass = iemGetXcptClass(uCurVector);
            if (   enmPrevXcptClass == IEMXCPTCLASS_PAGE_FAULT
                && (   enmCurXcptClass == IEMXCPTCLASS_PAGE_FAULT
                    || enmCurXcptClass == IEMXCPTCLASS_CONTRIBUTORY))
            {
                enmRaise = IEMXCPTRAISE_DOUBLE_FAULT;
                fRaiseInfo = enmCurXcptClass == IEMXCPTCLASS_PAGE_FAULT ? IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_PF_PF
                                                                        : IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_PF_CONTRIBUTORY_XCPT;
                Log2(("IEMEvaluateRecursiveXcpt: Vectoring page fault. uPrevVector=%#x uCurVector=%#x uCr2=%#RX64\n", uPrevVector,
                      uCurVector, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr2));
            }
            else if (   enmPrevXcptClass == IEMXCPTCLASS_CONTRIBUTORY
                     && enmCurXcptClass  == IEMXCPTCLASS_CONTRIBUTORY)
            {
                enmRaise = IEMXCPTRAISE_DOUBLE_FAULT;
                Log2(("IEMEvaluateRecursiveXcpt: uPrevVector=%#x uCurVector=%#x -> #DF\n", uPrevVector, uCurVector));
            }
            else if (   enmPrevXcptClass == IEMXCPTCLASS_DOUBLE_FAULT
                     && (   enmCurXcptClass == IEMXCPTCLASS_CONTRIBUTORY
                         || enmCurXcptClass == IEMXCPTCLASS_PAGE_FAULT))
            {
                enmRaise = IEMXCPTRAISE_TRIPLE_FAULT;
                Log2(("IEMEvaluateRecursiveXcpt: #DF handler raised a %#x exception -> triple fault\n", uCurVector));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (uPrevVector == X86_XCPT_NMI)
            {
                fRaiseInfo = IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_NMI_XCPT;
                if (uCurVector == X86_XCPT_PF)
                {
                    fRaiseInfo |= IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_NMI_PF;
                    Log2(("IEMEvaluateRecursiveXcpt: NMI delivery caused a page fault\n"));
                }
            }
            else if (   uPrevVector == X86_XCPT_AC
                     && uCurVector  == X86_XCPT_AC)
            {
                enmRaise   = IEMXCPTRAISE_CPU_HANG;
                fRaiseInfo = IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_AC_AC;
                Log2(("IEMEvaluateRecursiveXcpt: Recursive #AC - Bad guest\n"));
            }
        }
    }
    else if (fPrevFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_EXT_INT)
    {
        fRaiseInfo = IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_EXT_INT_XCPT;
        if (uCurVector == X86_XCPT_PF)
            fRaiseInfo |= IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_EXT_INT_PF;
    }
    else
    {
        Assert(fPrevFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT);
        fRaiseInfo = IEMXCPTRAISEINFO_SOFT_INT_XCPT;
    }

    if (pfXcptRaiseInfo)
        *pfXcptRaiseInfo = fRaiseInfo;
    return enmRaise;
}


/**
 * Enters the CPU shutdown state initiated by a triple fault or other
 * unrecoverable conditions.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                          calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemInitiateCpuShutdown(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    if (IEM_VMX_IS_NON_ROOT_MODE(pVCpu))
        IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_TRIPLE_FAULT_RET(pVCpu, VMX_EXIT_TRIPLE_FAULT, 0 /* u64ExitQual */);

    if (IEM_SVM_IS_CTRL_INTERCEPT_SET(pVCpu, SVM_CTRL_INTERCEPT_SHUTDOWN))
    {
        Log2(("shutdown: Guest intercept -> #VMEXIT\n"));
        IEM_SVM_VMEXIT_RET(pVCpu, SVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN, 0 /* uExitInfo1 */, 0 /* uExitInfo2 */);
    }

    RT_NOREF(pVCpu);
    return VINF_EM_TRIPLE_FAULT;
}


/**
 * Validates a new SS segment.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                          calling thread.
 * @param   NewSS           The new SS selctor.
 * @param   uCpl            The CPL to load the stack for.
 * @param   pDesc           Where to return the descriptor.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMiscValidateNewSS(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTSEL NewSS, uint8_t uCpl, PIEMSELDESC pDesc)
{
    /* Null selectors are not allowed (we're not called for dispatching
       interrupts with SS=0 in long mode). */
    if (!(NewSS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL))
    {
        Log(("iemMiscValidateNewSSandRsp: %#x - null selector -> #TS(0)\n", NewSS));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFault0(pVCpu);
    }

    /** @todo testcase: check that the TSS.ssX RPL is checked.  Also check when. */
    if ((NewSS & X86_SEL_RPL) != uCpl)
    {
        Log(("iemMiscValidateNewSSandRsp: %#x - RPL and CPL (%d) differs -> #TS\n", NewSS, uCpl));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultBySelector(pVCpu, NewSS);
    }

    /*
     * Read the descriptor.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemFetchSelDesc(pVCpu, pDesc, NewSS, X86_XCPT_TS);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return rcStrict;

    /*
     * Perform the descriptor validation documented for LSS, POP SS and MOV SS.
     */
    if (!pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u1DescType)
    {
        Log(("iemMiscValidateNewSSandRsp: %#x - system selector (%#x) -> #TS\n", NewSS, pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u4Type));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultBySelector(pVCpu, NewSS);
    }

    if (    (pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE)
        || !(pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_WRITE) )
    {
        Log(("iemMiscValidateNewSSandRsp: %#x - code or read only (%#x) -> #TS\n", NewSS, pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u4Type));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultBySelector(pVCpu, NewSS);
    }
    if (pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl != uCpl)
    {
        Log(("iemMiscValidateNewSSandRsp: %#x - DPL (%d) and CPL (%d) differs -> #TS\n", NewSS, pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl, uCpl));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultBySelector(pVCpu, NewSS);
    }

    /* Is it there? */
    /** @todo testcase: Is this checked before the canonical / limit check below? */
    if (!pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u1Present)
    {
        Log(("iemMiscValidateNewSSandRsp: %#x - segment not present -> #NP\n", NewSS));
        return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentBySelector(pVCpu, NewSS);
    }

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Gets the correct EFLAGS regardless of whether PATM stores parts of them or
 * not (kind of obsolete now).
 *
 * @param   a_pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
#define IEMMISC_GET_EFL(a_pVCpu)            ( (a_pVCpu)->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u  )

/**
 * Updates the EFLAGS in the correct manner wrt. PATM (kind of obsolete).
 *
 * @param   a_pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   a_fEfl  The new EFLAGS.
 */
#define IEMMISC_SET_EFL(a_pVCpu, a_fEfl)    do { (a_pVCpu)->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u = (a_fEfl); } while (0)

/** @} */


/** @name  Raising Exceptions.
 *
 * @{
 */


/**
 * Loads the specified stack far pointer from the TSS.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   uCpl            The CPL to load the stack for.
 * @param   pSelSS          Where to return the new stack segment.
 * @param   puEsp           Where to return the new stack pointer.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemRaiseLoadStackFromTss32Or16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t uCpl, PRTSEL pSelSS, uint32_t *puEsp)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    Assert(uCpl < 4);

    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_RET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_TR | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_GDTR | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_LDTR);
    switch (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Attr.n.u4Type)
    {
        /*
         * 16-bit TSS (X86TSS16).
         */
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_AVAIL: AssertFailed(); RT_FALL_THRU();
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_BUSY:
        {
            uint32_t off = uCpl * 4 + 2;
            if (off + 4 <= pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u32Limit)
            {
                /** @todo check actual access pattern here. */
                uint32_t u32Tmp = 0; /* gcc maybe... */
                rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU32(pVCpu, &u32Tmp, UINT8_MAX, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u64Base + off);
                if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                {
                    *puEsp  = RT_LOWORD(u32Tmp);
                    *pSelSS = RT_HIWORD(u32Tmp);
                    return VINF_SUCCESS;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Log(("LoadStackFromTss32Or16: out of bounds! uCpl=%d, u32Limit=%#x TSS16\n", uCpl, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u32Limit));
                rcStrict = iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultCurrentTSS(pVCpu);
            }
            break;
        }

        /*
         * 32-bit TSS (X86TSS32).
         */
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_AVAIL: AssertFailed(); RT_FALL_THRU();
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_BUSY:
        {
            uint32_t off = uCpl * 8 + 4;
            if (off + 7 <= pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u32Limit)
            {
/** @todo check actual access pattern here. */
                uint64_t u64Tmp;
                rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU64(pVCpu, &u64Tmp, UINT8_MAX, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u64Base + off);
                if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                {
                    *puEsp  = u64Tmp & UINT32_MAX;
                    *pSelSS = (RTSEL)(u64Tmp >> 32);
                    return VINF_SUCCESS;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Log(("LoadStackFromTss32Or16: out of bounds! uCpl=%d, u32Limit=%#x TSS16\n", uCpl, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u32Limit));
                rcStrict = iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultCurrentTSS(pVCpu);
            }
            break;
        }

        default:
            AssertFailed();
            rcStrict = VERR_IEM_IPE_4;
            break;
    }

    *puEsp  = 0; /* make gcc happy */
    *pSelSS = 0; /* make gcc happy */
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Loads the specified stack pointer from the 64-bit TSS.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   uCpl            The CPL to load the stack for.
 * @param   uIst            The interrupt stack table index, 0 if to use uCpl.
 * @param   puRsp           Where to return the new stack pointer.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemRaiseLoadStackFromTss64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t uCpl, uint8_t uIst, uint64_t *puRsp)
{
    Assert(uCpl < 4);
    Assert(uIst < 8);
    *puRsp  = 0; /* make gcc happy */

    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_RET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_TR | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_GDTR | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_LDTR);
    AssertReturn(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Attr.n.u4Type == AMD64_SEL_TYPE_SYS_TSS_BUSY, VERR_IEM_IPE_5);

    uint32_t off;
    if (uIst)
        off = (uIst - 1) * sizeof(uint64_t) + RT_UOFFSETOF(X86TSS64, ist1);
    else
        off = uCpl * sizeof(uint64_t) + RT_UOFFSETOF(X86TSS64, rsp0);
    if (off + sizeof(uint64_t) > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u32Limit)
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseLoadStackFromTss64: out of bounds! uCpl=%d uIst=%d, u32Limit=%#x\n", uCpl, uIst, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u32Limit));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultCurrentTSS(pVCpu);
    }

    return iemMemFetchSysU64(pVCpu, puRsp, UINT8_MAX, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u64Base + off);
}


/**
 * Adjust the CPU state according to the exception being raised.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u8Vector        The exception that has been raised.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemRaiseXcptAdjustState(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t u8Vector)
{
    switch (u8Vector)
    {
        case X86_XCPT_DB:
            IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_DR7);
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.dr[7] &= ~X86_DR7_GD;
            break;
        /** @todo Read the AMD and Intel exception reference... */
    }
}


/**
 * Implements exceptions and interrupts for real mode.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbInstr         The number of bytes to offset rIP by in the return
 *                          address.
 * @param   u8Vector        The interrupt / exception vector number.
 * @param   fFlags          The flags.
 * @param   uErr            The error value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR is set.
 * @param   uCr2            The CR2 value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2 is set.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemRaiseXcptOrIntInRealMode(PVMCPUCC      pVCpu,
                            uint8_t     cbInstr,
                            uint8_t     u8Vector,
                            uint32_t    fFlags,
                            uint16_t    uErr,
                            uint64_t    uCr2)
{
    NOREF(uErr); NOREF(uCr2);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCPT_MASK);

    /*
     * Read the IDT entry.
     */
    if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.cbIdt < UINT32_C(4) * u8Vector + 3)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInRealMode: %#x is out of bounds (%#x)\n", u8Vector, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.cbIdt));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
    }
    RTFAR16 Idte;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, (uint32_t *)&Idte, UINT8_MAX, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.pIdt + UINT32_C(4) * u8Vector);
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS))
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInRealMode: failed to fetch IDT entry! vec=%#x rc=%Rrc\n", u8Vector, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        return rcStrict;
    }

    /*
     * Push the stack frame.
     */
    uint16_t *pu16Frame;
    uint64_t  uNewRsp;
    rcStrict = iemMemStackPushBeginSpecial(pVCpu, 6, (void **)&pu16Frame, &uNewRsp);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return rcStrict;

    uint32_t fEfl = IEMMISC_GET_EFL(pVCpu);
#if IEM_CFG_TARGET_CPU == IEMTARGETCPU_DYNAMIC
    AssertCompile(IEMTARGETCPU_8086 <= IEMTARGETCPU_186 && IEMTARGETCPU_V20 <= IEMTARGETCPU_186 && IEMTARGETCPU_286 > IEMTARGETCPU_186);
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.uTargetCpu <= IEMTARGETCPU_186)
        fEfl |= UINT16_C(0xf000);
#endif
    pu16Frame[2] = (uint16_t)fEfl;
    pu16Frame[1] = (uint16_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel;
    pu16Frame[0] = (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT) ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ip + cbInstr : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ip;
    rcStrict = iemMemStackPushCommitSpecial(pVCpu, pu16Frame, uNewRsp);
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS))
        return rcStrict;

    /*
     * Load the vector address into cs:ip and make exception specific state
     * adjustments.
     */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel           = Idte.sel;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.ValidSel      = Idte.sel;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.fFlags        = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u64Base       = (uint32_t)Idte.sel << 4;
    /** @todo do we load attribs and limit as well? Should we check against limit like far jump? */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip              = Idte.off;
    fEfl &= ~(X86_EFL_IF | X86_EFL_TF | X86_EFL_AC);
    IEMMISC_SET_EFL(pVCpu, fEfl);

    /** @todo do we actually do this in real mode? */
    if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT)
        iemRaiseXcptAdjustState(pVCpu, u8Vector);

    return fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT ? VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT : VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Loads a NULL data selector into when coming from V8086 mode.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pSReg           Pointer to the segment register.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemHlpLoadNullDataSelectorOnV86Xcpt(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMSELREG pSReg)
{
    pSReg->Sel      = 0;
    pSReg->ValidSel = 0;
    if (IEM_IS_GUEST_CPU_INTEL(pVCpu))
    {
        /* VT-x (Intel 3960x) doesn't change the base and limit, clears and sets the following attributes */
        pSReg->Attr.u &= X86DESCATTR_DT | X86DESCATTR_TYPE | X86DESCATTR_DPL | X86DESCATTR_G | X86DESCATTR_D;
        pSReg->Attr.u |= X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
    }
    else
    {
        pSReg->fFlags   = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
        /** @todo check this on AMD-V */
        pSReg->u64Base  = 0;
        pSReg->u32Limit = 0;
    }
}


/**
 * Loads a segment selector during a task switch in V8086 mode.
 *
 * @param   pSReg           Pointer to the segment register.
 * @param   uSel            The selector value to load.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemHlpLoadSelectorInV86Mode(PCPUMSELREG pSReg, uint16_t uSel)
{
    /* See Intel spec. 26.3.1.2 "Checks on Guest Segment Registers". */
    pSReg->Sel      = uSel;
    pSReg->ValidSel = uSel;
    pSReg->fFlags   = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
    pSReg->u64Base  = uSel << 4;
    pSReg->u32Limit = 0xffff;
    pSReg->Attr.u   = 0xf3;
}


/**
 * Loads a NULL data selector into a selector register, both the hidden and
 * visible parts, in protected mode.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pSReg               Pointer to the segment register.
 * @param   uRpl                The RPL.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemHlpLoadNullDataSelectorProt(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMSELREG pSReg, RTSEL uRpl)
{
    /** @todo Testcase: write a testcase checking what happends when loading a NULL
     *        data selector in protected mode. */
    pSReg->Sel      = uRpl;
    pSReg->ValidSel = uRpl;
    pSReg->fFlags   = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
    if (IEM_IS_GUEST_CPU_INTEL(pVCpu))
    {
        /* VT-x (Intel 3960x) observed doing something like this. */
        pSReg->Attr.u   = X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE | X86DESCATTR_G | X86DESCATTR_D | (pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl << X86DESCATTR_DPL_SHIFT);
        pSReg->u32Limit = UINT32_MAX;
        pSReg->u64Base  = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        pSReg->Attr.u   = X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
        pSReg->u32Limit = 0;
        pSReg->u64Base  = 0;
    }
}


/**
 * Loads a segment selector during a task switch in protected mode.
 *
 * In this task switch scenario, we would throw \#TS exceptions rather than
 * \#GPs.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pSReg           Pointer to the segment register.
 * @param   uSel            The new selector value.
 *
 * @remarks This does _not_ handle CS or SS.
 * @remarks This expects pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl to be up to date.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMSELREG pSReg, uint16_t uSel)
{
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT);

    /* Null data selector. */
    if (!(uSel & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL))
    {
        iemHlpLoadNullDataSelectorProt(pVCpu, pSReg, uSel);
        Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, pSReg));
        CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_HIDDEN_SEL_REGS);
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }

    /* Fetch the descriptor. */
    IEMSELDESC Desc;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemFetchSelDesc(pVCpu, &Desc, uSel, X86_XCPT_TS);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        Log(("iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode: failed to fetch selector. uSel=%u rc=%Rrc\n", uSel,
             VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        return rcStrict;
    }

    /* Must be a data segment or readable code segment. */
    if (   !Desc.Legacy.Gen.u1DescType
        || (Desc.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & (X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_READ)) == X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE)
    {
        Log(("iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode: invalid segment type. uSel=%u Desc.u4Type=%#x\n", uSel,
             Desc.Legacy.Gen.u4Type));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uSel & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }

    /* Check privileges for data segments and non-conforming code segments. */
    if (   (Desc.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & (X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_CONF))
        != (X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_CONF))
    {
        /* The RPL and the new CPL must be less than or equal to the DPL. */
        if (   (unsigned)(uSel & X86_SEL_RPL) > Desc.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl
            || (pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl > Desc.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl))
        {
            Log(("iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode: Invalid priv. uSel=%u uSel.RPL=%u DPL=%u CPL=%u\n",
                 uSel, (uSel & X86_SEL_RPL), Desc.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl, pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uSel & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }
    }

    /* Is it there? */
    if (!Desc.Legacy.Gen.u1Present)
    {
        Log(("iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode: Segment not present. uSel=%u\n", uSel));
        return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentWithErr(pVCpu, uSel & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }

    /* The base and limit. */
    uint32_t cbLimit = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&Desc.Legacy);
    uint64_t u64Base = X86DESC_BASE(&Desc.Legacy);

    /*
     * Ok, everything checked out fine. Now set the accessed bit before
     * committing the result into the registers.
     */
    if (!(Desc.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED))
    {
        rcStrict = iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(pVCpu, uSel);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        Desc.Legacy.Gen.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED;
    }

    /* Commit */
    pSReg->Sel      = uSel;
    pSReg->Attr.u   = X86DESC_GET_HID_ATTR(&Desc.Legacy);
    pSReg->u32Limit = cbLimit;
    pSReg->u64Base  = u64Base;  /** @todo testcase/investigate: seen claims that the upper half of the base remains unchanged... */
    pSReg->ValidSel = uSel;
    pSReg->fFlags   = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
    if (IEM_IS_GUEST_CPU_INTEL(pVCpu))
        pSReg->Attr.u &= ~X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;

    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, pSReg));
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_HIDDEN_SEL_REGS);
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Performs a task switch.
 *
 * If the task switch is the result of a JMP, CALL or IRET instruction, the
 * caller is responsible for performing the necessary checks (like DPL, TSS
 * present etc.) which are specific to JMP/CALL/IRET. See Intel Instruction
 * reference for JMP, CALL, IRET.
 *
 * If the task switch is the due to a software interrupt or hardware exception,
 * the caller is responsible for validating the TSS selector and descriptor. See
 * Intel Instruction reference for INT n.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   enmTaskSwitch   The cause of the task switch.
 * @param   uNextEip        The EIP effective after the task switch.
 * @param   fFlags          The flags, see IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_XXX.
 * @param   uErr            The error value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR is set.
 * @param   uCr2            The CR2 value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2 is set.
 * @param   SelTSS          The TSS selector of the new task.
 * @param   pNewDescTSS     Pointer to the new TSS descriptor.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemTaskSwitch(PVMCPUCC        pVCpu,
              IEMTASKSWITCH   enmTaskSwitch,
              uint32_t        uNextEip,
              uint32_t        fFlags,
              uint16_t        uErr,
              uint64_t        uCr2,
              RTSEL           SelTSS,
              PIEMSELDESC     pNewDescTSS)
{
    Assert(!IEM_IS_REAL_MODE(pVCpu));
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCPT_MASK);

    uint32_t const uNewTSSType = pNewDescTSS->Legacy.Gate.u4Type;
    Assert(   uNewTSSType == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_AVAIL
           || uNewTSSType == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_BUSY
           || uNewTSSType == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_AVAIL
           || uNewTSSType == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_BUSY);

    bool const fIsNewTSS386 = (   uNewTSSType == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_AVAIL
                               || uNewTSSType == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_BUSY);

    Log(("iemTaskSwitch: enmTaskSwitch=%u NewTSS=%#x fIsNewTSS386=%RTbool EIP=%#RX32 uNextEip=%#RX32\n", enmTaskSwitch, SelTSS,
         fIsNewTSS386, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip, uNextEip));

    /* Update CR2 in case it's a page-fault. */
    /** @todo This should probably be done much earlier in IEM/PGM. See
     *        @bugref{5653#c49}. */
    if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr2 = uCr2;

    /*
     * Check the new TSS limit. See Intel spec. 6.15 "Exception and Interrupt Reference"
     * subsection "Interrupt 10 - Invalid TSS Exception (#TS)".
     */
    uint32_t const uNewTSSLimit    = pNewDescTSS->Legacy.Gen.u16LimitLow | (pNewDescTSS->Legacy.Gen.u4LimitHigh << 16);
    uint32_t const uNewTSSLimitMin = fIsNewTSS386 ? X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_LIMIT_MIN : X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_LIMIT_MIN;
    if (uNewTSSLimit < uNewTSSLimitMin)
    {
        Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Invalid new TSS limit. enmTaskSwitch=%u uNewTSSLimit=%#x uNewTSSLimitMin=%#x -> #TS\n",
             enmTaskSwitch, uNewTSSLimit, uNewTSSLimitMin));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, SelTSS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }

    /*
     * Task switches in VMX non-root mode always cause task switches.
     * The new TSS must have been read and validated (DPL, limits etc.) before a
     * task-switch VM-exit commences.
     *
     * See Intel spec. 25.4.2 "Treatment of Task Switches".
     */
    if (IEM_VMX_IS_NON_ROOT_MODE(pVCpu))
    {
        Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Guest intercept (source=%u, sel=%#x) -> VM-exit.\n", enmTaskSwitch, SelTSS));
        IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_TASK_SWITCH_RET(pVCpu, enmTaskSwitch, SelTSS, uNextEip - pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip);
    }

    /*
     * The SVM nested-guest intercept for task-switch takes priority over all exceptions
     * after validating the incoming (new) TSS, see AMD spec. 15.14.1 "Task Switch Intercept".
     */
    if (IEM_SVM_IS_CTRL_INTERCEPT_SET(pVCpu, SVM_CTRL_INTERCEPT_TASK_SWITCH))
    {
        uint32_t const uExitInfo1 = SelTSS;
        uint32_t       uExitInfo2 = uErr;
        switch (enmTaskSwitch)
        {
            case IEMTASKSWITCH_JUMP: uExitInfo2 |= SVM_EXIT2_TASK_SWITCH_JUMP; break;
            case IEMTASKSWITCH_IRET: uExitInfo2 |= SVM_EXIT2_TASK_SWITCH_IRET; break;
            default: break;
        }
        if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR)
            uExitInfo2 |= SVM_EXIT2_TASK_SWITCH_HAS_ERROR_CODE;
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1RF)
            uExitInfo2 |= SVM_EXIT2_TASK_SWITCH_EFLAGS_RF;

        Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Guest intercept -> #VMEXIT. uExitInfo1=%#RX64 uExitInfo2=%#RX64\n", uExitInfo1, uExitInfo2));
        IEM_SVM_VMEXIT_RET(pVCpu, SVM_EXIT_TASK_SWITCH, uExitInfo1, uExitInfo2);
        RT_NOREF2(uExitInfo1, uExitInfo2);
    }

    /*
     * Check the current TSS limit. The last written byte to the current TSS during the
     * task switch will be 2 bytes at offset 0x5C (32-bit) and 1 byte at offset 0x28 (16-bit).
     * See Intel spec. 7.2.1 "Task-State Segment (TSS)" for static and dynamic fields.
     *
     * The AMD docs doesn't mention anything about limit checks with LTR which suggests you can
     * end up with smaller than "legal" TSS limits.
     */
    uint32_t const uCurTSSLimit    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u32Limit;
    uint32_t const uCurTSSLimitMin = fIsNewTSS386 ? 0x5F : 0x29;
    if (uCurTSSLimit < uCurTSSLimitMin)
    {
        Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Invalid current TSS limit. enmTaskSwitch=%u uCurTSSLimit=%#x uCurTSSLimitMin=%#x -> #TS\n",
             enmTaskSwitch, uCurTSSLimit, uCurTSSLimitMin));
        return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, SelTSS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }

    /*
     * Verify that the new TSS can be accessed and map it. Map only the required contents
     * and not the entire TSS.
     */
    void           *pvNewTSS;
    uint32_t  const cbNewTSS    = uNewTSSLimitMin + 1;
    RTGCPTR   const GCPtrNewTSS = X86DESC_BASE(&pNewDescTSS->Legacy);
    AssertCompile(sizeof(X86TSS32) == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_LIMIT_MIN + 1);
    /** @todo Handle if the TSS crosses a page boundary. Intel specifies that it may
     *        not perform correct translation if this happens. See Intel spec. 7.2.1
     *        "Task-State Segment". */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, &pvNewTSS, cbNewTSS, UINT8_MAX, GCPtrNewTSS, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to read new TSS. enmTaskSwitch=%u cbNewTSS=%u uNewTSSLimit=%u rc=%Rrc\n", enmTaskSwitch,
             cbNewTSS, uNewTSSLimit, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        return rcStrict;
    }

    /*
     * Clear the busy bit in current task's TSS descriptor if it's a task switch due to JMP/IRET.
     */
    uint32_t u32EFlags = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u32;
    if (   enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_JUMP
        || enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_IRET)
    {
        PX86DESC pDescCurTSS;
        rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pDescCurTSS, sizeof(*pDescCurTSS), UINT8_MAX,
                             pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.pGdt + (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Sel & X86_SEL_MASK), IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to read new TSS descriptor in GDT. enmTaskSwitch=%u pGdt=%#RX64 rc=%Rrc\n",
                 enmTaskSwitch, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.pGdt, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }

        pDescCurTSS->Gate.u4Type &= ~X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_TSS_BUSY_MASK;
        rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pDescCurTSS, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to commit new TSS descriptor in GDT. enmTaskSwitch=%u pGdt=%#RX64 rc=%Rrc\n",
                 enmTaskSwitch, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.pGdt, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }

        /* Clear EFLAGS.NT (Nested Task) in the eflags memory image, if it's a task switch due to an IRET. */
        if (enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_IRET)
        {
            Assert(   uNewTSSType == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_BUSY
                   || uNewTSSType == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_BUSY);
            u32EFlags &= ~X86_EFL_NT;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Save the CPU state into the current TSS.
     */
    RTGCPTR const GCPtrCurTSS = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u64Base;
    if (GCPtrNewTSS == GCPtrCurTSS)
    {
        Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Switching to the same TSS! enmTaskSwitch=%u GCPtr[Cur|New]TSS=%#RGv\n", enmTaskSwitch, GCPtrCurTSS));
        Log(("uCurCr3=%#x uCurEip=%#x uCurEflags=%#x uCurEax=%#x uCurEsp=%#x uCurEbp=%#x uCurCS=%#04x uCurSS=%#04x uCurLdt=%#x\n",
             pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr3, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u32, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax,
             pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel,
             pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Sel));
    }
    if (fIsNewTSS386)
    {
        /*
         * Verify that the current TSS (32-bit) can be accessed, only the minimum required size.
         * See Intel spec. 7.2.1 "Task-State Segment (TSS)" for static and dynamic fields.
         */
        void          *pvCurTSS32;
        uint32_t const offCurTSS = RT_UOFFSETOF(X86TSS32, eip);
        uint32_t const cbCurTSS  = RT_UOFFSETOF(X86TSS32, selLdt) - RT_UOFFSETOF(X86TSS32, eip);
        AssertCompile(RTASSERT_OFFSET_OF(X86TSS32, selLdt) - RTASSERT_OFFSET_OF(X86TSS32, eip) == 64);
        rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, &pvCurTSS32, cbCurTSS, UINT8_MAX, GCPtrCurTSS + offCurTSS, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to read current 32-bit TSS. enmTaskSwitch=%u GCPtrCurTSS=%#RGv cb=%u rc=%Rrc\n",
                 enmTaskSwitch, GCPtrCurTSS, cbCurTSS, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }

        /* !! WARNING !! Access -only- the members (dynamic fields) that are mapped, i.e interval [offCurTSS..cbCurTSS). */
        PX86TSS32 pCurTSS32 = (PX86TSS32)((uintptr_t)pvCurTSS32 - offCurTSS);
        pCurTSS32->eip    = uNextEip;
        pCurTSS32->eflags = u32EFlags;
        pCurTSS32->eax    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax;
        pCurTSS32->ecx    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx;
        pCurTSS32->edx    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx;
        pCurTSS32->ebx    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx;
        pCurTSS32->esp    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp;
        pCurTSS32->ebp    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp;
        pCurTSS32->esi    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi;
        pCurTSS32->edi    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi;
        pCurTSS32->es     = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Sel;
        pCurTSS32->cs     = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel;
        pCurTSS32->ss     = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel;
        pCurTSS32->ds     = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Sel;
        pCurTSS32->fs     = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs.Sel;
        pCurTSS32->gs     = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs.Sel;

        rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pvCurTSS32, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to commit current 32-bit TSS. enmTaskSwitch=%u rc=%Rrc\n", enmTaskSwitch,
                 VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        /*
         * Verify that the current TSS (16-bit) can be accessed. Again, only the minimum required size.
         */
        void          *pvCurTSS16;
        uint32_t const offCurTSS = RT_UOFFSETOF(X86TSS16, ip);
        uint32_t const cbCurTSS  = RT_UOFFSETOF(X86TSS16, selLdt) - RT_UOFFSETOF(X86TSS16, ip);
        AssertCompile(RTASSERT_OFFSET_OF(X86TSS16, selLdt) - RTASSERT_OFFSET_OF(X86TSS16, ip) == 28);
        rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, &pvCurTSS16, cbCurTSS, UINT8_MAX, GCPtrCurTSS + offCurTSS, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to read current 16-bit TSS. enmTaskSwitch=%u GCPtrCurTSS=%#RGv cb=%u rc=%Rrc\n",
                 enmTaskSwitch, GCPtrCurTSS, cbCurTSS, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }

        /* !! WARNING !! Access -only- the members (dynamic fields) that are mapped, i.e interval [offCurTSS..cbCurTSS). */
        PX86TSS16 pCurTSS16 = (PX86TSS16)((uintptr_t)pvCurTSS16 - offCurTSS);
        pCurTSS16->ip    = uNextEip;
        pCurTSS16->flags = u32EFlags;
        pCurTSS16->ax    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ax;
        pCurTSS16->cx    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cx;
        pCurTSS16->dx    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.dx;
        pCurTSS16->bx    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx;
        pCurTSS16->sp    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.sp;
        pCurTSS16->bp    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp;
        pCurTSS16->si    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si;
        pCurTSS16->di    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di;
        pCurTSS16->es    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Sel;
        pCurTSS16->cs    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel;
        pCurTSS16->ss    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel;
        pCurTSS16->ds    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Sel;

        rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pvCurTSS16, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to commit current 16-bit TSS. enmTaskSwitch=%u rc=%Rrc\n", enmTaskSwitch,
                 VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Update the previous task link field for the new TSS, if the task switch is due to a CALL/INT_XCPT.
     */
    if (   enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_CALL
        || enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_INT_XCPT)
    {
        /* 16 or 32-bit TSS doesn't matter, we only access the first, common 16-bit field (selPrev) here. */
        PX86TSS32 pNewTSS = (PX86TSS32)pvNewTSS;
        pNewTSS->selPrev  = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Sel;
    }

    /*
     * Read the state from the new TSS into temporaries. Setting it immediately as the new CPU state is tricky,
     * it's done further below with error handling (e.g. CR3 changes will go through PGM).
     */
    uint32_t uNewCr3, uNewEip, uNewEflags, uNewEax, uNewEcx, uNewEdx, uNewEbx, uNewEsp, uNewEbp, uNewEsi, uNewEdi;
    uint16_t uNewES,  uNewCS, uNewSS, uNewDS, uNewFS, uNewGS, uNewLdt;
    bool     fNewDebugTrap;
    if (fIsNewTSS386)
    {
        PCX86TSS32 pNewTSS32 = (PCX86TSS32)pvNewTSS;
        uNewCr3       = (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_PG) ? pNewTSS32->cr3 : 0;
        uNewEip       = pNewTSS32->eip;
        uNewEflags    = pNewTSS32->eflags;
        uNewEax       = pNewTSS32->eax;
        uNewEcx       = pNewTSS32->ecx;
        uNewEdx       = pNewTSS32->edx;
        uNewEbx       = pNewTSS32->ebx;
        uNewEsp       = pNewTSS32->esp;
        uNewEbp       = pNewTSS32->ebp;
        uNewEsi       = pNewTSS32->esi;
        uNewEdi       = pNewTSS32->edi;
        uNewES        = pNewTSS32->es;
        uNewCS        = pNewTSS32->cs;
        uNewSS        = pNewTSS32->ss;
        uNewDS        = pNewTSS32->ds;
        uNewFS        = pNewTSS32->fs;
        uNewGS        = pNewTSS32->gs;
        uNewLdt       = pNewTSS32->selLdt;
        fNewDebugTrap = RT_BOOL(pNewTSS32->fDebugTrap);
    }
    else
    {
        PCX86TSS16 pNewTSS16 = (PCX86TSS16)pvNewTSS;
        uNewCr3       = 0;
        uNewEip       = pNewTSS16->ip;
        uNewEflags    = pNewTSS16->flags;
        uNewEax       = UINT32_C(0xffff0000) | pNewTSS16->ax;
        uNewEcx       = UINT32_C(0xffff0000) | pNewTSS16->cx;
        uNewEdx       = UINT32_C(0xffff0000) | pNewTSS16->dx;
        uNewEbx       = UINT32_C(0xffff0000) | pNewTSS16->bx;
        uNewEsp       = UINT32_C(0xffff0000) | pNewTSS16->sp;
        uNewEbp       = UINT32_C(0xffff0000) | pNewTSS16->bp;
        uNewEsi       = UINT32_C(0xffff0000) | pNewTSS16->si;
        uNewEdi       = UINT32_C(0xffff0000) | pNewTSS16->di;
        uNewES        = pNewTSS16->es;
        uNewCS        = pNewTSS16->cs;
        uNewSS        = pNewTSS16->ss;
        uNewDS        = pNewTSS16->ds;
        uNewFS        = 0;
        uNewGS        = 0;
        uNewLdt       = pNewTSS16->selLdt;
        fNewDebugTrap = false;
    }

    if (GCPtrNewTSS == GCPtrCurTSS)
        Log(("uNewCr3=%#x uNewEip=%#x uNewEflags=%#x uNewEax=%#x uNewEsp=%#x uNewEbp=%#x uNewCS=%#04x uNewSS=%#04x uNewLdt=%#x\n",
             uNewCr3, uNewEip, uNewEflags, uNewEax, uNewEsp, uNewEbp, uNewCS, uNewSS, uNewLdt));

    /*
     * We're done accessing the new TSS.
     */
    rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pvNewTSS, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to commit new TSS. enmTaskSwitch=%u rc=%Rrc\n", enmTaskSwitch, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        return rcStrict;
    }

    /*
     * Set the busy bit in the new TSS descriptor, if the task switch is a JMP/CALL/INT_XCPT.
     */
    if (enmTaskSwitch != IEMTASKSWITCH_IRET)
    {
        rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pNewDescTSS, sizeof(*pNewDescTSS), UINT8_MAX,
                             pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.pGdt + (SelTSS & X86_SEL_MASK), IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to read new TSS descriptor in GDT (2). enmTaskSwitch=%u pGdt=%#RX64 rc=%Rrc\n",
                 enmTaskSwitch, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.pGdt, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }

        /* Check that the descriptor indicates the new TSS is available (not busy). */
        AssertMsg(   pNewDescTSS->Legacy.Gate.u4Type == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_AVAIL
                  || pNewDescTSS->Legacy.Gate.u4Type == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_AVAIL,
                     ("Invalid TSS descriptor type=%#x", pNewDescTSS->Legacy.Gate.u4Type));

        pNewDescTSS->Legacy.Gate.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_TSS_BUSY_MASK;
        rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pNewDescTSS, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Failed to commit new TSS descriptor in GDT (2). enmTaskSwitch=%u pGdt=%#RX64 rc=%Rrc\n",
                 enmTaskSwitch, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.pGdt, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }
    }

    /*
     * From this point on, we're technically in the new task. We will defer exceptions
     * until the completion of the task switch but before executing any instructions in the new task.
     */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Sel      = SelTSS;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.ValidSel = SelTSS;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.fFlags   = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Attr.u   = X86DESC_GET_HID_ATTR(&pNewDescTSS->Legacy);
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u32Limit = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&pNewDescTSS->Legacy);
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.u64Base  = X86DESC_BASE(&pNewDescTSS->Legacy);
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_TR);

    /* Set the busy bit in TR. */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Attr.n.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_TSS_BUSY_MASK;

    /* Set EFLAGS.NT (Nested Task) in the eflags loaded from the new TSS, if it's a task switch due to a CALL/INT_XCPT. */
    if (   enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_CALL
        || enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_INT_XCPT)
    {
        uNewEflags |= X86_EFL_NT;
    }

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.dr[7] &= ~X86_DR7_LE_ALL;     /** @todo Should we clear DR7.LE bit too? */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0   |= X86_CR0_TS;
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_CR0);

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip    = uNewEip;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax    = uNewEax;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx    = uNewEcx;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx    = uNewEdx;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx    = uNewEbx;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp    = uNewEsp;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp    = uNewEbp;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi    = uNewEsi;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi    = uNewEdi;

    uNewEflags &= X86_EFL_LIVE_MASK;
    uNewEflags |= X86_EFL_RA1_MASK;
    IEMMISC_SET_EFL(pVCpu, uNewEflags);

    /*
     * Switch the selectors here and do the segment checks later. If we throw exceptions, the selectors
     * will be valid in the exception handler. We cannot update the hidden parts until we've switched CR3
     * due to the hidden part data originating from the guest LDT/GDT which is accessed through paging.
     */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Sel       = uNewES;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Attr.u   &= ~X86DESCATTR_P;

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel       = uNewCS;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Attr.u   &= ~X86DESCATTR_P;

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel       = uNewSS;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.u   &= ~X86DESCATTR_P;

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Sel       = uNewDS;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Attr.u   &= ~X86DESCATTR_P;

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs.Sel       = uNewFS;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs.Attr.u   &= ~X86DESCATTR_P;

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs.Sel       = uNewGS;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs.Attr.u   &= ~X86DESCATTR_P;
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_HIDDEN_SEL_REGS);

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Sel     = uNewLdt;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.fFlags  = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_STALE;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Attr.u &= ~X86DESCATTR_P;
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_LDTR);

    if (IEM_IS_GUEST_CPU_INTEL(pVCpu))
    {
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Attr.u   |= X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Attr.u   |= X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.u   |= X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Attr.u   |= X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs.Attr.u   |= X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs.Attr.u   |= X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Attr.u |= X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
    }

    /*
     * Switch CR3 for the new task.
     */
    if (   fIsNewTSS386
        && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_PG))
    {
        /** @todo Should we update and flush TLBs only if CR3 value actually changes? */
        int rc = CPUMSetGuestCR3(pVCpu, uNewCr3);
        AssertRCSuccessReturn(rc, rc);

        /* Inform PGM. */
        /** @todo Should we raise \#GP(0) here when PAE PDPEs are invalid? */
        rc = PGMFlushTLB(pVCpu, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr3, !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_PGE));
        AssertRCReturn(rc, rc);
        /* ignore informational status codes */

        CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_CR3);
    }

    /*
     * Switch LDTR for the new task.
     */
    if (!(uNewLdt & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL))
        iemHlpLoadNullDataSelectorProt(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr, uNewLdt);
    else
    {
        Assert(!pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Attr.n.u1Present);   /* Ensures that LDT.TI check passes in iemMemFetchSelDesc() below. */

        IEMSELDESC DescNewLdt;
        rcStrict = iemMemFetchSelDesc(pVCpu, &DescNewLdt, uNewLdt, X86_XCPT_TS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: fetching LDT failed. enmTaskSwitch=%u uNewLdt=%u cbGdt=%u rc=%Rrc\n", enmTaskSwitch,
                 uNewLdt, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.cbGdt, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }
        if (   !DescNewLdt.Legacy.Gen.u1Present
            ||  DescNewLdt.Legacy.Gen.u1DescType
            ||  DescNewLdt.Legacy.Gen.u4Type != X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_LDT)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Invalid LDT. enmTaskSwitch=%u uNewLdt=%u DescNewLdt.Legacy.u=%#RX64 -> #TS\n", enmTaskSwitch,
                 uNewLdt, DescNewLdt.Legacy.u));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uNewLdt & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.ValidSel = uNewLdt;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.fFlags   = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.u64Base  = X86DESC_BASE(&DescNewLdt.Legacy);
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.u32Limit = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&DescNewLdt.Legacy);
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Attr.u   = X86DESC_GET_HID_ATTR(&DescNewLdt.Legacy);
        if (IEM_IS_GUEST_CPU_INTEL(pVCpu))
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Attr.u &= ~X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
        Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr));
    }

    IEMSELDESC DescSS;
    if (IEM_IS_V86_MODE(pVCpu))
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl = 3;
        iemHlpLoadSelectorInV86Mode(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es, uNewES);
        iemHlpLoadSelectorInV86Mode(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs, uNewCS);
        iemHlpLoadSelectorInV86Mode(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss, uNewSS);
        iemHlpLoadSelectorInV86Mode(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds, uNewDS);
        iemHlpLoadSelectorInV86Mode(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs, uNewFS);
        iemHlpLoadSelectorInV86Mode(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs, uNewGS);

        /* Quick fix: fake DescSS. */ /** @todo fix the code further down? */
        DescSS.Legacy.u = 0;
        DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u16LimitLow = (uint16_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u32Limit;
        DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4LimitHigh = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u32Limit >> 16;
        DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u16BaseLow  = (uint16_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u64Base;
        DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u8BaseHigh1 = (uint8_t)(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u64Base >> 16);
        DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u8BaseHigh2 = (uint8_t)(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u64Base >> 24);
        DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type      = X86_SEL_TYPE_RW_ACC;
        DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl       = 3;
    }
    else
    {
        uint8_t const uNewCpl = (uNewCS & X86_SEL_RPL);

        /*
         * Load the stack segment for the new task.
         */
        if (!(uNewSS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL))
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Null stack segment. enmTaskSwitch=%u uNewSS=%#x -> #TS\n", enmTaskSwitch, uNewSS));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uNewSS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        /* Fetch the descriptor. */
        rcStrict = iemMemFetchSelDesc(pVCpu, &DescSS, uNewSS, X86_XCPT_TS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: failed to fetch SS. uNewSS=%#x rc=%Rrc\n", uNewSS,
                 VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }

        /* SS must be a data segment and writable. */
        if (    !DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u1DescType
            ||  (DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE)
            || !(DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_WRITE))
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: SS invalid descriptor type. uNewSS=%#x u1DescType=%u u4Type=%#x\n",
                 uNewSS, DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u1DescType, DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uNewSS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        /* The SS.RPL, SS.DPL, CS.RPL (CPL) must be equal. */
        if (   (uNewSS & X86_SEL_RPL) != uNewCpl
            || DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl != uNewCpl)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Invalid priv. for SS. uNewSS=%#x SS.DPL=%u uNewCpl=%u -> #TS\n", uNewSS, DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl,
                 uNewCpl));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uNewSS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        /* Is it there? */
        if (!DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u1Present)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: SS not present. uNewSS=%#x -> #NP\n", uNewSS));
            return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentWithErr(pVCpu, uNewSS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        uint32_t cbLimit = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&DescSS.Legacy);
        uint64_t u64Base = X86DESC_BASE(&DescSS.Legacy);

        /* Set the accessed bit before committing the result into SS. */
        if (!(DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED))
        {
            rcStrict = iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(pVCpu, uNewSS);
            if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
                return rcStrict;
            DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED;
        }

        /* Commit SS. */
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel      = uNewSS;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.ValidSel = uNewSS;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.u   = X86DESC_GET_HID_ATTR(&DescSS.Legacy);
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u32Limit = cbLimit;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u64Base  = u64Base;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.fFlags   = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
        Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss));

        /* CPL has changed, update IEM before loading rest of segments. */
        pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl = uNewCpl;

        /*
         * Load the data segments for the new task.
         */
        rcStrict = iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es, uNewES);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        rcStrict = iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds, uNewDS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        rcStrict = iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs, uNewFS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        rcStrict = iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs, uNewGS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;

        /*
         * Load the code segment for the new task.
         */
        if (!(uNewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL))
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch #TS: Null code segment. enmTaskSwitch=%u uNewCS=%#x\n", enmTaskSwitch, uNewCS));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uNewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        /* Fetch the descriptor. */
        IEMSELDESC DescCS;
        rcStrict = iemMemFetchSelDesc(pVCpu, &DescCS, uNewCS, X86_XCPT_TS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: failed to fetch CS. uNewCS=%u rc=%Rrc\n", uNewCS, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }

        /* CS must be a code segment. */
        if (   !DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u1DescType
            || !(DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE))
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: CS invalid descriptor type. uNewCS=%#x u1DescType=%u u4Type=%#x -> #TS\n", uNewCS,
                 DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u1DescType, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uNewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        /* For conforming CS, DPL must be less than or equal to the RPL. */
        if (   (DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CONF)
            && DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl > (uNewCS & X86_SEL_RPL))
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: confirming CS DPL > RPL. uNewCS=%#x u4Type=%#x DPL=%u -> #TS\n", uNewCS, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type,
                 DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uNewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        /* For non-conforming CS, DPL must match RPL. */
        if (   !(DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CONF)
            && DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl != (uNewCS & X86_SEL_RPL))
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: non-confirming CS DPL RPL mismatch. uNewCS=%#x u4Type=%#x DPL=%u -> #TS\n", uNewCS,
                 DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl));
            return iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(pVCpu, uNewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        /* Is it there? */
        if (!DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u1Present)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: CS not present. uNewCS=%#x -> #NP\n", uNewCS));
            return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentWithErr(pVCpu, uNewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
        }

        cbLimit = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&DescCS.Legacy);
        u64Base = X86DESC_BASE(&DescCS.Legacy);

        /* Set the accessed bit before committing the result into CS. */
        if (!(DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED))
        {
            rcStrict = iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(pVCpu, uNewCS);
            if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
                return rcStrict;
            DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED;
        }

        /* Commit CS. */
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel      = uNewCS;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.ValidSel = uNewCS;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Attr.u   = X86DESC_GET_HID_ATTR(&DescCS.Legacy);
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit = cbLimit;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u64Base  = u64Base;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.fFlags   = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
        Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs));
    }

    /** @todo Debug trap. */
    if (fIsNewTSS386 && fNewDebugTrap)
        Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Debug Trap set in new TSS. Not implemented!\n"));

    /*
     * Construct the error code masks based on what caused this task switch.
     * See Intel Instruction reference for INT.
     */
    uint16_t uExt;
    if (   enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_INT_XCPT
        && (   !(fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT)
            ||  (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ICEBP_INSTR)))
    {
        uExt = 1;
    }
    else
        uExt = 0;

    /*
     * Push any error code on to the new stack.
     */
    if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR)
    {
        Assert(enmTaskSwitch == IEMTASKSWITCH_INT_XCPT);
        uint32_t      cbLimitSS    = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&DescSS.Legacy);
        uint8_t const cbStackFrame = fIsNewTSS386 ? 4 : 2;

        /* Check that there is sufficient space on the stack. */
        /** @todo Factor out segment limit checking for normal/expand down segments
         *        into a separate function. */
        if (!(DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_DOWN))
        {
            if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp - 1 > cbLimitSS
                || pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp < cbStackFrame)
            {
                /** @todo Intel says \#SS(EXT) for INT/XCPT, I couldn't figure out AMD yet. */
                Log(("iemTaskSwitch: SS=%#x ESP=%#x cbStackFrame=%#x is out of bounds -> #SS\n",
                     pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp, cbStackFrame));
                return iemRaiseStackSelectorNotPresentWithErr(pVCpu, uExt);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp - 1 > (DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u1DefBig ? UINT32_MAX : UINT32_C(0xffff))
                || pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp - cbStackFrame < cbLimitSS + UINT32_C(1))
            {
                Log(("iemTaskSwitch: SS=%#x ESP=%#x cbStackFrame=%#x (expand down) is out of bounds -> #SS\n",
                     pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp, cbStackFrame));
                return iemRaiseStackSelectorNotPresentWithErr(pVCpu, uExt);
            }
        }


        if (fIsNewTSS386)
            rcStrict = iemMemStackPushU32(pVCpu, uErr);
        else
            rcStrict = iemMemStackPushU16(pVCpu, uErr);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Can't push error code to new task's stack. %s-bit TSS. rc=%Rrc\n",
                 fIsNewTSS386 ? "32" : "16", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }
    }

    /* Check the new EIP against the new CS limit. */
    if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit)
    {
        Log(("iemHlpTaskSwitchLoadDataSelectorInProtMode: New EIP exceeds CS limit. uNewEIP=%#RX32 CS limit=%u -> #GP(0)\n",
             pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit));
        /** @todo Intel says \#GP(EXT) for INT/XCPT, I couldn't figure out AMD yet. */
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, uExt);
    }

    Log(("iemTaskSwitch: Success! New CS:EIP=%#04x:%#x SS=%#04x\n", pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip,
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel));
    return fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT ? VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT : VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Implements exceptions and interrupts for protected mode.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbInstr         The number of bytes to offset rIP by in the return
 *                          address.
 * @param   u8Vector        The interrupt / exception vector number.
 * @param   fFlags          The flags.
 * @param   uErr            The error value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR is set.
 * @param   uCr2            The CR2 value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2 is set.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode(PVMCPUCC      pVCpu,
                            uint8_t     cbInstr,
                            uint8_t     u8Vector,
                            uint32_t    fFlags,
                            uint16_t    uErr,
                            uint64_t    uCr2)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCPT_MASK);

    /*
     * Read the IDT entry.
     */
    if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.cbIdt < UINT32_C(8) * u8Vector + 7)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: %#x is out of bounds (%#x)\n", u8Vector, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.cbIdt));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
    }
    X86DESC Idte;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU64(pVCpu, &Idte.u, UINT8_MAX,
                                              pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.pIdt + UINT32_C(8) * u8Vector);
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS))
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: failed to fetch IDT entry! vec=%#x rc=%Rrc\n", u8Vector, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        return rcStrict;
    }
    Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: vec=%#x P=%u DPL=%u DT=%u:%u A=%u %04x:%04x%04x\n",
         u8Vector, Idte.Gate.u1Present, Idte.Gate.u2Dpl, Idte.Gate.u1DescType, Idte.Gate.u4Type,
         Idte.Gate.u5ParmCount, Idte.Gate.u16Sel, Idte.Gate.u16OffsetHigh, Idte.Gate.u16OffsetLow));

    /*
     * Check the descriptor type, DPL and such.
     * ASSUMES this is done in the same order as described for call-gate calls.
     */
    if (Idte.Gate.u1DescType)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - not system selector (%#x) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, Idte.Gate.u4Type));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
    }
    bool     fTaskGate   = false;
    uint8_t  f32BitGate  = true;
    uint32_t fEflToClear = X86_EFL_TF | X86_EFL_NT | X86_EFL_RF | X86_EFL_VM;
    switch (Idte.Gate.u4Type)
    {
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_UNDEFINED:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_AVAIL:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_LDT:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_BUSY:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_CALL_GATE:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_UNDEFINED2:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_AVAIL:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_UNDEFINED3:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_BUSY:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_CALL_GATE:
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_UNDEFINED4:
        {
            /** @todo check what actually happens when the type is wrong...
             *        esp. call gates. */
            Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - invalid type (%#x) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, Idte.Gate.u4Type));
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
        }

        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_INT_GATE:
            f32BitGate = false;
            RT_FALL_THRU();
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_INT_GATE:
            fEflToClear |= X86_EFL_IF;
            break;

        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_TASK_GATE:
            fTaskGate = true;
#ifndef IEM_IMPLEMENTS_TASKSWITCH
            IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_LOG(("Task gates\n"));
#endif
            break;

        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TRAP_GATE:
            f32BitGate = false;
        case X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TRAP_GATE:
            break;

        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
    }

    /* Check DPL against CPL if applicable. */
    if ((fFlags & (IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ICEBP_INSTR)) == IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT)
    {
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl > Idte.Gate.u2Dpl)
        {
            Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - CPL (%d) > DPL (%d) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl, Idte.Gate.u2Dpl));
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
        }
    }

    /* Is it there? */
    if (!Idte.Gate.u1Present)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - not present -> #NP\n", u8Vector));
        return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentWithErr(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
    }

    /* Is it a task-gate? */
    if (fTaskGate)
    {
        /*
         * Construct the error code masks based on what caused this task switch.
         * See Intel Instruction reference for INT.
         */
        uint16_t const uExt     = (    (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT)
                                   && !(fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ICEBP_INSTR)) ? 0 : 1;
        uint16_t const uSelMask = X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL;
        RTSEL          SelTSS   = Idte.Gate.u16Sel;

        /*
         * Fetch the TSS descriptor in the GDT.
         */
        IEMSELDESC DescTSS;
        rcStrict = iemMemFetchSelDescWithErr(pVCpu, &DescTSS, SelTSS, X86_XCPT_GP, (SelTSS & uSelMask) | uExt);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
            Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - failed to fetch TSS selector %#x, rc=%Rrc\n", u8Vector, SelTSS,
                 VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            return rcStrict;
        }

        /* The TSS descriptor must be a system segment and be available (not busy). */
        if (   DescTSS.Legacy.Gen.u1DescType
            || (   DescTSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type != X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TSS_AVAIL
                && DescTSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type != X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_386_TSS_AVAIL))
        {
            Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - TSS selector %#x of task gate not a system descriptor or not available %#RX64\n",
                 u8Vector, SelTSS, DescTSS.Legacy.au64));
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, (SelTSS & uSelMask) | uExt);
        }

        /* The TSS must be present. */
        if (!DescTSS.Legacy.Gen.u1Present)
        {
            Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - TSS selector %#x not present %#RX64\n", u8Vector, SelTSS, DescTSS.Legacy.au64));
            return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentWithErr(pVCpu, (SelTSS & uSelMask) | uExt);
        }

        /* Do the actual task switch. */
        return iemTaskSwitch(pVCpu, IEMTASKSWITCH_INT_XCPT,
                             (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT) ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip + cbInstr : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip,
                             fFlags, uErr, uCr2, SelTSS, &DescTSS);
    }

    /* A null CS is bad. */
    RTSEL NewCS = Idte.Gate.u16Sel;
    if (!(NewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL))
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - CS=%#x -> #GP\n", u8Vector, NewCS));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    }

    /* Fetch the descriptor for the new CS. */
    IEMSELDESC DescCS;
    rcStrict = iemMemFetchSelDesc(pVCpu, &DescCS, NewCS, X86_XCPT_GP); /** @todo correct exception? */
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - CS=%#x - rc=%Rrc\n", u8Vector, NewCS, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        return rcStrict;
    }

    /* Must be a code segment. */
    if (!DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u1DescType)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - CS=%#x - system selector (%#x) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, NewCS, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, NewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }
    if (!(DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE))
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - CS=%#x - data selector (%#x) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, NewCS, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, NewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }

    /* Don't allow lowering the privilege level. */
    /** @todo Does the lowering of privileges apply to software interrupts
     *        only?  This has bearings on the more-privileged or
     *        same-privilege stack behavior further down.  A testcase would
     *        be nice. */
    if (DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl > pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - CS=%#x - DPL (%d) > CPL (%d) -> #GP\n",
             u8Vector, NewCS, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl, pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, NewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }

    /* Make sure the selector is present. */
    if (!DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u1Present)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - CS=%#x - segment not present -> #NP\n", u8Vector, NewCS));
        return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentBySelector(pVCpu, NewCS);
    }

    /* Check the new EIP against the new CS limit. */
    uint32_t const uNewEip =    Idte.Gate.u4Type == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_INT_GATE
                             || Idte.Gate.u4Type == X86_SEL_TYPE_SYS_286_TRAP_GATE
                           ? Idte.Gate.u16OffsetLow
                           : Idte.Gate.u16OffsetLow | ((uint32_t)Idte.Gate.u16OffsetHigh << 16);
    uint32_t cbLimitCS = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&DescCS.Legacy);
    if (uNewEip > cbLimitCS)
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - EIP=%#x > cbLimitCS=%#x (CS=%#x) -> #GP(0)\n",
             u8Vector, uNewEip, cbLimitCS, NewCS));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, 0);
    }
    Log7(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: new EIP=%#x CS=%#x\n", uNewEip, NewCS));

    /* Calc the flag image to push. */
    uint32_t        fEfl    = IEMMISC_GET_EFL(pVCpu);
    if (fFlags & (IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_DRx_INSTR_BP | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT))
        fEfl &= ~X86_EFL_RF;
    else
        fEfl |= X86_EFL_RF; /* Vagueness is all I've found on this so far... */ /** @todo Automatically pushing EFLAGS.RF. */

    /* From V8086 mode only go to CPL 0. */
    uint8_t const   uNewCpl = DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CONF
                            ? pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl : DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl;
    if ((fEfl & X86_EFL_VM) && uNewCpl != 0) /** @todo When exactly is this raised? */
    {
        Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode %#x - CS=%#x - New CPL (%d) != 0 w/ VM=1 -> #GP\n", u8Vector, NewCS, uNewCpl));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, 0);
    }

    /*
     * If the privilege level changes, we need to get a new stack from the TSS.
     * This in turns means validating the new SS and ESP...
     */
    if (uNewCpl != pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl)
    {
        RTSEL    NewSS;
        uint32_t uNewEsp;
        rcStrict = iemRaiseLoadStackFromTss32Or16(pVCpu, uNewCpl, &NewSS, &uNewEsp);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;

        IEMSELDESC DescSS;
        rcStrict = iemMiscValidateNewSS(pVCpu, NewSS, uNewCpl, &DescSS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        /* If the new SS is 16-bit, we are only going to use SP, not ESP. */
        if (!DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u1DefBig)
        {
            Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: Forcing ESP=%#x to 16 bits\n", uNewEsp));
            uNewEsp = (uint16_t)uNewEsp;
        }

        Log7(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: New SS=%#x ESP=%#x (from TSS); current SS=%#x ESP=%#x\n", NewSS, uNewEsp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp));

        /* Check that there is sufficient space for the stack frame. */
        uint32_t cbLimitSS = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&DescSS.Legacy);
        uint8_t const cbStackFrame = !(fEfl & X86_EFL_VM)
                                   ? (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR ? 12 : 10) << f32BitGate
                                   : (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR ? 20 : 18) << f32BitGate;

        if (!(DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_DOWN))
        {
            if (   uNewEsp - 1 > cbLimitSS
                || uNewEsp < cbStackFrame)
            {
                Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: %#x - SS=%#x ESP=%#x cbStackFrame=%#x is out of bounds -> #GP\n",
                     u8Vector, NewSS, uNewEsp, cbStackFrame));
                return iemRaiseSelectorBoundsBySelector(pVCpu, NewSS);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (   uNewEsp - 1 > (DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u1DefBig ? UINT32_MAX : UINT16_MAX)
                || uNewEsp - cbStackFrame < cbLimitSS + UINT32_C(1))
            {
                Log(("RaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: %#x - SS=%#x ESP=%#x cbStackFrame=%#x (expand down) is out of bounds -> #GP\n",
                     u8Vector, NewSS, uNewEsp, cbStackFrame));
                return iemRaiseSelectorBoundsBySelector(pVCpu, NewSS);
            }
        }

        /*
         * Start making changes.
         */

        /* Set the new CPL so that stack accesses use it. */
        uint8_t const uOldCpl = pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl;
        pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl = uNewCpl;

        /* Create the stack frame. */
        RTPTRUNION uStackFrame;
        rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, &uStackFrame.pv, cbStackFrame, UINT8_MAX,
                             uNewEsp - cbStackFrame + X86DESC_BASE(&DescSS.Legacy), IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W | IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_SYS); /* _SYS is a hack ... */
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        void * const pvStackFrame = uStackFrame.pv;
        if (f32BitGate)
        {
            if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR)
                *uStackFrame.pu32++ = uErr;
            uStackFrame.pu32[0] = (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT) ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip + cbInstr : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip;
            uStackFrame.pu32[1] = (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | uOldCpl;
            uStackFrame.pu32[2] = fEfl;
            uStackFrame.pu32[3] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp;
            uStackFrame.pu32[4] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel;
            Log7(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: 32-bit push SS=%#x ESP=%#x\n", pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp));
            if (fEfl & X86_EFL_VM)
            {
                uStackFrame.pu32[1] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel;
                uStackFrame.pu32[5] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Sel;
                uStackFrame.pu32[6] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Sel;
                uStackFrame.pu32[7] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs.Sel;
                uStackFrame.pu32[8] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs.Sel;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR)
                *uStackFrame.pu16++ = uErr;
            uStackFrame.pu16[0] = (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT) ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ip + cbInstr : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ip;
            uStackFrame.pu16[1] = (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | uOldCpl;
            uStackFrame.pu16[2] = fEfl;
            uStackFrame.pu16[3] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.sp;
            uStackFrame.pu16[4] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel;
            Log7(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode: 16-bit push SS=%#x SP=%#x\n", pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.sp));
            if (fEfl & X86_EFL_VM)
            {
                uStackFrame.pu16[1] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel;
                uStackFrame.pu16[5] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Sel;
                uStackFrame.pu16[6] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Sel;
                uStackFrame.pu16[7] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs.Sel;
                uStackFrame.pu16[8] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs.Sel;
            }
        }
        rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pvStackFrame, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W | IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_SYS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;

        /* Mark the selectors 'accessed' (hope this is the correct time). */
        /** @todo testcase: excatly _when_ are the accessed bits set - before or
         *        after pushing the stack frame? (Write protect the gdt + stack to
         *        find out.) */
        if (!(DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED))
        {
            rcStrict = iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(pVCpu, NewCS);
            if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
                return rcStrict;
            DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED;
        }

        if (!(DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED))
        {
            rcStrict = iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(pVCpu, NewSS);
            if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
                return rcStrict;
            DescSS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED;
        }

        /*
         * Start comitting the register changes (joins with the DPL=CPL branch).
         */
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel            = NewSS;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.ValidSel       = NewSS;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.fFlags         = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u32Limit       = cbLimitSS;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u64Base        = X86DESC_BASE(&DescSS.Legacy);
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.u         = X86DESC_GET_HID_ATTR(&DescSS.Legacy);
        /** @todo When coming from 32-bit code and operating with a 16-bit TSS and
         *        16-bit handler, the high word of ESP remains unchanged (i.e. only
         *        SP is loaded).
         *  Need to check the other combinations too:
         *      - 16-bit TSS, 32-bit handler
         *      - 32-bit TSS, 16-bit handler */
        if (!pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.sp            = (uint16_t)(uNewEsp - cbStackFrame);
        else
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp           = uNewEsp - cbStackFrame;

        if (fEfl & X86_EFL_VM)
        {
            iemHlpLoadNullDataSelectorOnV86Xcpt(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs);
            iemHlpLoadNullDataSelectorOnV86Xcpt(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs);
            iemHlpLoadNullDataSelectorOnV86Xcpt(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es);
            iemHlpLoadNullDataSelectorOnV86Xcpt(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds);
        }
    }
    /*
     * Same privilege, no stack change and smaller stack frame.
     */
    else
    {
        uint64_t        uNewRsp;
        RTPTRUNION      uStackFrame;
        uint8_t const   cbStackFrame = (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR ? 8 : 6) << f32BitGate;
        rcStrict = iemMemStackPushBeginSpecial(pVCpu, cbStackFrame, &uStackFrame.pv, &uNewRsp);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        void * const pvStackFrame = uStackFrame.pv;

        if (f32BitGate)
        {
            if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR)
                *uStackFrame.pu32++ = uErr;
            uStackFrame.pu32[0] = fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip + cbInstr : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip;
            uStackFrame.pu32[1] = (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl;
            uStackFrame.pu32[2] = fEfl;
        }
        else
        {
            if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR)
                *uStackFrame.pu16++ = uErr;
            uStackFrame.pu16[0] = fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip + cbInstr : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip;
            uStackFrame.pu16[1] = (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl;
            uStackFrame.pu16[2] = fEfl;
        }
        rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pvStackFrame, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W); /* don't use the commit here */
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;

        /* Mark the CS selector as 'accessed'. */
        if (!(DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED))
        {
            rcStrict = iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(pVCpu, NewCS);
            if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
                return rcStrict;
            DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED;
        }

        /*
         * Start committing the register changes (joins with the other branch).
         */
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;
    }

    /* ... register committing continues. */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel            = (NewCS & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | uNewCpl;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.ValidSel       = (NewCS & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | uNewCpl;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.fFlags         = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit       = cbLimitCS;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u64Base        = X86DESC_BASE(&DescCS.Legacy);
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Attr.u         = X86DESC_GET_HID_ATTR(&DescCS.Legacy);

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip               = uNewEip;  /* (The entire register is modified, see pe16_32 bs3kit tests.) */
    fEfl &= ~fEflToClear;
    IEMMISC_SET_EFL(pVCpu, fEfl);

    if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr2 = uCr2;

    if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT)
        iemRaiseXcptAdjustState(pVCpu, u8Vector);

    return fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT ? VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT : VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Implements exceptions and interrupts for long mode.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbInstr         The number of bytes to offset rIP by in the return
 *                          address.
 * @param   u8Vector        The interrupt / exception vector number.
 * @param   fFlags          The flags.
 * @param   uErr            The error value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR is set.
 * @param   uCr2            The CR2 value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2 is set.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode(PVMCPUCC      pVCpu,
                            uint8_t     cbInstr,
                            uint8_t     u8Vector,
                            uint32_t    fFlags,
                            uint16_t    uErr,
                            uint64_t    uCr2)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCPT_MASK);

    /*
     * Read the IDT entry.
     */
    uint16_t offIdt = (uint16_t)u8Vector << 4;
    if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.cbIdt < offIdt + 7)
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode: %#x is out of bounds (%#x)\n", u8Vector, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.cbIdt));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
    }
    X86DESC64 Idte;
#ifdef _MSC_VER /* Shut up silly compiler warning. */
    Idte.au64[0] = 0;
    Idte.au64[1] = 0;
#endif
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU64(pVCpu, &Idte.au64[0], UINT8_MAX, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.pIdt + offIdt);
    if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS))
        rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU64(pVCpu, &Idte.au64[1], UINT8_MAX, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.idtr.pIdt + offIdt + 8);
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS))
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode: failed to fetch IDT entry! vec=%#x rc=%Rrc\n", u8Vector, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        return rcStrict;
    }
    Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode: vec=%#x P=%u DPL=%u DT=%u:%u IST=%u %04x:%08x%04x%04x\n",
         u8Vector, Idte.Gate.u1Present, Idte.Gate.u2Dpl, Idte.Gate.u1DescType, Idte.Gate.u4Type,
         Idte.Gate.u3IST, Idte.Gate.u16Sel, Idte.Gate.u32OffsetTop, Idte.Gate.u16OffsetHigh, Idte.Gate.u16OffsetLow));

    /*
     * Check the descriptor type, DPL and such.
     * ASSUMES this is done in the same order as described for call-gate calls.
     */
    if (Idte.Gate.u1DescType)
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - not system selector (%#x) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, Idte.Gate.u4Type));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
    }
    uint32_t fEflToClear = X86_EFL_TF | X86_EFL_NT | X86_EFL_RF | X86_EFL_VM;
    switch (Idte.Gate.u4Type)
    {
        case AMD64_SEL_TYPE_SYS_INT_GATE:
            fEflToClear |= X86_EFL_IF;
            break;
        case AMD64_SEL_TYPE_SYS_TRAP_GATE:
            break;

        default:
            Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - invalid type (%#x) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, Idte.Gate.u4Type));
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
    }

    /* Check DPL against CPL if applicable. */
    if ((fFlags & (IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ICEBP_INSTR)) == IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT)
    {
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl > Idte.Gate.u2Dpl)
        {
            Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - CPL (%d) > DPL (%d) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl, Idte.Gate.u2Dpl));
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
        }
    }

    /* Is it there? */
    if (!Idte.Gate.u1Present)
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - not present -> #NP\n", u8Vector));
        return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentWithErr(pVCpu, X86_TRAP_ERR_IDT | ((uint16_t)u8Vector << X86_TRAP_ERR_SEL_SHIFT));
    }

    /* A null CS is bad. */
    RTSEL NewCS = Idte.Gate.u16Sel;
    if (!(NewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL))
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - CS=%#x -> #GP\n", u8Vector, NewCS));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    }

    /* Fetch the descriptor for the new CS. */
    IEMSELDESC DescCS;
    rcStrict = iemMemFetchSelDesc(pVCpu, &DescCS, NewCS, X86_XCPT_GP);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - CS=%#x - rc=%Rrc\n", u8Vector, NewCS, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        return rcStrict;
    }

    /* Must be a 64-bit code segment. */
    if (!DescCS.Long.Gen.u1DescType)
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - CS=%#x - system selector (%#x) -> #GP\n", u8Vector, NewCS, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, NewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }
    if (   !DescCS.Long.Gen.u1Long
        || DescCS.Long.Gen.u1DefBig
        || !(DescCS.Long.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE) )
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - CS=%#x - not 64-bit code selector (%#x, L=%u, D=%u) -> #GP\n",
             u8Vector, NewCS, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type, DescCS.Long.Gen.u1Long, DescCS.Long.Gen.u1DefBig));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, NewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }

    /* Don't allow lowering the privilege level.  For non-conforming CS
       selectors, the CS.DPL sets the privilege level the trap/interrupt
       handler runs at.  For conforming CS selectors, the CPL remains
       unchanged, but the CS.DPL must be <= CPL. */
    /** @todo Testcase: Interrupt handler with CS.DPL=1, interrupt dispatched
     *        when CPU in Ring-0. Result \#GP?  */
    if (DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl > pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl)
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - CS=%#x - DPL (%d) > CPL (%d) -> #GP\n",
             u8Vector, NewCS, DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl, pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(pVCpu, NewCS & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
    }


    /* Make sure the selector is present. */
    if (!DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u1Present)
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - CS=%#x - segment not present -> #NP\n", u8Vector, NewCS));
        return iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentBySelector(pVCpu, NewCS);
    }

    /* Check that the new RIP is canonical. */
    uint64_t const uNewRip = Idte.Gate.u16OffsetLow
                           | ((uint32_t)Idte.Gate.u16OffsetHigh << 16)
                           | ((uint64_t)Idte.Gate.u32OffsetTop  << 32);
    if (!IEM_IS_CANONICAL(uNewRip))
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode %#x - RIP=%#RX64 - Not canonical -> #GP(0)\n", u8Vector, uNewRip));
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    }

    /*
     * If the privilege level changes or if the IST isn't zero, we need to get
     * a new stack from the TSS.
     */
    uint64_t        uNewRsp;
    uint8_t const   uNewCpl = DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CONF
                            ? pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl : DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u2Dpl;
    if (   uNewCpl != pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl
        || Idte.Gate.u3IST != 0)
    {
        rcStrict = iemRaiseLoadStackFromTss64(pVCpu, uNewCpl, Idte.Gate.u3IST, &uNewRsp);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
    }
    else
        uNewRsp = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp;
    uNewRsp &= ~(uint64_t)0xf;

    /*
     * Calc the flag image to push.
     */
    uint32_t        fEfl    = IEMMISC_GET_EFL(pVCpu);
    if (fFlags & (IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_DRx_INSTR_BP | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT))
        fEfl &= ~X86_EFL_RF;
    else
        fEfl |= X86_EFL_RF; /* Vagueness is all I've found on this so far... */ /** @todo Automatically pushing EFLAGS.RF. */

    /*
     * Start making changes.
     */
    /* Set the new CPL so that stack accesses use it. */
    uint8_t const uOldCpl = pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl = uNewCpl;

    /* Create the stack frame. */
    uint32_t   cbStackFrame = sizeof(uint64_t) * (5 + !!(fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR));
    RTPTRUNION uStackFrame;
    rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, &uStackFrame.pv, cbStackFrame, UINT8_MAX,
                         uNewRsp - cbStackFrame, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W | IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_SYS); /* _SYS is a hack ... */
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return rcStrict;
    void * const pvStackFrame = uStackFrame.pv;

    if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR)
        *uStackFrame.pu64++ = uErr;
    uStackFrame.pu64[0] = fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + cbInstr : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip;
    uStackFrame.pu64[1] = (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | uOldCpl; /* CPL paranoia */
    uStackFrame.pu64[2] = fEfl;
    uStackFrame.pu64[3] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp;
    uStackFrame.pu64[4] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel;
    rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pvStackFrame, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W | IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_SYS);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return rcStrict;

    /* Mark the CS selectors 'accessed' (hope this is the correct time). */
    /** @todo testcase: excatly _when_ are the accessed bits set - before or
     *        after pushing the stack frame? (Write protect the gdt + stack to
     *        find out.) */
    if (!(DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED))
    {
        rcStrict = iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(pVCpu, NewCS);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        DescCS.Legacy.Gen.u4Type |= X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED;
    }

    /*
     * Start comitting the register changes.
     */
    /** @todo research/testcase: Figure out what VT-x and AMD-V loads into the
     *        hidden registers when interrupting 32-bit or 16-bit code! */
    if (uNewCpl != uOldCpl)
    {
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel        = 0 | uNewCpl;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.ValidSel   = 0 | uNewCpl;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.fFlags     = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u32Limit   = UINT32_MAX;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.u64Base    = 0;
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.u     = (uNewCpl << X86DESCATTR_DPL_SHIFT) | X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE;
    }
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp           = uNewRsp - cbStackFrame;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel        = (NewCS & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | uNewCpl;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.ValidSel   = (NewCS & ~X86_SEL_RPL) | uNewCpl;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.fFlags     = CPUMSELREG_FLAGS_VALID;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit   = X86DESC_LIMIT_G(&DescCS.Legacy);
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u64Base    = X86DESC_BASE(&DescCS.Legacy);
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Attr.u     = X86DESC_GET_HID_ATTR(&DescCS.Legacy);
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip           = uNewRip;

    fEfl &= ~fEflToClear;
    IEMMISC_SET_EFL(pVCpu, fEfl);

    if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr2 = uCr2;

    if (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT)
        iemRaiseXcptAdjustState(pVCpu, u8Vector);

    return fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT ? VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT : VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Implements exceptions and interrupts.
 *
 * All exceptions and interrupts goes thru this function!
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbInstr         The number of bytes to offset rIP by in the return
 *                          address.
 * @param   u8Vector        The interrupt / exception vector number.
 * @param   fFlags          The flags.
 * @param   uErr            The error value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR is set.
 * @param   uCr2            The CR2 value if IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2 is set.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC)
iemRaiseXcptOrInt(PVMCPUCC    pVCpu,
                  uint8_t     cbInstr,
                  uint8_t     u8Vector,
                  uint32_t    fFlags,
                  uint16_t    uErr,
                  uint64_t    uCr2)
{
    /*
     * Get all the state that we might need here.
     */
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_RET(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCPT_MASK);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCPT_MASK);

#ifndef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB /** @todo we're doing it afterwards too, that should suffice... */
    /*
     * Flush prefetch buffer
     */
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = pVCpu->iem.s.offOpcode;
#endif

    /*
     * Perform the V8086 IOPL check and upgrade the fault without nesting.
     */
    if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1VM
        && pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u2IOPL != 3
        && (fFlags & (  IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT
                      | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_BP_INSTR
                      | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ICEBP_INSTR
                      | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_OF_INSTR)) == IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT
        && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_PE) )
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrInt: V8086 IOPL check failed for int %#x -> #GP(0)\n", u8Vector));
        fFlags   = IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR;
        u8Vector = X86_XCPT_GP;
        uErr     = 0;
    }
#ifdef DBGFTRACE_ENABLED
    RTTraceBufAddMsgF(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->CTX_SUFF(hTraceBuf), "Xcpt/%u: %02x %u %x %x %llx %04x:%04llx %04x:%04llx",
                      pVCpu->iem.s.cXcptRecursions, u8Vector, cbInstr, fFlags, uErr, uCr2,
                      pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp);
#endif

    /*
     * Evaluate whether NMI blocking should be in effect.
     * Normally, NMI blocking is in effect whenever we inject an NMI.
     */
    bool fBlockNmi;
    if (   u8Vector == X86_XCPT_NMI
        && (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT))
        fBlockNmi = true;
    else
        fBlockNmi = false;

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
    if (IEM_VMX_IS_NON_ROOT_MODE(pVCpu))
    {
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict0 = iemVmxVmexitEvent(pVCpu, u8Vector, fFlags, uErr, uCr2, cbInstr);
        if (rcStrict0 != VINF_VMX_INTERCEPT_NOT_ACTIVE)
            return rcStrict0;

        /* If virtual-NMI blocking is in effect for the nested-guest, guest NMIs are not blocked. */
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.hwvirt.vmx.fVirtNmiBlocking)
        {
            Assert(CPUMIsGuestVmxPinCtlsSet(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx, VMX_PIN_CTLS_VIRT_NMI));
            fBlockNmi = false;
        }
    }
#endif

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM
    if (CPUMIsGuestInSvmNestedHwVirtMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)))
    {
        /*
         * If the event is being injected as part of VMRUN, it isn't subject to event
         * intercepts in the nested-guest. However, secondary exceptions that occur
         * during injection of any event -are- subject to exception intercepts.
         *
         * See AMD spec. 15.20 "Event Injection".
         */
        if (!pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.hwvirt.svm.fInterceptEvents)
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.hwvirt.svm.fInterceptEvents = true;
        else
        {
            /*
             * Check and handle if the event being raised is intercepted.
             */
            VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict0 = iemHandleSvmEventIntercept(pVCpu, u8Vector, fFlags, uErr, uCr2);
            if (rcStrict0 != VINF_SVM_INTERCEPT_NOT_ACTIVE)
                return rcStrict0;
        }
    }
#endif

    /*
     * Set NMI blocking if necessary.
     */
    if (   fBlockNmi
        && !VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_BLOCK_NMIS))
        VMCPU_FF_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_BLOCK_NMIS);

    /*
     * Do recursion accounting.
     */
    uint8_t const  uPrevXcpt = pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcpt;
    uint32_t const fPrevXcpt = pVCpu->iem.s.fCurXcpt;
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.cXcptRecursions == 0)
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrInt: %#x at %04x:%RGv cbInstr=%#x fFlags=%#x uErr=%#x uCr2=%llx\n",
             u8Vector, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, cbInstr, fFlags, uErr, uCr2));
    else
    {
        Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrInt: %#x at %04x:%RGv cbInstr=%#x fFlags=%#x uErr=%#x uCr2=%llx; prev=%#x depth=%d flags=%#x\n",
             u8Vector, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, cbInstr, fFlags, uErr, uCr2, pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcpt,
             pVCpu->iem.s.cXcptRecursions + 1, fPrevXcpt));

        if (pVCpu->iem.s.cXcptRecursions >= 4)
        {
#ifdef DEBUG_bird
            AssertFailed();
#endif
            IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_LOG(("Too many fault nestings.\n"));
        }

        /*
         * Evaluate the sequence of recurring events.
         */
        IEMXCPTRAISE enmRaise = IEMEvaluateRecursiveXcpt(pVCpu, fPrevXcpt, uPrevXcpt, fFlags, u8Vector,
                                                         NULL /* pXcptRaiseInfo */);
        if (enmRaise == IEMXCPTRAISE_CURRENT_XCPT)
        { /* likely */ }
        else if (enmRaise == IEMXCPTRAISE_DOUBLE_FAULT)
        {
            Log2(("iemRaiseXcptOrInt: Raising double fault. uPrevXcpt=%#x\n", uPrevXcpt));
            fFlags   = IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR;
            u8Vector = X86_XCPT_DF;
            uErr     = 0;
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
            /* VMX nested-guest #DF intercept needs to be checked here. */
            if (IEM_VMX_IS_NON_ROOT_MODE(pVCpu))
            {
                VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict0 = iemVmxVmexitEventDoubleFault(pVCpu);
                if (rcStrict0 != VINF_VMX_INTERCEPT_NOT_ACTIVE)
                    return rcStrict0;
            }
#endif
            /* SVM nested-guest #DF intercepts need to be checked now. See AMD spec. 15.12 "Exception Intercepts". */
            if (IEM_SVM_IS_XCPT_INTERCEPT_SET(pVCpu, X86_XCPT_DF))
                IEM_SVM_VMEXIT_RET(pVCpu, SVM_EXIT_XCPT_DF, 0 /* uExitInfo1 */, 0 /* uExitInfo2 */);
        }
        else if (enmRaise == IEMXCPTRAISE_TRIPLE_FAULT)
        {
            Log2(("iemRaiseXcptOrInt: Raising triple fault. uPrevXcpt=%#x\n", uPrevXcpt));
            return iemInitiateCpuShutdown(pVCpu);
        }
        else if (enmRaise == IEMXCPTRAISE_CPU_HANG)
        {
            /* If a nested-guest enters an endless CPU loop condition, we'll emulate it; otherwise guru. */
            Log2(("iemRaiseXcptOrInt: CPU hang condition detected\n"));
            if (   !CPUMIsGuestInSvmNestedHwVirtMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu))
                && !CPUMIsGuestInVmxNonRootMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)))
                return VERR_EM_GUEST_CPU_HANG;
        }
        else
        {
            AssertMsgFailed(("Unexpected condition! enmRaise=%#x uPrevXcpt=%#x fPrevXcpt=%#x, u8Vector=%#x fFlags=%#x\n",
                             enmRaise, uPrevXcpt, fPrevXcpt, u8Vector, fFlags));
            return VERR_IEM_IPE_9;
        }

        /*
         * The 'EXT' bit is set when an exception occurs during deliver of an external
         * event (such as an interrupt or earlier exception)[1]. Privileged software
         * exception (INT1) also sets the EXT bit[2]. Exceptions generated by software
         * interrupts and INTO, INT3 instructions, the 'EXT' bit will not be set.
         *
         * [1] - Intel spec. 6.13 "Error Code"
         * [2] - Intel spec. 26.5.1.1 "Details of Vectored-Event Injection".
         * [3] - Intel Instruction reference for INT n.
         */
        if (   (fPrevXcpt & (IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_EXT_INT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ICEBP_INSTR))
            && (fFlags & IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR)
            && u8Vector != X86_XCPT_PF
            && u8Vector != X86_XCPT_DF)
        {
            uErr |= X86_TRAP_ERR_EXTERNAL;
        }
    }

    pVCpu->iem.s.cXcptRecursions++;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcpt    = u8Vector;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fCurXcpt    = fFlags;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcptErr = uErr;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcptCr2 = uCr2;

    /*
     * Extensive logging.
     */
#if defined(LOG_ENABLED) && defined(IN_RING3)
    if (LogIs3Enabled())
    {
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_RET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_DR_MASK);
        PVM     pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
        char    szRegs[4096];
        DBGFR3RegPrintf(pVM->pUVM, pVCpu->idCpu, &szRegs[0], sizeof(szRegs),
                        "rax=%016VR{rax} rbx=%016VR{rbx} rcx=%016VR{rcx} rdx=%016VR{rdx}\n"
                        "rsi=%016VR{rsi} rdi=%016VR{rdi} r8 =%016VR{r8} r9 =%016VR{r9}\n"
                        "r10=%016VR{r10} r11=%016VR{r11} r12=%016VR{r12} r13=%016VR{r13}\n"
                        "r14=%016VR{r14} r15=%016VR{r15} %VRF{rflags}\n"
                        "rip=%016VR{rip} rsp=%016VR{rsp} rbp=%016VR{rbp}\n"
                        "cs={%04VR{cs} base=%016VR{cs_base} limit=%08VR{cs_lim} flags=%04VR{cs_attr}} cr0=%016VR{cr0}\n"
                        "ds={%04VR{ds} base=%016VR{ds_base} limit=%08VR{ds_lim} flags=%04VR{ds_attr}} cr2=%016VR{cr2}\n"
                        "es={%04VR{es} base=%016VR{es_base} limit=%08VR{es_lim} flags=%04VR{es_attr}} cr3=%016VR{cr3}\n"
                        "fs={%04VR{fs} base=%016VR{fs_base} limit=%08VR{fs_lim} flags=%04VR{fs_attr}} cr4=%016VR{cr4}\n"
                        "gs={%04VR{gs} base=%016VR{gs_base} limit=%08VR{gs_lim} flags=%04VR{gs_attr}} cr8=%016VR{cr8}\n"
                        "ss={%04VR{ss} base=%016VR{ss_base} limit=%08VR{ss_lim} flags=%04VR{ss_attr}}\n"
                        "dr0=%016VR{dr0} dr1=%016VR{dr1} dr2=%016VR{dr2} dr3=%016VR{dr3}\n"
                        "dr6=%016VR{dr6} dr7=%016VR{dr7}\n"
                        "gdtr=%016VR{gdtr_base}:%04VR{gdtr_lim}  idtr=%016VR{idtr_base}:%04VR{idtr_lim}  rflags=%08VR{rflags}\n"
                        "ldtr={%04VR{ldtr} base=%016VR{ldtr_base} limit=%08VR{ldtr_lim} flags=%08VR{ldtr_attr}}\n"
                        "tr  ={%04VR{tr} base=%016VR{tr_base} limit=%08VR{tr_lim} flags=%08VR{tr_attr}}\n"
                        "    sysenter={cs=%04VR{sysenter_cs} eip=%08VR{sysenter_eip} esp=%08VR{sysenter_esp}}\n"
                        "        efer=%016VR{efer}\n"
                        "         pat=%016VR{pat}\n"
                        "     sf_mask=%016VR{sf_mask}\n"
                        "krnl_gs_base=%016VR{krnl_gs_base}\n"
                        "       lstar=%016VR{lstar}\n"
                        "        star=%016VR{star} cstar=%016VR{cstar}\n"
                        "fcw=%04VR{fcw} fsw=%04VR{fsw} ftw=%04VR{ftw} mxcsr=%04VR{mxcsr} mxcsr_mask=%04VR{mxcsr_mask}\n"
                        );

        char szInstr[256];
        DBGFR3DisasInstrEx(pVM->pUVM, pVCpu->idCpu, 0, 0,
                           DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_CURRENT_GUEST | DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_DEFAULT_MODE,
                           szInstr, sizeof(szInstr), NULL);
        Log3(("%s%s\n", szRegs, szInstr));
    }
#endif /* LOG_ENABLED */

    /*
     * Call the mode specific worker function.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC    rcStrict;
    if (!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_PE))
        rcStrict = iemRaiseXcptOrIntInRealMode(pVCpu, cbInstr, u8Vector, fFlags, uErr, uCr2);
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.msrEFER & MSR_K6_EFER_LMA)
        rcStrict = iemRaiseXcptOrIntInLongMode(pVCpu, cbInstr, u8Vector, fFlags, uErr, uCr2);
    else
        rcStrict = iemRaiseXcptOrIntInProtMode(pVCpu, cbInstr, u8Vector, fFlags, uErr, uCr2);

    /* Flush the prefetch buffer. */
#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf = NULL;
#else
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
#endif

    /*
     * Unwind.
     */
    pVCpu->iem.s.cXcptRecursions--;
    pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcpt = uPrevXcpt;
    pVCpu->iem.s.fCurXcpt = fPrevXcpt;
    Log(("iemRaiseXcptOrInt: returns %Rrc (vec=%#x); cs:rip=%04x:%RGv ss:rsp=%04x:%RGv cpl=%u depth=%d\n",
         VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), u8Vector, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp, pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl,
         pVCpu->iem.s.cXcptRecursions + 1));
    return rcStrict;
}

#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * See iemRaiseXcptOrInt.  Will not return.
 */
IEM_STATIC DECL_NO_RETURN(void)
iemRaiseXcptOrIntJmp(PVMCPUCC      pVCpu,
                     uint8_t     cbInstr,
                     uint8_t     u8Vector,
                     uint32_t    fFlags,
                     uint16_t    uErr,
                     uint64_t    uCr2)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, cbInstr, u8Vector, fFlags, uErr, uCr2);
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
}
#endif


/** \#DE - 00.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseDivideError(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_DE, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/** \#DB - 01.
 * @note This automatically clear DR7.GD.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseDebugException(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    /** @todo set/clear RF. */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.dr[7] &= ~X86_DR7_GD;
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_DB, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/** \#BR - 05.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseBoundRangeExceeded(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_BR, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/** \#UD - 06.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_UD, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/** \#NM - 07.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_NM, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/** \#TS(err) - 0a.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultWithErr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uErr)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_TS, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, uErr, 0);
}


/** \#TS(tr) - 0a.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultCurrentTSS(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_TS, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR,
                             pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Sel, 0);
}


/** \#TS(0) - 0a.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseTaskSwitchFault0(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_TS, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR,
                             0, 0);
}


/** \#TS(err) - 0a.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseTaskSwitchFaultBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uSel)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_TS, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR,
                             uSel & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL, 0);
}


/** \#NP(err) - 0b.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentWithErr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uErr)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_NP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, uErr, 0);
}


/** \#NP(sel) - 0b.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseSelectorNotPresentBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uSel)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_NP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR,
                             uSel & ~X86_SEL_RPL, 0);
}


/** \#SS(seg) - 0c.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseStackSelectorNotPresentBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uSel)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_SS, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR,
                             uSel & ~X86_SEL_RPL, 0);
}


/** \#SS(err) - 0c.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseStackSelectorNotPresentWithErr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uErr)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_SS, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, uErr, 0);
}


/** \#GP(n) - 0d.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uErr)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, uErr, 0);
}


/** \#GP(0) - 0d.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}

#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/** \#GP(0) - 0d.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    iemRaiseXcptOrIntJmp(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}
#endif


/** \#GP(sel) - 0d.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFaultBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTSEL Sel)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR,
                             Sel & ~X86_SEL_RPL, 0);
}


/** \#GP(0) - 0d.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseNotCanonical(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}


/** \#GP(sel) - 0d.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseSelectorBounds(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    NOREF(iSegReg); NOREF(fAccess);
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, iSegReg == X86_SREG_SS ? X86_XCPT_SS : X86_XCPT_GP,
                             IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}

#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/** \#GP(sel) - 0d, longjmp.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaiseSelectorBoundsJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    NOREF(iSegReg); NOREF(fAccess);
    iemRaiseXcptOrIntJmp(pVCpu, 0, iSegReg == X86_SREG_SS ? X86_XCPT_SS : X86_XCPT_GP,
                         IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}
#endif

/** \#GP(sel) - 0d.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseSelectorBoundsBySelector(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTSEL Sel)
{
    NOREF(Sel);
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}

#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/** \#GP(sel) - 0d, longjmp.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaiseSelectorBoundsBySelectorJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTSEL Sel)
{
    NOREF(Sel);
    iemRaiseXcptOrIntJmp(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}
#endif


/** \#GP(sel) - 0d.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccess(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    NOREF(iSegReg); NOREF(fAccess);
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}

#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/** \#GP(sel) - 0d, longjmp.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccessJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t iSegReg,
                                                                                  uint32_t fAccess)
{
    NOREF(iSegReg); NOREF(fAccess);
    iemRaiseXcptOrIntJmp(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_GP, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, 0, 0);
}
#endif


/** \#PF(n) - 0e.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaisePageFault(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPTR GCPtrWhere, uint32_t fAccess, int rc)
{
    uint16_t uErr;
    switch (rc)
    {
        case VERR_PAGE_NOT_PRESENT:
        case VERR_PAGE_TABLE_NOT_PRESENT:
        case VERR_PAGE_DIRECTORY_PTR_NOT_PRESENT:
        case VERR_PAGE_MAP_LEVEL4_NOT_PRESENT:
            uErr = 0;
            break;

        default:
            AssertMsgFailed(("%Rrc\n", rc));
            RT_FALL_THRU();
        case VERR_ACCESS_DENIED:
            uErr = X86_TRAP_PF_P;
            break;

        /** @todo reserved  */
    }

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl == 3)
        uErr |= X86_TRAP_PF_US;

    if (   (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK) == IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_CODE
        && (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_PAE)
            && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.msrEFER & MSR_K6_EFER_NXE) ) )
        uErr |= X86_TRAP_PF_ID;

#if 0 /* This is so much non-sense, really.  Why was it done like that? */
    /* Note! RW access callers reporting a WRITE protection fault, will clear
             the READ flag before calling.  So, read-modify-write accesses (RW)
             can safely be reported as READ faults. */
    if ((fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ)) == IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
        uErr |= X86_TRAP_PF_RW;
#else
    if (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
    {
        /// @todo r=bird: bs3-cpu-basic-2 wants X86_TRAP_PF_RW for xchg and cmpxchg
        /// (regardless of outcome of the comparison in the latter case).
        //if (!(fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ))
            uErr |= X86_TRAP_PF_RW;
    }
#endif

    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_PF, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2,
                             uErr, GCPtrWhere);
}

#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/** \#PF(n) - 0e, longjmp.  */
IEM_STATIC DECL_NO_RETURN(void) iemRaisePageFaultJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPTR GCPtrWhere, uint32_t fAccess, int rc)
{
    longjmp(*CTX_SUFF(pVCpu->iem.s.pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrWhere, fAccess, rc)));
}
#endif


/** \#MF(0) - 10.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseMathFault(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_MF, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/** \#AC(0) - 11.  */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemRaiseAlignmentCheckException(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_AC, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/**
 * Macro for calling iemCImplRaiseDivideError().
 *
 * This enables us to add/remove arguments and force different levels of
 * inlining as we wish.
 *
 * @return  Strict VBox status code.
 */
#define IEMOP_RAISE_DIVIDE_ERROR()          IEM_MC_DEFER_TO_CIMPL_0(iemCImplRaiseDivideError)
IEM_CIMPL_DEF_0(iemCImplRaiseDivideError)
{
    NOREF(cbInstr);
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_DE, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/**
 * Macro for calling iemCImplRaiseInvalidLockPrefix().
 *
 * This enables us to add/remove arguments and force different levels of
 * inlining as we wish.
 *
 * @return  Strict VBox status code.
 */
#define IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_LOCK_PREFIX()   IEM_MC_DEFER_TO_CIMPL_0(iemCImplRaiseInvalidLockPrefix)
IEM_CIMPL_DEF_0(iemCImplRaiseInvalidLockPrefix)
{
    NOREF(cbInstr);
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_UD, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/**
 * Macro for calling iemCImplRaiseInvalidOpcode().
 *
 * This enables us to add/remove arguments and force different levels of
 * inlining as we wish.
 *
 * @return  Strict VBox status code.
 */
#define IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE()        IEM_MC_DEFER_TO_CIMPL_0(iemCImplRaiseInvalidOpcode)
IEM_CIMPL_DEF_0(iemCImplRaiseInvalidOpcode)
{
    NOREF(cbInstr);
    return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, X86_XCPT_UD, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT, 0, 0);
}


/** @}  */


/*
 *
 * Helpers routines.
 * Helpers routines.
 * Helpers routines.
 *
 */

/**
 * Recalculates the effective operand size.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemRecalEffOpSize(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    switch (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode)
    {
        case IEMMODE_16BIT:
            pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP ? IEMMODE_32BIT : IEMMODE_16BIT;
            break;
        case IEMMODE_32BIT:
            pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP ? IEMMODE_16BIT : IEMMODE_32BIT;
            break;
        case IEMMODE_64BIT:
            switch (pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & (IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_REX_W | IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP))
            {
                case 0:
                    pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize;
                    break;
                case IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP:
                    pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = IEMMODE_16BIT;
                    break;
                case IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_REX_W:
                case IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_REX_W | IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP:
                    pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = IEMMODE_64BIT;
                    break;
            }
            break;
        default:
            AssertFailed();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets the default operand size to 64-bit and recalculates the effective
 * operand size.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemRecalEffOpSize64Default(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT);
    pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize = IEMMODE_64BIT;
    if ((pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & (IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_REX_W | IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP)) != IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP)
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = IEMMODE_64BIT;
    else
        pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = IEMMODE_16BIT;
}


/*
 *
 * Common opcode decoders.
 * Common opcode decoders.
 * Common opcode decoders.
 *
 */
//#include <iprt/mem.h>

/**
 * Used to add extra details about a stub case.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemOpStubMsg2(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#if defined(LOG_ENABLED) && defined(IN_RING3)
    PVM  pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
    char szRegs[4096];
    DBGFR3RegPrintf(pVM->pUVM, pVCpu->idCpu, &szRegs[0], sizeof(szRegs),
                    "rax=%016VR{rax} rbx=%016VR{rbx} rcx=%016VR{rcx} rdx=%016VR{rdx}\n"
                    "rsi=%016VR{rsi} rdi=%016VR{rdi} r8 =%016VR{r8} r9 =%016VR{r9}\n"
                    "r10=%016VR{r10} r11=%016VR{r11} r12=%016VR{r12} r13=%016VR{r13}\n"
                    "r14=%016VR{r14} r15=%016VR{r15} %VRF{rflags}\n"
                    "rip=%016VR{rip} rsp=%016VR{rsp} rbp=%016VR{rbp}\n"
                    "cs={%04VR{cs} base=%016VR{cs_base} limit=%08VR{cs_lim} flags=%04VR{cs_attr}} cr0=%016VR{cr0}\n"
                    "ds={%04VR{ds} base=%016VR{ds_base} limit=%08VR{ds_lim} flags=%04VR{ds_attr}} cr2=%016VR{cr2}\n"
                    "es={%04VR{es} base=%016VR{es_base} limit=%08VR{es_lim} flags=%04VR{es_attr}} cr3=%016VR{cr3}\n"
                    "fs={%04VR{fs} base=%016VR{fs_base} limit=%08VR{fs_lim} flags=%04VR{fs_attr}} cr4=%016VR{cr4}\n"
                    "gs={%04VR{gs} base=%016VR{gs_base} limit=%08VR{gs_lim} flags=%04VR{gs_attr}} cr8=%016VR{cr8}\n"
                    "ss={%04VR{ss} base=%016VR{ss_base} limit=%08VR{ss_lim} flags=%04VR{ss_attr}}\n"
                    "dr0=%016VR{dr0} dr1=%016VR{dr1} dr2=%016VR{dr2} dr3=%016VR{dr3}\n"
                    "dr6=%016VR{dr6} dr7=%016VR{dr7}\n"
                    "gdtr=%016VR{gdtr_base}:%04VR{gdtr_lim}  idtr=%016VR{idtr_base}:%04VR{idtr_lim}  rflags=%08VR{rflags}\n"
                    "ldtr={%04VR{ldtr} base=%016VR{ldtr_base} limit=%08VR{ldtr_lim} flags=%08VR{ldtr_attr}}\n"
                    "tr  ={%04VR{tr} base=%016VR{tr_base} limit=%08VR{tr_lim} flags=%08VR{tr_attr}}\n"
                    "    sysenter={cs=%04VR{sysenter_cs} eip=%08VR{sysenter_eip} esp=%08VR{sysenter_esp}}\n"
                    "        efer=%016VR{efer}\n"
                    "         pat=%016VR{pat}\n"
                    "     sf_mask=%016VR{sf_mask}\n"
                    "krnl_gs_base=%016VR{krnl_gs_base}\n"
                    "       lstar=%016VR{lstar}\n"
                    "        star=%016VR{star} cstar=%016VR{cstar}\n"
                    "fcw=%04VR{fcw} fsw=%04VR{fsw} ftw=%04VR{ftw} mxcsr=%04VR{mxcsr} mxcsr_mask=%04VR{mxcsr_mask}\n"
                    );

    char szInstr[256];
    DBGFR3DisasInstrEx(pVM->pUVM, pVCpu->idCpu, 0, 0,
                       DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_CURRENT_GUEST | DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_DEFAULT_MODE,
                       szInstr, sizeof(szInstr), NULL);

    RTAssertMsg2Weak("%s%s\n", szRegs, szInstr);
#else
    RTAssertMsg2Weak("cs:rip=%04x:%RX64\n", pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip);
#endif
}

/**
 * Complains about a stub.
 *
 * Providing two versions of this macro, one for daily use and one for use when
 * working on IEM.
 */
#if 0
# define IEMOP_BITCH_ABOUT_STUB() \
    do { \
        RTAssertMsg1(NULL, __LINE__, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__); \
        iemOpStubMsg2(pVCpu); \
        RTAssertPanic(); \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_BITCH_ABOUT_STUB() Log(("Stub: %s (line %d)\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__));
#endif

/** Stubs an opcode. */
#define FNIEMOP_STUB(a_Name) \
    FNIEMOP_DEF(a_Name) \
    { \
        RT_NOREF_PV(pVCpu); \
        IEMOP_BITCH_ABOUT_STUB(); \
        return VERR_IEM_INSTR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; \
    } \
    typedef int ignore_semicolon

/** Stubs an opcode. */
#define FNIEMOP_STUB_1(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0) \
    FNIEMOP_DEF_1(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0) \
    { \
        RT_NOREF_PV(pVCpu); \
        RT_NOREF_PV(a_Name0); \
        IEMOP_BITCH_ABOUT_STUB(); \
        return VERR_IEM_INSTR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; \
    } \
    typedef int ignore_semicolon

/** Stubs an opcode which currently should raise \#UD. */
#define FNIEMOP_UD_STUB(a_Name) \
    FNIEMOP_DEF(a_Name) \
    { \
        Log(("Unsupported instruction %Rfn\n", __FUNCTION__)); \
        return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } \
    typedef int ignore_semicolon

/** Stubs an opcode which currently should raise \#UD. */
#define FNIEMOP_UD_STUB_1(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0) \
    FNIEMOP_DEF_1(a_Name, a_Type0, a_Name0) \
    { \
        RT_NOREF_PV(pVCpu); \
        RT_NOREF_PV(a_Name0); \
        Log(("Unsupported instruction %Rfn\n", __FUNCTION__)); \
        return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } \
    typedef int ignore_semicolon



/** @name   Register Access.
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Gets a reference (pointer) to the specified hidden segment register.
 *
 * @returns Hidden register reference.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The segment register.
 */
IEM_STATIC PCPUMSELREG iemSRegGetHid(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg)
{
    Assert(iSegReg < X86_SREG_COUNT);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
    PCPUMSELREG pSReg = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aSRegs[iSegReg];

    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, pSReg));
    return pSReg;
}


/**
 * Ensures that the given hidden segment register is up to date.
 *
 * @returns Hidden register reference.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pSReg               The segment register.
 */
IEM_STATIC PCPUMSELREG iemSRegUpdateHid(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMSELREG pSReg)
{
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, pSReg));
    NOREF(pVCpu);
    return pSReg;
}


/**
 * Gets a reference (pointer) to the specified segment register (the selector
 * value).
 *
 * @returns Pointer to the selector variable.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The segment register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint16_t *) iemSRegRef(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg)
{
    Assert(iSegReg < X86_SREG_COUNT);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
    return &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aSRegs[iSegReg].Sel;
}


/**
 * Fetches the selector value of a segment register.
 *
 * @returns The selector value.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The segment register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint16_t) iemSRegFetchU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg)
{
    Assert(iSegReg < X86_SREG_COUNT);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
    return pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aSRegs[iSegReg].Sel;
}


/**
 * Fetches the base address value of a segment register.
 *
 * @returns The selector value.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The segment register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint64_t) iemSRegBaseFetchU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg)
{
    Assert(iSegReg < X86_SREG_COUNT);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
    return pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aSRegs[iSegReg].u64Base;
}


/**
 * Gets a reference (pointer) to the specified general purpose register.
 *
 * @returns Register reference.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The general purpose register.
 */
DECLINLINE(void *) iemGRegRef(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    Assert(iReg < 16);
    return &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg];
}


/**
 * Gets a reference (pointer) to the specified 8-bit general purpose register.
 *
 * Because of AH, CH, DH and BH we cannot use iemGRegRef directly here.
 *
 * @returns Register reference.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint8_t *) iemGRegRefU8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    if (iReg < 4 || (pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_REX))
    {
        Assert(iReg < 16);
        return &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg].u8;
    }
    /* high 8-bit register. */
    Assert(iReg < 8);
    return &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg & 3].bHi;
}


/**
 * Gets a reference (pointer) to the specified 16-bit general purpose register.
 *
 * @returns Register reference.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint16_t *) iemGRegRefU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    Assert(iReg < 16);
    return &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg].u16;
}


/**
 * Gets a reference (pointer) to the specified 32-bit general purpose register.
 *
 * @returns Register reference.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint32_t *) iemGRegRefU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    Assert(iReg < 16);
    return &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg].u32;
}


/**
 * Gets a reference (pointer) to the specified 64-bit general purpose register.
 *
 * @returns Register reference.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint64_t *) iemGRegRefU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    Assert(iReg < 64);
    return &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg].u64;
}


/**
 * Gets a reference (pointer) to the specified segment register's base address.
 *
 * @returns Segment register base address reference.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The segment selector.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint64_t *) iemSRegBaseRefU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg)
{
    Assert(iSegReg < X86_SREG_COUNT);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
    return &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aSRegs[iSegReg].u64Base;
}


/**
 * Fetches the value of a 8-bit general purpose register.
 *
 * @returns The register value.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint8_t) iemGRegFetchU8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    return *iemGRegRefU8(pVCpu, iReg);
}


/**
 * Fetches the value of a 16-bit general purpose register.
 *
 * @returns The register value.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint16_t) iemGRegFetchU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    Assert(iReg < 16);
    return pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg].u16;
}


/**
 * Fetches the value of a 32-bit general purpose register.
 *
 * @returns The register value.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint32_t) iemGRegFetchU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    Assert(iReg < 16);
    return pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg].u32;
}


/**
 * Fetches the value of a 64-bit general purpose register.
 *
 * @returns The register value.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iReg                The register.
 */
DECLINLINE(uint64_t) iemGRegFetchU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iReg)
{
    Assert(iReg < 16);
    return pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aGRegs[iReg].u64;
}


/**
 * Adds a 8-bit signed jump offset to RIP/EIP/IP.
 *
 * May raise a \#GP(0) if the new RIP is non-canonical or outside the code
 * segment limit.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   offNextInstr        The offset of the next instruction.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemRegRipRelativeJumpS8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, int8_t offNextInstr)
{
    switch (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize)
    {
        case IEMMODE_16BIT:
        {
            uint16_t uNewIp = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ip + offNextInstr + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
            if (   uNewIp > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit
                && pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT) /* no need to check for non-canonical. */
                return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewIp;
            break;
        }

        case IEMMODE_32BIT:
        {
            Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip <= UINT32_MAX);
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT);

            uint32_t uNewEip = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip + offNextInstr + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
            if (uNewEip > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit)
                return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewEip;
            break;
        }

        case IEMMODE_64BIT:
        {
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT);

            uint64_t uNewRip = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + offNextInstr + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
            if (!IEM_IS_CANONICAL(uNewRip))
                return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewRip;
            break;
        }

        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
    }

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1RF = 0;

#ifndef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    /* Flush the prefetch buffer. */
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
#endif

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Adds a 16-bit signed jump offset to RIP/EIP/IP.
 *
 * May raise a \#GP(0) if the new RIP is non-canonical or outside the code
 * segment limit.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   offNextInstr        The offset of the next instruction.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemRegRipRelativeJumpS16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, int16_t offNextInstr)
{
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize == IEMMODE_16BIT);

    uint16_t uNewIp = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ip + offNextInstr + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
    if (   uNewIp > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit
        && pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT) /* no need to check for non-canonical. */
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    /** @todo Test 16-bit jump in 64-bit mode. possible?  */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewIp;
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1RF = 0;

#ifndef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    /* Flush the prefetch buffer. */
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
#endif

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Adds a 32-bit signed jump offset to RIP/EIP/IP.
 *
 * May raise a \#GP(0) if the new RIP is non-canonical or outside the code
 * segment limit.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   offNextInstr        The offset of the next instruction.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemRegRipRelativeJumpS32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, int32_t offNextInstr)
{
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize != IEMMODE_16BIT);

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize == IEMMODE_32BIT)
    {
        Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip <= UINT32_MAX); Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT);

        uint32_t uNewEip = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip + offNextInstr + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
        if (uNewEip > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit)
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewEip;
    }
    else
    {
        Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT);

        uint64_t uNewRip = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + offNextInstr + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
        if (!IEM_IS_CANONICAL(uNewRip))
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewRip;
    }
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1RF = 0;

#ifndef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    /* Flush the prefetch buffer. */
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
#endif

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Performs a near jump to the specified address.
 *
 * May raise a \#GP(0) if the new RIP is non-canonical or outside the code
 * segment limit.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   uNewRip             The new RIP value.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemRegRipJump(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t uNewRip)
{
    switch (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize)
    {
        case IEMMODE_16BIT:
        {
            Assert(uNewRip <= UINT16_MAX);
            if (   uNewRip > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit
                && pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT) /* no need to check for non-canonical. */
                return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
            /** @todo Test 16-bit jump in 64-bit mode.  */
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewRip;
            break;
        }

        case IEMMODE_32BIT:
        {
            Assert(uNewRip <= UINT32_MAX);
            Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip <= UINT32_MAX);
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT);

            if (uNewRip > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.u32Limit)
                return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewRip;
            break;
        }

        case IEMMODE_64BIT:
        {
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT);

            if (!IEM_IS_CANONICAL(uNewRip))
                return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = uNewRip;
            break;
        }

        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
    }

    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1RF = 0;

#ifndef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
    /* Flush the prefetch buffer. */
    pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu);
#endif

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Get the address of the top of the stack.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(RTGCPTR) iemRegGetEffRsp(PCVMCPU pVCpu)
{
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        return pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp;
    if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
        return pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp;
    return pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.sp;
}


/**
 * Updates the RIP/EIP/IP to point to the next instruction.
 *
 * This function leaves the EFLAGS.RF flag alone.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbInstr             The number of bytes to add.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemRegAddToRipKeepRF(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    switch (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode)
    {
        case IEMMODE_16BIT:
            Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip <= UINT16_MAX);
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip += cbInstr;
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip &= UINT32_C(0xffff);
            break;

        case IEMMODE_32BIT:
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip += cbInstr;
            Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip <= UINT32_MAX);
            break;

        case IEMMODE_64BIT:
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip += cbInstr;
            break;
        default: AssertFailed();
    }
}


#if 0
/**
 * Updates the RIP/EIP/IP to point to the next instruction.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemRegUpdateRipKeepRF(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRegAddToRipKeepRF(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu));
}
#endif



/**
 * Updates the RIP/EIP/IP to point to the next instruction and clears EFLAGS.RF.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbInstr             The number of bytes to add.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemRegAddToRipAndClearRF(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1RF = 0;

    AssertCompile(IEMMODE_16BIT == 0 && IEMMODE_32BIT == 1 && IEMMODE_64BIT == 2);
#if ARCH_BITS >= 64
    static uint64_t const s_aRipMasks[] = { UINT64_C(0xffffffff), UINT64_C(0xffffffff), UINT64_MAX };
    Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip <= s_aRipMasks[(unsigned)pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode]);
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip = (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + cbInstr) & s_aRipMasks[(unsigned)pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode];
#else
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip += cbInstr;
    else
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip += cbInstr;
#endif
}


/**
 * Updates the RIP/EIP/IP to point to the next instruction and clears EFLAGS.RF.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemRegUpdateRipAndClearRF(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    return iemRegAddToRipAndClearRF(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu));
}


/**
 * Adds to the stack pointer.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbToAdd             The number of bytes to add (8-bit!).
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemRegAddToRsp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbToAdd)
{
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp += cbToAdd;
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp += cbToAdd;
    else
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.sp  += cbToAdd;
}


/**
 * Subtracts from the stack pointer.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbToSub             The number of bytes to subtract (8-bit!).
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemRegSubFromRsp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbToSub)
{
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp -= cbToSub;
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp -= cbToSub;
    else
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.sp  -= cbToSub;
}


/**
 * Adds to the temporary stack pointer.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             The temporary SP/ESP/RSP to update.
 * @param   cbToAdd             The number of bytes to add (16-bit).
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemRegAddToRspEx(PCVMCPU pVCpu, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp, uint16_t cbToAdd)
{
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        pTmpRsp->u           += cbToAdd;
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
        pTmpRsp->DWords.dw0  += cbToAdd;
    else
        pTmpRsp->Words.w0    += cbToAdd;
}


/**
 * Subtracts from the temporary stack pointer.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             The temporary SP/ESP/RSP to update.
 * @param   cbToSub             The number of bytes to subtract.
 * @remarks The @a cbToSub argument *MUST* be 16-bit, iemCImpl_enter is
 *          expecting that.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemRegSubFromRspEx(PCVMCPU pVCpu, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp, uint16_t cbToSub)
{
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        pTmpRsp->u          -= cbToSub;
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
        pTmpRsp->DWords.dw0 -= cbToSub;
    else
        pTmpRsp->Words.w0   -= cbToSub;
}


/**
 * Calculates the effective stack address for a push of the specified size as
 * well as the new RSP value (upper bits may be masked).
 *
 * @returns Effective stack addressf for the push.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbItem              The size of the stack item to pop.
 * @param   puNewRsp            Where to return the new RSP value.
 */
DECLINLINE(RTGCPTR) iemRegGetRspForPush(PCVMCPU pVCpu, uint8_t cbItem, uint64_t *puNewRsp)
{
    RTUINT64U   uTmpRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop;
    uTmpRsp.u = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp;

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        GCPtrTop = uTmpRsp.u            -= cbItem;
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
        GCPtrTop = uTmpRsp.DWords.dw0   -= cbItem;
    else
        GCPtrTop = uTmpRsp.Words.w0     -= cbItem;
    *puNewRsp = uTmpRsp.u;
    return GCPtrTop;
}


/**
 * Gets the current stack pointer and calculates the value after a pop of the
 * specified size.
 *
 * @returns Current stack pointer.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbItem              The size of the stack item to pop.
 * @param   puNewRsp            Where to return the new RSP value.
 */
DECLINLINE(RTGCPTR) iemRegGetRspForPop(PCVMCPU pVCpu, uint8_t cbItem, uint64_t *puNewRsp)
{
    RTUINT64U   uTmpRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop;
    uTmpRsp.u = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp;

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        GCPtrTop = uTmpRsp.u;
        uTmpRsp.u += cbItem;
    }
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
    {
        GCPtrTop = uTmpRsp.DWords.dw0;
        uTmpRsp.DWords.dw0 += cbItem;
    }
    else
    {
        GCPtrTop = uTmpRsp.Words.w0;
        uTmpRsp.Words.w0 += cbItem;
    }
    *puNewRsp = uTmpRsp.u;
    return GCPtrTop;
}


/**
 * Calculates the effective stack address for a push of the specified size as
 * well as the new temporary RSP value (upper bits may be masked).
 *
 * @returns Effective stack addressf for the push.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             The temporary stack pointer.  This is updated.
 * @param   cbItem              The size of the stack item to pop.
 */
DECLINLINE(RTGCPTR) iemRegGetRspForPushEx(PCVMCPU pVCpu, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp, uint8_t cbItem)
{
    RTGCPTR GCPtrTop;

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        GCPtrTop = pTmpRsp->u          -= cbItem;
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
        GCPtrTop = pTmpRsp->DWords.dw0 -= cbItem;
    else
        GCPtrTop = pTmpRsp->Words.w0   -= cbItem;
    return GCPtrTop;
}


/**
 * Gets the effective stack address for a pop of the specified size and
 * calculates and updates the temporary RSP.
 *
 * @returns Current stack pointer.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             The temporary stack pointer.  This is updated.
 * @param   cbItem              The size of the stack item to pop.
 */
DECLINLINE(RTGCPTR) iemRegGetRspForPopEx(PCVMCPU pVCpu, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp, uint8_t cbItem)
{
    RTGCPTR GCPtrTop;
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        GCPtrTop = pTmpRsp->u;
        pTmpRsp->u          += cbItem;
    }
    else if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Attr.n.u1DefBig)
    {
        GCPtrTop = pTmpRsp->DWords.dw0;
        pTmpRsp->DWords.dw0 += cbItem;
    }
    else
    {
        GCPtrTop = pTmpRsp->Words.w0;
        pTmpRsp->Words.w0   += cbItem;
    }
    return GCPtrTop;
}

/** @}  */


/** @name   FPU access and helpers.
 *
 * @{
 */


/**
 * Hook for preparing to use the host FPU.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuPrepareUsage(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#ifdef IN_RING3
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_FPU_REM);
#else
    CPUMRZFpuStatePrepareHostCpuForUse(pVCpu);
#endif
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_X87 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SSE_AVX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_OTHER_XSAVE | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCRx);
}


/**
 * Hook for preparing to use the host FPU for SSE.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuPrepareUsageSse(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    iemFpuPrepareUsage(pVCpu);
}


/**
 * Hook for preparing to use the host FPU for AVX.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuPrepareUsageAvx(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    iemFpuPrepareUsage(pVCpu);
}


/**
 * Hook for actualizing the guest FPU state before the interpreter reads it.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuActualizeStateForRead(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#ifdef IN_RING3
    NOREF(pVCpu);
#else
    CPUMRZFpuStateActualizeForRead(pVCpu);
#endif
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_X87 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SSE_AVX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_OTHER_XSAVE | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCRx);
}


/**
 * Hook for actualizing the guest FPU state before the interpreter changes it.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuActualizeStateForChange(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#ifdef IN_RING3
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_FPU_REM);
#else
    CPUMRZFpuStateActualizeForChange(pVCpu);
#endif
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_X87 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SSE_AVX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_OTHER_XSAVE | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCRx);
}


/**
 * Hook for actualizing the guest XMM0..15 and MXCSR register state for read
 * only.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuActualizeSseStateForRead(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#if defined(IN_RING3) || defined(VBOX_WITH_KERNEL_USING_XMM)
    NOREF(pVCpu);
#else
    CPUMRZFpuStateActualizeSseForRead(pVCpu);
#endif
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_X87 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SSE_AVX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_OTHER_XSAVE | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCRx);
}


/**
 * Hook for actualizing the guest XMM0..15 and MXCSR register state for
 * read+write.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuActualizeSseStateForChange(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#if defined(IN_RING3) || defined(VBOX_WITH_KERNEL_USING_XMM)
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_FPU_REM);
#else
    CPUMRZFpuStateActualizeForChange(pVCpu);
#endif
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_X87 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SSE_AVX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_OTHER_XSAVE | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCRx);

    /* Make sure any changes are loaded the next time around. */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.Hdr.bmXState |= XSAVE_C_SSE;
}


/**
 * Hook for actualizing the guest YMM0..15 and MXCSR register state for read
 * only.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuActualizeAvxStateForRead(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#ifdef IN_RING3
    NOREF(pVCpu);
#else
    CPUMRZFpuStateActualizeAvxForRead(pVCpu);
#endif
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_X87 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SSE_AVX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_OTHER_XSAVE | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCRx);
}


/**
 * Hook for actualizing the guest YMM0..15 and MXCSR register state for
 * read+write.
 *
 * This is necessary in ring-0 and raw-mode context (nop in ring-3).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuActualizeAvxStateForChange(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#ifdef IN_RING3
    CPUMSetChangedFlags(pVCpu, CPUM_CHANGED_FPU_REM);
#else
    CPUMRZFpuStateActualizeForChange(pVCpu);
#endif
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_X87 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SSE_AVX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_OTHER_XSAVE | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_XCRx);

    /* Just assume we're going to make changes to the SSE and YMM_HI parts. */
    pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.Hdr.bmXState |= XSAVE_C_YMM | XSAVE_C_SSE;
}


/**
 * Stores a QNaN value into a FPU register.
 *
 * @param   pReg                Pointer to the register.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuStoreQNan(PRTFLOAT80U pReg)
{
    pReg->au32[0] = UINT32_C(0x00000000);
    pReg->au32[1] = UINT32_C(0xc0000000);
    pReg->au16[4] = UINT16_C(0xffff);
}


/**
 * Updates the FOP, FPU.CS and FPUIP registers.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx)
{
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.uFpuOpcode != UINT16_MAX);
    pFpuCtx->FOP = pVCpu->iem.s.uFpuOpcode;
    /** @todo x87.CS and FPUIP needs to be kept seperately. */
    if (IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu))
    {
        /** @todo Testcase: making assumptions about how FPUIP and FPUDP are handled
         *        happens in real mode here based on the fnsave and fnstenv images. */
        pFpuCtx->CS    = 0;
        pFpuCtx->FPUIP = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip | ((uint32_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel << 4);
    }
    else if (!IEM_IS_LONG_MODE(pVCpu))
    {
        pFpuCtx->CS    = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel;
        pFpuCtx->FPUIP = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip;
    }
    else
        *(uint64_t *)&pFpuCtx->FPUIP = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip;
}


/**
 * Updates the x87.DS and FPUDP registers.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 * @param   iEffSeg             The effective segment register.
 * @param   GCPtrEff            The effective address relative to @a iEffSeg.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuUpdateDP(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    RTSEL sel;
    switch (iEffSeg)
    {
        case X86_SREG_DS: sel = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Sel; break;
        case X86_SREG_SS: sel = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel; break;
        case X86_SREG_CS: sel = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel; break;
        case X86_SREG_ES: sel = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Sel; break;
        case X86_SREG_FS: sel = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs.Sel; break;
        case X86_SREG_GS: sel = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs.Sel; break;
        default:
            AssertMsgFailed(("%d\n", iEffSeg));
            sel = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Sel;
    }
    /** @todo pFpuCtx->DS and FPUDP needs to be kept seperately. */
    if (IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu))
    {
        pFpuCtx->DS    = 0;
        pFpuCtx->FPUDP = (uint32_t)GCPtrEff + ((uint32_t)sel << 4);
    }
    else if (!IEM_IS_LONG_MODE(pVCpu))
    {
        pFpuCtx->DS    = sel;
        pFpuCtx->FPUDP = GCPtrEff;
    }
    else
        *(uint64_t *)&pFpuCtx->FPUDP = GCPtrEff;
}


/**
 * Rotates the stack registers in the push direction.
 *
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 * @remarks This is a complete waste of time, but fxsave stores the registers in
 *          stack order.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuRotateStackPush(PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx)
{
    RTFLOAT80U r80Tmp = pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[6].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[6].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[5].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[5].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[4].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[4].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[3].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[3].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[2].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[2].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[1].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[1].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[0].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[0].r80 = r80Tmp;
}


/**
 * Rotates the stack registers in the pop direction.
 *
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 * @remarks This is a complete waste of time, but fxsave stores the registers in
 *          stack order.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemFpuRotateStackPop(PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx)
{
    RTFLOAT80U r80Tmp = pFpuCtx->aRegs[0].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[0].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[1].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[1].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[2].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[2].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[3].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[3].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[4].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[4].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[5].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[5].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[6].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[6].r80 = pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80;
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80 = r80Tmp;
}


/**
 * Updates FSW and pushes a FPU result onto the FPU stack if no pending
 * exception prevents it.
 *
 * @param   pResult             The FPU operation result to push.
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuMaybePushResult(PIEMFPURESULT pResult, PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx)
{
    /* Update FSW and bail if there are pending exceptions afterwards. */
    uint16_t fFsw = pFpuCtx->FSW & ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
    fFsw |= pResult->FSW & ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    if (   (fFsw             & (X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_ZE | X86_FSW_DE))
        & ~(pFpuCtx->FCW & (X86_FCW_IM | X86_FCW_ZM | X86_FCW_DM)))
    {
        pFpuCtx->FSW = fFsw;
        return;
    }

    uint16_t iNewTop = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(fFsw) + 7) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    if (!(pFpuCtx->FTW & RT_BIT(iNewTop)))
    {
        /* All is fine, push the actual value. */
        pFpuCtx->FTW |= RT_BIT(iNewTop);
        pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80 = pResult->r80Result;
    }
    else if (pFpuCtx->FCW & X86_FCW_IM)
    {
        /* Masked stack overflow, push QNaN. */
        fFsw |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF | X86_FSW_C1;
        iemFpuStoreQNan(&pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Raise stack overflow, don't push anything. */
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= pResult->FSW & ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF | X86_FSW_C1 | X86_FSW_B | X86_FSW_ES;
        return;
    }

    fFsw &= ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    fFsw |= iNewTop << X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT;
    pFpuCtx->FSW = fFsw;

    iemFpuRotateStackPush(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Stores a result in a FPU register and updates the FSW and FTW.
 *
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 * @param   pResult             The result to store.
 * @param   iStReg              Which FPU register to store it in.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStoreResultOnly(PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx, PIEMFPURESULT pResult, uint8_t iStReg)
{
    Assert(iStReg < 8);
    uint16_t iReg = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW) + iStReg) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
    pFpuCtx->FSW |= pResult->FSW & ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    pFpuCtx->FTW |= RT_BIT(iReg);
    pFpuCtx->aRegs[iStReg].r80 = pResult->r80Result;
}


/**
 * Only updates the FPU status word (FSW) with the result of the current
 * instruction.
 *
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 * @param   u16FSW              The FSW output of the current instruction.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuUpdateFSWOnly(PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx, uint16_t u16FSW)
{
    pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
    pFpuCtx->FSW |= u16FSW & ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
}


/**
 * Pops one item off the FPU stack if no pending exception prevents it.
 *
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuMaybePopOne(PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx)
{
    /* Check pending exceptions. */
    uint16_t uFSW = pFpuCtx->FSW;
    if (   (pFpuCtx->FSW & (X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_ZE | X86_FSW_DE))
        & ~(pFpuCtx->FCW & (X86_FCW_IM | X86_FCW_ZM | X86_FCW_DM)))
        return;

    /* TOP--. */
    uint16_t iOldTop = uFSW & X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    uFSW &= ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    uFSW |= (iOldTop + (UINT16_C(9) << X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT)) & X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    pFpuCtx->FSW = uFSW;

    /* Mark the previous ST0 as empty. */
    iOldTop >>= X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT;
    pFpuCtx->FTW &= ~RT_BIT(iOldTop);

    /* Rotate the registers. */
    iemFpuRotateStackPop(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Pushes a FPU result onto the FPU stack if no pending exception prevents it.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pResult             The FPU operation result to push.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuPushResult(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMFPURESULT pResult)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuMaybePushResult(pResult, pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Pushes a FPU result onto the FPU stack if no pending exception prevents it,
 * and sets FPUDP and FPUDS.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pResult             The FPU operation result to push.
 * @param   iEffSeg             The effective segment register.
 * @param   GCPtrEff            The effective address relative to @a iEffSeg.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuPushResultWithMemOp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMFPURESULT pResult, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateDP(pVCpu, pFpuCtx, iEffSeg, GCPtrEff);
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuMaybePushResult(pResult, pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Replace ST0 with the first value and push the second onto the FPU stack,
 * unless a pending exception prevents it.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pResult             The FPU operation result to store and push.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuPushResultTwo(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMFPURESULTTWO pResult)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);

    /* Update FSW and bail if there are pending exceptions afterwards. */
    uint16_t fFsw = pFpuCtx->FSW & ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
    fFsw |= pResult->FSW & ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    if (   (fFsw             & (X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_ZE | X86_FSW_DE))
        & ~(pFpuCtx->FCW & (X86_FCW_IM | X86_FCW_ZM | X86_FCW_DM)))
    {
        pFpuCtx->FSW = fFsw;
        return;
    }

    uint16_t iNewTop = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(fFsw) + 7) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    if (!(pFpuCtx->FTW & RT_BIT(iNewTop)))
    {
        /* All is fine, push the actual value. */
        pFpuCtx->FTW |= RT_BIT(iNewTop);
        pFpuCtx->aRegs[0].r80 = pResult->r80Result1;
        pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80 = pResult->r80Result2;
    }
    else if (pFpuCtx->FCW & X86_FCW_IM)
    {
        /* Masked stack overflow, push QNaN. */
        fFsw |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF | X86_FSW_C1;
        iemFpuStoreQNan(&pFpuCtx->aRegs[0].r80);
        iemFpuStoreQNan(&pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Raise stack overflow, don't push anything. */
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= pResult->FSW & ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF | X86_FSW_C1 | X86_FSW_B | X86_FSW_ES;
        return;
    }

    fFsw &= ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    fFsw |= iNewTop << X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT;
    pFpuCtx->FSW = fFsw;

    iemFpuRotateStackPush(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Stores a result in a FPU register, updates the FSW, FTW, FPUIP, FPUCS, and
 * FOP.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pResult             The result to store.
 * @param   iStReg              Which FPU register to store it in.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStoreResult(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMFPURESULT pResult, uint8_t iStReg)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStoreResultOnly(pFpuCtx, pResult, iStReg);
}


/**
 * Stores a result in a FPU register, updates the FSW, FTW, FPUIP, FPUCS, and
 * FOP, and then pops the stack.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pResult             The result to store.
 * @param   iStReg              Which FPU register to store it in.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStoreResultThenPop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMFPURESULT pResult, uint8_t iStReg)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStoreResultOnly(pFpuCtx, pResult, iStReg);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Stores a result in a FPU register, updates the FSW, FTW, FPUIP, FPUCS, FOP,
 * FPUDP, and FPUDS.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pResult             The result to store.
 * @param   iStReg              Which FPU register to store it in.
 * @param   iEffSeg             The effective memory operand selector register.
 * @param   GCPtrEff            The effective memory operand offset.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStoreResultWithMemOp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMFPURESULT pResult, uint8_t iStReg,
                                           uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateDP(pVCpu, pFpuCtx, iEffSeg, GCPtrEff);
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStoreResultOnly(pFpuCtx, pResult, iStReg);
}


/**
 * Stores a result in a FPU register, updates the FSW, FTW, FPUIP, FPUCS, FOP,
 * FPUDP, and FPUDS, and then pops the stack.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pResult             The result to store.
 * @param   iStReg              Which FPU register to store it in.
 * @param   iEffSeg             The effective memory operand selector register.
 * @param   GCPtrEff            The effective memory operand offset.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStoreResultWithMemOpThenPop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMFPURESULT pResult,
                                                  uint8_t iStReg, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateDP(pVCpu, pFpuCtx, iEffSeg, GCPtrEff);
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStoreResultOnly(pFpuCtx, pResult, iStReg);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Updates the FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS.  For FNOP.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Marks the specified stack register as free (for FFREE).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iStReg              The register to free.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStackFree(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg)
{
    Assert(iStReg < 8);
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    uint8_t     iReg    = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW) + iStReg) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    pFpuCtx->FTW &= ~RT_BIT(iReg);
}


/**
 * Increments FSW.TOP, i.e. pops an item off the stack without freeing it.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStackIncTop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    uint16_t    uFsw    = pFpuCtx->FSW;
    uint16_t    uTop    = uFsw & X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    uTop  = (uTop + (1 << X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT)) & X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    uFsw &= ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    uFsw |= uTop;
    pFpuCtx->FSW = uFsw;
}


/**
 * Decrements FSW.TOP, i.e. push an item off the stack without storing anything.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStackDecTop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    uint16_t    uFsw    = pFpuCtx->FSW;
    uint16_t    uTop    = uFsw & X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    uTop  = (uTop + (7 << X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT)) & X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    uFsw &= ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK;
    uFsw |= uTop;
    pFpuCtx->FSW = uFsw;
}


/**
 * Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u16FSW              The FSW from the current instruction.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuUpdateFSW(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t u16FSW)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuUpdateFSWOnly(pFpuCtx, u16FSW);
}


/**
 * Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS, then pops the stack.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u16FSW              The FSW from the current instruction.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuUpdateFSWThenPop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t u16FSW)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuUpdateFSWOnly(pFpuCtx, u16FSW);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, FPUCS, FPUDP, and FPUDS.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u16FSW              The FSW from the current instruction.
 * @param   iEffSeg             The effective memory operand selector register.
 * @param   GCPtrEff            The effective memory operand offset.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuUpdateFSWWithMemOp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t u16FSW, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateDP(pVCpu, pFpuCtx, iEffSeg, GCPtrEff);
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuUpdateFSWOnly(pFpuCtx, u16FSW);
}


/**
 * Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS, then pops the stack twice.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u16FSW              The FSW from the current instruction.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuUpdateFSWThenPopPop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t u16FSW)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuUpdateFSWOnly(pFpuCtx, u16FSW);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, FPUCS, FPUDP, and FPUDS, then pops the stack.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u16FSW              The FSW from the current instruction.
 * @param   iEffSeg             The effective memory operand selector register.
 * @param   GCPtrEff            The effective memory operand offset.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuUpdateFSWWithMemOpThenPop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t u16FSW, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateDP(pVCpu, pFpuCtx, iEffSeg, GCPtrEff);
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuUpdateFSWOnly(pFpuCtx, u16FSW);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Worker routine for raising an FPU stack underflow exception.
 *
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 * @param   iStReg              The stack register being accessed.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStackUnderflowOnly(PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx, uint8_t iStReg)
{
    Assert(iStReg < 8 || iStReg == UINT8_MAX);
    if (pFpuCtx->FCW & X86_FCW_IM)
    {
        /* Masked underflow. */
        pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF;
        uint16_t iReg = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW) + iStReg) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
        if (iStReg != UINT8_MAX)
        {
            pFpuCtx->FTW |= RT_BIT(iReg);
            iemFpuStoreQNan(&pFpuCtx->aRegs[iStReg].r80);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF | X86_FSW_ES | X86_FSW_B;
    }
}


/**
 * Raises a FPU stack underflow exception.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iStReg              The destination register that should be loaded
 *                              with QNaN if \#IS is not masked. Specify
 *                              UINT8_MAX if none (like for fcom).
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void) iemFpuStackUnderflow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStackUnderflowOnly(pFpuCtx, iStReg);
}


DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void)
iemFpuStackUnderflowWithMemOp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateDP(pVCpu, pFpuCtx, iEffSeg, GCPtrEff);
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStackUnderflowOnly(pFpuCtx, iStReg);
}


DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void) iemFpuStackUnderflowThenPop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStackUnderflowOnly(pFpuCtx, iStReg);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
}


DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void)
iemFpuStackUnderflowWithMemOpThenPop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateDP(pVCpu, pFpuCtx, iEffSeg, GCPtrEff);
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStackUnderflowOnly(pFpuCtx, iStReg);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
}


DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void) iemFpuStackUnderflowThenPopPop(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStackUnderflowOnly(pFpuCtx, UINT8_MAX);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuMaybePopOne(pFpuCtx);
}


DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void)
iemFpuStackPushUnderflow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);

    if (pFpuCtx->FCW & X86_FCW_IM)
    {
        /* Masked overflow - Push QNaN. */
        uint16_t iNewTop = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW) + 7) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~(X86_FSW_TOP_MASK | X86_FSW_C_MASK);
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= iNewTop << X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT;
        pFpuCtx->FTW |= RT_BIT(iNewTop);
        iemFpuStoreQNan(&pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80);
        iemFpuRotateStackPush(pFpuCtx);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Exception pending - don't change TOP or the register stack. */
        pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF | X86_FSW_ES | X86_FSW_B;
    }
}


DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void)
iemFpuStackPushUnderflowTwo(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);

    if (pFpuCtx->FCW & X86_FCW_IM)
    {
        /* Masked overflow - Push QNaN. */
        uint16_t iNewTop = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW) + 7) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~(X86_FSW_TOP_MASK | X86_FSW_C_MASK);
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= iNewTop << X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT;
        pFpuCtx->FTW |= RT_BIT(iNewTop);
        iemFpuStoreQNan(&pFpuCtx->aRegs[0].r80);
        iemFpuStoreQNan(&pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80);
        iemFpuRotateStackPush(pFpuCtx);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Exception pending - don't change TOP or the register stack. */
        pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF | X86_FSW_ES | X86_FSW_B;
    }
}


/**
 * Worker routine for raising an FPU stack overflow exception on a push.
 *
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuStackPushOverflowOnly(PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx)
{
    if (pFpuCtx->FCW & X86_FCW_IM)
    {
        /* Masked overflow. */
        uint16_t iNewTop = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW) + 7) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~(X86_FSW_TOP_MASK | X86_FSW_C_MASK);
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_C1 | X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= iNewTop << X86_FSW_TOP_SHIFT;
        pFpuCtx->FTW |= RT_BIT(iNewTop);
        iemFpuStoreQNan(&pFpuCtx->aRegs[7].r80);
        iemFpuRotateStackPush(pFpuCtx);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Exception pending - don't change TOP or the register stack. */
        pFpuCtx->FSW &= ~X86_FSW_C_MASK;
        pFpuCtx->FSW |= X86_FSW_C1 | X86_FSW_IE | X86_FSW_SF | X86_FSW_ES | X86_FSW_B;
    }
}


/**
 * Raises a FPU stack overflow exception on a push.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void) iemFpuStackPushOverflow(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStackPushOverflowOnly(pFpuCtx);
}


/**
 * Raises a FPU stack overflow exception on a push with a memory operand.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iEffSeg             The effective memory operand selector register.
 * @param   GCPtrEff            The effective memory operand offset.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void)
iemFpuStackPushOverflowWithMemOp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrEff)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    iemFpuUpdateDP(pVCpu, pFpuCtx, iEffSeg, GCPtrEff);
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIpWorker(pVCpu, pFpuCtx);
    iemFpuStackPushOverflowOnly(pFpuCtx);
}


IEM_STATIC int iemFpuStRegNotEmpty(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    uint16_t    iReg    = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW) + iStReg) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    if (pFpuCtx->FTW & RT_BIT(iReg))
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    return VERR_NOT_FOUND;
}


IEM_STATIC int iemFpuStRegNotEmptyRef(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg, PCRTFLOAT80U *ppRef)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    uint16_t    iReg    = (X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW) + iStReg) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    if (pFpuCtx->FTW & RT_BIT(iReg))
    {
        *ppRef = &pFpuCtx->aRegs[iStReg].r80;
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    return VERR_NOT_FOUND;
}


IEM_STATIC int iemFpu2StRegsNotEmptyRef(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg0, PCRTFLOAT80U *ppRef0,
                                        uint8_t iStReg1, PCRTFLOAT80U *ppRef1)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    uint16_t    iTop    = X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW);
    uint16_t    iReg0   = (iTop + iStReg0) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    uint16_t    iReg1   = (iTop + iStReg1) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    if ((pFpuCtx->FTW & (RT_BIT(iReg0) | RT_BIT(iReg1))) == (RT_BIT(iReg0) | RT_BIT(iReg1)))
    {
        *ppRef0 = &pFpuCtx->aRegs[iStReg0].r80;
        *ppRef1 = &pFpuCtx->aRegs[iStReg1].r80;
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    return VERR_NOT_FOUND;
}


IEM_STATIC int iemFpu2StRegsNotEmptyRefFirst(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iStReg0, PCRTFLOAT80U *ppRef0, uint8_t iStReg1)
{
    PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
    uint16_t    iTop    = X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW);
    uint16_t    iReg0   = (iTop + iStReg0) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    uint16_t    iReg1   = (iTop + iStReg1) & X86_FSW_TOP_SMASK;
    if ((pFpuCtx->FTW & (RT_BIT(iReg0) | RT_BIT(iReg1))) == (RT_BIT(iReg0) | RT_BIT(iReg1)))
    {
        *ppRef0 = &pFpuCtx->aRegs[iStReg0].r80;
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    return VERR_NOT_FOUND;
}


/**
 * Updates the FPU exception status after FCW is changed.
 *
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemFpuRecalcExceptionStatus(PX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx)
{
    uint16_t u16Fsw = pFpuCtx->FSW;
    if ((u16Fsw & X86_FSW_XCPT_MASK) & ~(pFpuCtx->FCW & X86_FCW_XCPT_MASK))
        u16Fsw |= X86_FSW_ES | X86_FSW_B;
    else
        u16Fsw &= ~(X86_FSW_ES | X86_FSW_B);
    pFpuCtx->FSW = u16Fsw;
}


/**
 * Calculates the full FTW (FPU tag word) for use in FNSTENV and FNSAVE.
 *
 * @returns The full FTW.
 * @param   pFpuCtx             The FPU context.
 */
IEM_STATIC uint16_t iemFpuCalcFullFtw(PCX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx)
{
    uint8_t const   u8Ftw  = (uint8_t)pFpuCtx->FTW;
    uint16_t        u16Ftw = 0;
    unsigned const  iTop   = X86_FSW_TOP_GET(pFpuCtx->FSW);
    for (unsigned iSt = 0; iSt < 8; iSt++)
    {
        unsigned const iReg = (iSt + iTop) & 7;
        if (!(u8Ftw & RT_BIT(iReg)))
            u16Ftw |= 3 << (iReg * 2); /* empty */
        else
        {
            uint16_t uTag;
            PCRTFLOAT80U const pr80Reg = &pFpuCtx->aRegs[iSt].r80;
            if (pr80Reg->s.uExponent == 0x7fff)
                uTag = 2; /* Exponent is all 1's => Special. */
            else if (pr80Reg->s.uExponent == 0x0000)
            {
                if (pr80Reg->s.uMantissa == 0x0000)
                    uTag = 1; /* All bits are zero => Zero. */
                else
                    uTag = 2; /* Must be special. */
            }
            else if (pr80Reg->s.uMantissa & RT_BIT_64(63)) /* The J bit. */
                uTag = 0; /* Valid. */
            else
                uTag = 2; /* Must be special. */

            u16Ftw |= uTag << (iReg * 2); /* empty */
        }
    }

    return u16Ftw;
}


/**
 * Converts a full FTW to a compressed one (for use in FLDENV and FRSTOR).
 *
 * @returns The compressed FTW.
 * @param   u16FullFtw      The full FTW to convert.
 */
IEM_STATIC uint16_t iemFpuCompressFtw(uint16_t u16FullFtw)
{
    uint8_t u8Ftw = 0;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        if ((u16FullFtw & 3) != 3 /*empty*/)
            u8Ftw |= RT_BIT(i);
        u16FullFtw >>= 2;
    }

    return u8Ftw;
}

/** @}  */


/** @name   Memory access.
 *
 * @{
 */


/**
 * Updates the IEMCPU::cbWritten counter if applicable.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   fAccess             The access being accounted for.
 * @param   cbMem               The access size.
 */
DECL_FORCE_INLINE(void) iemMemUpdateWrittenCounter(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t fAccess, size_t cbMem)
{
    if (   (fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)) == (IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_STACK | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
        || (fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)) == (IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_DATA | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE) )
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbWritten += (uint32_t)cbMem;
}


/**
 * Checks if the given segment can be written to, raise the appropriate
 * exception if not.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pHid                Pointer to the hidden register.
 * @param   iSegReg             The register number.
 * @param   pu64BaseAddr        Where to return the base address to use for the
 *                              segment. (In 64-bit code it may differ from the
 *                              base in the hidden segment.)
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemMemSegCheckWriteAccessEx(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCCPUMSELREGHID pHid, uint8_t iSegReg, uint64_t *pu64BaseAddr)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        *pu64BaseAddr = iSegReg < X86_SREG_FS ? 0 : pHid->u64Base;
    else
    {
        if (!pHid->Attr.n.u1Present)
        {
            uint16_t    uSel = iemSRegFetchU16(pVCpu, iSegReg);
            AssertRelease(uSel == 0);
            Log(("iemMemSegCheckWriteAccessEx: %#x (index %u) - bad selector -> #GP\n", uSel, iSegReg));
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
        }

        if (   (   (pHid->Attr.n.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE)
                || !(pHid->Attr.n.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_WRITE) )
            &&  pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT )
            return iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccess(pVCpu, iSegReg, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
        *pu64BaseAddr = pHid->u64Base;
    }
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Checks if the given segment can be read from, raise the appropriate
 * exception if not.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pHid                Pointer to the hidden register.
 * @param   iSegReg             The register number.
 * @param   pu64BaseAddr        Where to return the base address to use for the
 *                              segment. (In 64-bit code it may differ from the
 *                              base in the hidden segment.)
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemMemSegCheckReadAccessEx(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCCPUMSELREGHID pHid, uint8_t iSegReg, uint64_t *pu64BaseAddr)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
        *pu64BaseAddr = iSegReg < X86_SREG_FS ? 0 : pHid->u64Base;
    else
    {
        if (!pHid->Attr.n.u1Present)
        {
            uint16_t    uSel = iemSRegFetchU16(pVCpu, iSegReg);
            AssertRelease(uSel == 0);
            Log(("iemMemSegCheckReadAccessEx: %#x (index %u) - bad selector -> #GP\n", uSel, iSegReg));
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
        }

        if ((pHid->Attr.n.u4Type & (X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_READ)) == X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE)
            return iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccess(pVCpu, iSegReg, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
        *pu64BaseAddr = pHid->u64Base;
    }
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Applies the segment limit, base and attributes.
 *
 * This may raise a \#GP or \#SS.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   fAccess             The kind of access which is being performed.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to apply.
 *                              This is UINT8_MAX if none (for IDT, GDT, LDT,
 *                              TSS, ++).
 * @param   cbMem               The access size.
 * @param   pGCPtrMem           Pointer to the guest memory address to apply
 *                              segmentation to.  Input and output parameter.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemMemApplySegment(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t fAccess, uint8_t iSegReg, size_t cbMem, PRTGCPTR pGCPtrMem)
{
    if (iSegReg == UINT8_MAX)
        return VINF_SUCCESS;

    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_RET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
    PCPUMSELREGHID pSel = iemSRegGetHid(pVCpu, iSegReg);
    switch (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode)
    {
        case IEMMODE_16BIT:
        case IEMMODE_32BIT:
        {
            RTGCPTR32 GCPtrFirst32 = (RTGCPTR32)*pGCPtrMem;
            RTGCPTR32 GCPtrLast32  = GCPtrFirst32 + (uint32_t)cbMem - 1;

            if (   pSel->Attr.n.u1Present
                && !pSel->Attr.n.u1Unusable)
            {
                Assert(pSel->Attr.n.u1DescType);
                if (!(pSel->Attr.n.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE))
                {
                    if (   (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
                        && !(pSel->Attr.n.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_WRITE) )
                        return iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccess(pVCpu, iSegReg, fAccess);

                    if (!IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu))
                    {
                        /** @todo CPL check. */
                    }

                    /*
                     * There are two kinds of data selectors, normal and expand down.
                     */
                    if (!(pSel->Attr.n.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_DOWN))
                    {
                        if (   GCPtrFirst32 > pSel->u32Limit
                            || GCPtrLast32  > pSel->u32Limit) /* yes, in real mode too (since 80286). */
                            return iemRaiseSelectorBounds(pVCpu, iSegReg, fAccess);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                       /*
                        * The upper boundary is defined by the B bit, not the G bit!
                        */
                       if (   GCPtrFirst32 < pSel->u32Limit + UINT32_C(1)
                           || GCPtrLast32  > (pSel->Attr.n.u1DefBig ? UINT32_MAX : UINT32_C(0xffff)))
                          return iemRaiseSelectorBounds(pVCpu, iSegReg, fAccess);
                    }
                    *pGCPtrMem = GCPtrFirst32 += (uint32_t)pSel->u64Base;
                }
                else
                {

                    /*
                     * Code selector and usually be used to read thru, writing is
                     * only permitted in real and V8086 mode.
                     */
                    if (   (   (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
                            || (   (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ)
                               && !(pSel->Attr.n.u4Type & X86_SEL_TYPE_READ)) )
                        && !IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu) )
                        return iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccess(pVCpu, iSegReg, fAccess);

                    if (   GCPtrFirst32 > pSel->u32Limit
                        || GCPtrLast32  > pSel->u32Limit) /* yes, in real mode too (since 80286). */
                        return iemRaiseSelectorBounds(pVCpu, iSegReg, fAccess);

                    if (!IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu))
                    {
                        /** @todo CPL check. */
                    }

                    *pGCPtrMem  = GCPtrFirst32 += (uint32_t)pSel->u64Base;
                }
            }
            else
                return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
            return VINF_SUCCESS;
        }

        case IEMMODE_64BIT:
        {
            RTGCPTR GCPtrMem = *pGCPtrMem;
            if (iSegReg == X86_SREG_GS || iSegReg == X86_SREG_FS)
                *pGCPtrMem = GCPtrMem + pSel->u64Base;

            Assert(cbMem >= 1);
            if (RT_LIKELY(X86_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrMem) && X86_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrMem + cbMem - 1)))
                return VINF_SUCCESS;
            /** @todo We should probably raise \#SS(0) here if segment is SS; see AMD spec.
             *        4.12.2 "Data Limit Checks in 64-bit Mode". */
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
        }

        default:
            AssertFailedReturn(VERR_IEM_IPE_7);
    }
}


/**
 * Translates a virtual address to a physical physical address and checks if we
 * can access the page as specified.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The virtual address.
 * @param   fAccess             The intended access.
 * @param   pGCPhysMem          Where to return the physical address.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint32_t fAccess, PRTGCPHYS pGCPhysMem)
{
    /** @todo Need a different PGM interface here.  We're currently using
     *        generic / REM interfaces. this won't cut it for R0. */
    /** @todo If/when PGM handles paged real-mode, we can remove the hack in
     *        iemSvmWorldSwitch/iemVmxWorldSwitch to work around raising a page-fault
     *        here. */
    PGMPTWALK Walk;
    int rc = PGMGstGetPage(pVCpu, GCPtrMem, &Walk);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        Log(("iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess: GCPtrMem=%RGv - failed to fetch page -> #PF\n", GCPtrMem));
        /** @todo Check unassigned memory in unpaged mode. */
        /** @todo Reserved bits in page tables. Requires new PGM interface. */
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
        if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
            IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, fAccess, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PHYS_ADDR, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
        *pGCPhysMem = NIL_RTGCPHYS;
        return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrMem, fAccess, rc);
    }

    /* If the page is writable and does not have the no-exec bit set, all
       access is allowed.  Otherwise we'll have to check more carefully... */
    if ((Walk.fEffective & (X86_PTE_RW | X86_PTE_US | X86_PTE_PAE_NX)) != (X86_PTE_RW | X86_PTE_US))
    {
        /* Write to read only memory? */
        if (   (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
            && !(Walk.fEffective & X86_PTE_RW)
            && (   (    pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl == 3
                    && !(fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_SYS))
                || (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_WP)))
        {
            Log(("iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess: GCPtrMem=%RGv - read-only page -> #PF\n", GCPtrMem));
            *pGCPhysMem = NIL_RTGCPHYS;
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
            if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
                IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, fAccess, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PAGE_TABLE, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
            return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrMem, fAccess & ~IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ, VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
        }

        /* Kernel memory accessed by userland? */
        if (   !(Walk.fEffective & X86_PTE_US)
            && pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl == 3
            && !(fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_SYS))
        {
            Log(("iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess: GCPtrMem=%RGv - user access to kernel page -> #PF\n", GCPtrMem));
            *pGCPhysMem = NIL_RTGCPHYS;
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
            if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
                IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, fAccess, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PAGE_TABLE, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
            return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrMem, fAccess, VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
        }

        /* Executing non-executable memory? */
        if (   (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_EXEC)
            && (Walk.fEffective & X86_PTE_PAE_NX)
            && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.msrEFER & MSR_K6_EFER_NXE) )
        {
            Log(("iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess: GCPtrMem=%RGv - NX -> #PF\n", GCPtrMem));
            *pGCPhysMem = NIL_RTGCPHYS;
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
            if (Walk.fFailed & PGM_WALKFAIL_EPT)
                IEM_VMX_VMEXIT_EPT_RET(pVCpu, &Walk, fAccess, IEM_SLAT_FAIL_LINEAR_TO_PAGE_TABLE, 0 /* cbInstr */);
#endif
            return iemRaisePageFault(pVCpu, GCPtrMem, fAccess & ~(IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE),
                                     VERR_ACCESS_DENIED);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Set the dirty / access flags.
     * ASSUMES this is set when the address is translated rather than on committ...
     */
    /** @todo testcase: check when A and D bits are actually set by the CPU.  */
    uint32_t fAccessedDirty = fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE ? X86_PTE_D | X86_PTE_A : X86_PTE_A;
    if ((Walk.fEffective & fAccessedDirty) != fAccessedDirty)
    {
        int rc2 = PGMGstModifyPage(pVCpu, GCPtrMem, 1, fAccessedDirty, ~(uint64_t)fAccessedDirty);
        AssertRC(rc2);
        /** @todo Nested VMX: Accessed/dirty bit currently not supported, asserted below. */
        Assert(!(CPUMGetGuestIa32VmxEptVpidCap(pVCpu) & VMX_BF_EPT_VPID_CAP_ACCESS_DIRTY_MASK));
    }

    RTGCPHYS const GCPhys = Walk.GCPhys | (GCPtrMem & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
    *pGCPhysMem = GCPhys;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}



/**
 * Maps a physical page.
 *
 * @returns VBox status code (see PGMR3PhysTlbGCPhys2Ptr).
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   GCPhysMem           The physical address.
 * @param   fAccess             The intended access.
 * @param   ppvMem              Where to return the mapping address.
 * @param   pLock               The PGM lock.
 */
IEM_STATIC int iemMemPageMap(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhysMem, uint32_t fAccess, void **ppvMem, PPGMPAGEMAPLOCK pLock)
{
#ifdef IEM_LOG_MEMORY_WRITES
    if (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
        return VERR_PGM_PHYS_TLB_CATCH_ALL;
#endif

    /** @todo This API may require some improving later.  A private deal with PGM
     *        regarding locking and unlocking needs to be struct.  A couple of TLBs
     *        living in PGM, but with publicly accessible inlined access methods
     *        could perhaps be an even better solution. */
    int rc = PGMPhysIemGCPhys2Ptr(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), pVCpu,
                                  GCPhysMem,
                                  RT_BOOL(fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE),
                                  pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers,
                                  ppvMem,
                                  pLock);
    /*Log(("PGMPhysIemGCPhys2Ptr %Rrc pLock=%.*Rhxs\n", rc, sizeof(*pLock), pLock));*/
    AssertMsg(rc == VINF_SUCCESS || RT_FAILURE_NP(rc), ("%Rrc\n", rc));

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Unmap a page previously mapped by iemMemPageMap.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   GCPhysMem           The physical address.
 * @param   fAccess             The intended access.
 * @param   pvMem               What iemMemPageMap returned.
 * @param   pLock               The PGM lock.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) iemMemPageUnmap(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhysMem, uint32_t fAccess, const void *pvMem, PPGMPAGEMAPLOCK pLock)
{
    NOREF(pVCpu);
    NOREF(GCPhysMem);
    NOREF(fAccess);
    NOREF(pvMem);
    PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), pLock);
}


/**
 * Looks up a memory mapping entry.
 *
 * @returns The mapping index (positive) or VERR_NOT_FOUND (negative).
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pvMem           The memory address.
 * @param   fAccess         The access to.
 */
DECLINLINE(int) iemMapLookup(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void *pvMem, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings <= RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings));
    fAccess &= IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_MASK;
    if (   pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].pv == pvMem
        && (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_MASK)) == fAccess)
        return 0;
    if (   pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].pv == pvMem
        && (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_MASK)) == fAccess)
        return 1;
    if (   pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].pv == pvMem
        && (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_MASK)) == fAccess)
        return 2;
    return VERR_NOT_FOUND;
}


/**
 * Finds a free memmap entry when using iNextMapping doesn't work.
 *
 * @returns Memory mapping index, 1024 on failure.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC unsigned iemMemMapFindFree(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    /*
     * The easy case.
     */
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0)
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping = 1;
        return 0;
    }

    /* There should be enough mappings for all instructions. */
    AssertReturn(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings < RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings), 1024);

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings); i++)
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[i].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID)
            return i;

    AssertFailedReturn(1024);
}


/**
 * Commits a bounce buffer that needs writing back and unmaps it.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iMemMap         The index of the buffer to commit.
 * @param   fPostponeFail   Whether we can postpone writer failures to ring-3.
 *                          Always false in ring-3, obviously.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, unsigned iMemMap, bool fPostponeFail)
{
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_BOUNCE_BUFFERED);
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE);
#ifdef IN_RING3
    Assert(!fPostponeFail);
    RT_NOREF_PV(fPostponeFail);
#endif

    /*
     * Do the writing.
     */
    PVMCC pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
    if (!pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].fUnassigned)
    {
        uint16_t const  cbFirst  = pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbFirst;
        uint16_t const  cbSecond = pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbSecond;
        uint8_t const  *pbBuf    = &pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab[0];
        if (!pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers)
        {
            /*
             * Carefully and efficiently dealing with access handler return
             * codes make this a little bloated.
             */
            VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = PGMPhysWrite(pVM,
                                                 pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst,
                                                 pbBuf,
                                                 cbFirst,
                                                 PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
            if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            {
                if (cbSecond)
                {
                    rcStrict = PGMPhysWrite(pVM,
                                            pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond,
                                            pbBuf + cbFirst,
                                            cbSecond,
                                            PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
                    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                    { /* nothing */ }
                    else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
                    {
                        Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x %Rrc\n",
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst,
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                        rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                    }
#ifndef IN_RING3
                    else if (fPostponeFail)
                    {
                        Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x %Rrc (postponed)\n",
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst,
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                        pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess |= IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_2ND;
                        VMCPU_FF_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_IEM);
                        return iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                    }
#endif
                    else
                    {
                        Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x %Rrc (!!)\n",
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst,
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                        return rcStrict;
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
            {
                if (!cbSecond)
                {
                    Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x %Rrc\n",
                         pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                    rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                }
                else
                {
                    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = PGMPhysWrite(pVM,
                                                          pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond,
                                                          pbBuf + cbFirst,
                                                          cbSecond,
                                                          PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
                    if (rcStrict2 == VINF_SUCCESS)
                    {
                        Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x %Rrc GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x\n",
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict),
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond));
                        rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                    }
                    else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict2))
                    {
                        Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x %Rrc GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x %Rrc\n",
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict),
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict2) ));
                        PGM_PHYS_RW_DO_UPDATE_STRICT_RC(rcStrict, rcStrict2);
                        rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                    }
#ifndef IN_RING3
                    else if (fPostponeFail)
                    {
                        Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x %Rrc (postponed)\n",
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst,
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                        pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess |= IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_2ND;
                        VMCPU_FF_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_IEM);
                        return iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                    }
#endif
                    else
                    {
                        Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x %Rrc GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x %Rrc (!!)\n",
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict),
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict2) ));
                        return rcStrict2;
                    }
                }
            }
#ifndef IN_RING3
            else if (fPostponeFail)
            {
                Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x %Rrc (postponed)\n",
                     pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst,
                     pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                if (!cbSecond)
                    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess |= IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_1ST;
                else
                    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess |= IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_1ST | IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_2ND;
                VMCPU_FF_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_IEM);
                return iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
            }
#endif
            else
            {
                Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysWrite GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x %Rrc [GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x] (!!)\n",
                     pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict),
                     pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond));
                return rcStrict;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * No access handlers, much simpler.
             */
            int rc = PGMPhysSimpleWriteGCPhys(pVM, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, pbBuf, cbFirst);
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                if (cbSecond)
                {
                    rc = PGMPhysSimpleWriteGCPhys(pVM, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, pbBuf + cbFirst, cbSecond);
                    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                    { /* likely */ }
                    else
                    {
                        Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysSimpleWriteGCPhys GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x %Rrc (!!)\n",
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst,
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond, rc));
                        return rc;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Log(("iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap: PGMPhysSimpleWriteGCPhys GCPhysFirst=%RGp/%#x %Rrc [GCPhysSecond=%RGp/%#x] (!!)\n",
                     pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst, rc,
                     pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond));
                return rc;
            }
        }
    }

#if defined(IEM_LOG_MEMORY_WRITES)
    Log(("IEM Wrote %RGp: %.*Rhxs\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst,
         RT_MAX(RT_MIN(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbFirst, 64), 1), &pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab[0]));
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbSecond)
        Log(("IEM Wrote %RGp: %.*Rhxs [2nd page]\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond,
             RT_MIN(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbSecond, 64),
             &pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab[pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbFirst]));

    size_t cbWrote = pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbFirst + pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbSecond;
    g_cbIemWrote = cbWrote;
    memcpy(g_abIemWrote, &pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab[0], RT_MIN(cbWrote, sizeof(g_abIemWrote)));
#endif

    /*
     * Free the mapping entry.
     */
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_INVALID;
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings != 0);
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings--;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * iemMemMap worker that deals with a request crossing pages.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemMemBounceBufferMapCrossPage(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, int iMemMap, void **ppvMem, size_t cbMem, RTGCPTR GCPtrFirst, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    /*
     * Do the address translations.
     */
    RTGCPHYS GCPhysFirst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess(pVCpu, GCPtrFirst, fAccess, &GCPhysFirst);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return rcStrict;

    RTGCPHYS GCPhysSecond;
    rcStrict = iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess(pVCpu, (GCPtrFirst + (cbMem - 1)) & ~(RTGCPTR)GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK,
                                                 fAccess, &GCPhysSecond);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return rcStrict;
    GCPhysSecond &= ~(RTGCPHYS)GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK;

    PVMCC pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);

    /*
     * Read in the current memory content if it's a read, execute or partial
     * write access.
     */
    uint8_t        *pbBuf        = &pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab[0];
    uint32_t const  cbFirstPage  = GUEST_PAGE_SIZE - (GCPhysFirst & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK);
    uint32_t const  cbSecondPage = (uint32_t)(cbMem - cbFirstPage);

    if (fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_EXEC | IEM_ACCESS_PARTIAL_WRITE))
    {
        if (!pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers)
        {
            /*
             * Must carefully deal with access handler status codes here,
             * makes the code a bit bloated.
             */
            rcStrict = PGMPhysRead(pVM, GCPhysFirst, pbBuf, cbFirstPage, PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
            if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            {
                rcStrict = PGMPhysRead(pVM, GCPhysSecond, pbBuf + cbFirstPage, cbSecondPage, PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
                if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                { /*likely */ }
                else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
                    rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                else
                {
                    Log(("iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys: PGMPhysRead GCPhysSecond=%RGp rcStrict2=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                         GCPhysSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                    return rcStrict;
                }
            }
            else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
            {
                VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = PGMPhysRead(pVM, GCPhysSecond, pbBuf + cbFirstPage, cbSecondPage, PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
                if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict2))
                {
                    PGM_PHYS_RW_DO_UPDATE_STRICT_RC(rcStrict, rcStrict2);
                    rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                }
                else
                {
                    Log(("iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys: PGMPhysRead GCPhysSecond=%RGp rcStrict2=%Rrc (rcStrict=%Rrc) (!!)\n",
                         GCPhysSecond, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict2), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict2) ));
                    return rcStrict2;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Log(("iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys: PGMPhysRead GCPhysFirst=%RGp rcStrict=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                     GCPhysFirst, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                return rcStrict;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * No informational status codes here, much more straight forward.
             */
            int rc = PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys(pVM, pbBuf, GCPhysFirst, cbFirstPage);
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                Assert(rc == VINF_SUCCESS);
                rc = PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys(pVM, pbBuf + cbFirstPage, GCPhysSecond, cbSecondPage);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                    Assert(rc == VINF_SUCCESS);
                else
                {
                    Log(("iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys: PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys GCPhysSecond=%RGp rc=%Rrc (!!)\n", GCPhysSecond, rc));
                    return rc;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Log(("iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys: PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys GCPhysFirst=%RGp rc=%Rrc (!!)\n", GCPhysFirst, rc));
                return rc;
            }
        }
    }
#ifdef VBOX_STRICT
    else
        memset(pbBuf, 0xcc, cbMem);
    if (cbMem < sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab))
        memset(pbBuf + cbMem, 0xaa, sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab) - cbMem);
#endif

    /*
     * Commit the bounce buffer entry.
     */
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst    = GCPhysFirst;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond   = GCPhysSecond;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbFirst        = (uint16_t)cbFirstPage;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbSecond       = (uint16_t)cbSecondPage;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].fUnassigned    = false;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].pv               = pbBuf;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess          = fAccess | IEM_ACCESS_BOUNCE_BUFFERED;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping = iMemMap + 1;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings++;

    iemMemUpdateWrittenCounter(pVCpu, fAccess, cbMem);
    *ppvMem = pbBuf;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * iemMemMap woker that deals with iemMemPageMap failures.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, unsigned iMemMap, void **ppvMem, size_t cbMem,
                                                  RTGCPHYS GCPhysFirst, uint32_t fAccess, VBOXSTRICTRC rcMap)
{
    /*
     * Filter out conditions we can handle and the ones which shouldn't happen.
     */
    if (   rcMap != VERR_PGM_PHYS_TLB_CATCH_WRITE
        && rcMap != VERR_PGM_PHYS_TLB_CATCH_ALL
        && rcMap != VERR_PGM_PHYS_TLB_UNASSIGNED)
    {
        AssertReturn(RT_FAILURE_NP(rcMap), VERR_IEM_IPE_8);
        return rcMap;
    }
    pVCpu->iem.s.cPotentialExits++;

    /*
     * Read in the current memory content if it's a read, execute or partial
     * write access.
     */
    uint8_t *pbBuf = &pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab[0];
    if (fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ | IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_EXEC | IEM_ACCESS_PARTIAL_WRITE))
    {
        if (rcMap == VERR_PGM_PHYS_TLB_UNASSIGNED)
            memset(pbBuf, 0xff, cbMem);
        else
        {
            int rc;
            if (!pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers)
            {
                VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = PGMPhysRead(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), GCPhysFirst, pbBuf, cbMem, PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
                if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                { /* nothing */ }
                else if (PGM_PHYS_RW_IS_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
                    rcStrict = iemSetPassUpStatus(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                else
                {
                    Log(("iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys: PGMPhysRead GCPhysFirst=%RGp rcStrict=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                         GCPhysFirst, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
                    return rcStrict;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                rc = PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), pbBuf, GCPhysFirst, cbMem);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                { /* likely */ }
                else
                {
                    Log(("iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys: PGMPhysSimpleReadGCPhys GCPhysFirst=%RGp rcStrict=%Rrc (!!)\n",
                         GCPhysFirst, rc));
                    return rc;
                }
            }
        }
    }
#ifdef VBOX_STRICT
    else
        memset(pbBuf, 0xcc, cbMem);
#endif
#ifdef VBOX_STRICT
    if (cbMem < sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab))
        memset(pbBuf + cbMem, 0xaa, sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab) - cbMem);
#endif

    /*
     * Commit the bounce buffer entry.
     */
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst    = GCPhysFirst;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond   = NIL_RTGCPHYS;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbFirst        = (uint16_t)cbMem;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbSecond       = 0;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].fUnassigned    = rcMap == VERR_PGM_PHYS_TLB_UNASSIGNED;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].pv               = pbBuf;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess          = fAccess | IEM_ACCESS_BOUNCE_BUFFERED;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping = iMemMap + 1;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings++;

    iemMemUpdateWrittenCounter(pVCpu, fAccess, cbMem);
    *ppvMem = pbBuf;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}



/**
 * Maps the specified guest memory for the given kind of access.
 *
 * This may be using bounce buffering of the memory if it's crossing a page
 * boundary or if there is an access handler installed for any of it.  Because
 * of lock prefix guarantees, we're in for some extra clutter when this
 * happens.
 *
 * This may raise a \#GP, \#SS, \#PF or \#AC.
 *
 * @returns VBox strict status code.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   ppvMem              Where to return the pointer to the mapped
 *                              memory.
 * @param   cbMem               The number of bytes to map.  This is usually 1,
 *                              2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 32 or 512.  When used by
 *                              string operations it can be up to a page.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 *                              Use UINT8_MAX to indicate that no segmentation
 *                              is required (for IDT, GDT and LDT accesses).
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   fAccess             How the memory is being accessed.  The
 *                              IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_XXX bit is used to figure out
 *                              how to map the memory, while the
 *                              IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_XXX bit is used when raising
 *                              exceptions.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemMemMap(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void **ppvMem, size_t cbMem, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    /*
     * Check the input and figure out which mapping entry to use.
     */
    Assert(cbMem <= 64 || cbMem == 512 || cbMem == 256 || cbMem == 108 || cbMem == 104 || cbMem == 102 || cbMem == 94); /* 512 is the max! */
    Assert(~(fAccess & ~(IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_MASK | IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK)));
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings < RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings));

    unsigned iMemMap = pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping;
    if (   iMemMap >= RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings)
        || pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess != IEM_ACCESS_INVALID)
    {
        iMemMap = iemMemMapFindFree(pVCpu);
        AssertLogRelMsgReturn(iMemMap < RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings),
                              ("active=%d fAccess[0] = {%#x, %#x, %#x}\n", pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings,
                               pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess,
                               pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess),
                              VERR_IEM_IPE_9);
    }

    /*
     * Map the memory, checking that we can actually access it.  If something
     * slightly complicated happens, fall back on bounce buffering.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemApplySegment(pVCpu, fAccess, iSegReg, cbMem, &GCPtrMem);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return rcStrict;

    if ((GCPtrMem & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK) + cbMem > GUEST_PAGE_SIZE) /* Crossing a page boundary? */
        return iemMemBounceBufferMapCrossPage(pVCpu, iMemMap, ppvMem, cbMem, GCPtrMem, fAccess);

    RTGCPHYS GCPhysFirst;
    rcStrict = iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess(pVCpu, GCPtrMem, fAccess, &GCPhysFirst);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return rcStrict;

    if (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
        Log8(("IEM WR %RGv (%RGp) LB %#zx\n", GCPtrMem, GCPhysFirst, cbMem));
    if (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ)
        Log9(("IEM RD %RGv (%RGp) LB %#zx\n", GCPtrMem, GCPhysFirst, cbMem));

    void *pvMem;
    rcStrict = iemMemPageMap(pVCpu, GCPhysFirst, fAccess, &pvMem, &pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappingLocks[iMemMap].Lock);
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        return iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys(pVCpu, iMemMap, ppvMem, cbMem, GCPhysFirst, fAccess, rcStrict);

    /*
     * Fill in the mapping table entry.
     */
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].pv      = pvMem;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess = fAccess;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping = iMemMap + 1;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings++;

    iemMemUpdateWrittenCounter(pVCpu, fAccess, cbMem);
    *ppvMem = pvMem;

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Commits the guest memory if bounce buffered and unmaps it.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pvMem               The mapping.
 * @param   fAccess             The kind of access.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemCommitAndUnmap(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void *pvMem, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    int iMemMap = iemMapLookup(pVCpu, pvMem, fAccess);
    AssertReturn(iMemMap >= 0, iMemMap);

    /* If it's bounce buffered, we may need to write back the buffer. */
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_BOUNCE_BUFFERED)
    {
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
            return iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, iMemMap, false /*fPostponeFail*/);
    }
    /* Otherwise unlock it. */
    else
        PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), &pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappingLocks[iMemMap].Lock);

    /* Free the entry. */
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_INVALID;
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings != 0);
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings--;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

/**
 * Maps the specified guest memory for the given kind of access, longjmp on
 * error.
 *
 * This may be using bounce buffering of the memory if it's crossing a page
 * boundary or if there is an access handler installed for any of it.  Because
 * of lock prefix guarantees, we're in for some extra clutter when this
 * happens.
 *
 * This may raise a \#GP, \#SS, \#PF or \#AC.
 *
 * @returns Pointer to the mapped memory.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbMem               The number of bytes to map.  This is usually 1,
 *                              2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 32 or 512.  When used by
 *                              string operations it can be up to a page.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 *                              Use UINT8_MAX to indicate that no segmentation
 *                              is required (for IDT, GDT and LDT accesses).
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   fAccess             How the memory is being accessed.  The
 *                              IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_XXX bit is used to figure out
 *                              how to map the memory, while the
 *                              IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_XXX bit is used when raising
 *                              exceptions.
 */
IEM_STATIC void *iemMemMapJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, size_t cbMem, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    /*
     * Check the input and figure out which mapping entry to use.
     */
    Assert(cbMem <= 64 || cbMem == 512 || cbMem == 108 || cbMem == 104 || cbMem == 94); /* 512 is the max! */
    Assert(~(fAccess & ~(IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_MASK | IEM_ACCESS_WHAT_MASK)));
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings < RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings));

    unsigned iMemMap = pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping;
    if (   iMemMap >= RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings)
        || pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess != IEM_ACCESS_INVALID)
    {
        iMemMap = iemMemMapFindFree(pVCpu);
        AssertLogRelMsgStmt(iMemMap < RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings),
                            ("active=%d fAccess[0] = {%#x, %#x, %#x}\n", pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings,
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess,
                             pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess),
                            longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VERR_IEM_IPE_9));
    }

    /*
     * Map the memory, checking that we can actually access it.  If something
     * slightly complicated happens, fall back on bounce buffering.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemApplySegment(pVCpu, fAccess, iSegReg, cbMem, &GCPtrMem);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS) { /*likely*/ }
    else longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));

    /* Crossing a page boundary? */
    if ((GCPtrMem & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK) + cbMem <= GUEST_PAGE_SIZE)
    { /* No (likely). */ }
    else
    {
        void *pvMem;
        rcStrict = iemMemBounceBufferMapCrossPage(pVCpu, iMemMap, &pvMem, cbMem, GCPtrMem, fAccess);
        if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            return pvMem;
        longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
    }

    RTGCPHYS GCPhysFirst;
    rcStrict = iemMemPageTranslateAndCheckAccess(pVCpu, GCPtrMem, fAccess, &GCPhysFirst);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS) { /*likely*/ }
    else longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));

    if (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
        Log8(("IEM WR %RGv (%RGp) LB %#zx\n", GCPtrMem, GCPhysFirst, cbMem));
    if (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_READ)
        Log9(("IEM RD %RGv (%RGp) LB %#zx\n", GCPtrMem, GCPhysFirst, cbMem));

    void *pvMem;
    rcStrict = iemMemPageMap(pVCpu, GCPhysFirst, fAccess, &pvMem, &pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappingLocks[iMemMap].Lock);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    { /* likely */ }
    else
    {
        rcStrict = iemMemBounceBufferMapPhys(pVCpu, iMemMap, &pvMem, cbMem, GCPhysFirst, fAccess, rcStrict);
        if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            return pvMem;
        longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
    }

    /*
     * Fill in the mapping table entry.
     */
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].pv      = pvMem;
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess = fAccess;
    pVCpu->iem.s.iNextMapping = iMemMap + 1;
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings++;

    iemMemUpdateWrittenCounter(pVCpu, fAccess, cbMem);
    return pvMem;
}


/**
 * Commits the guest memory if bounce buffered and unmaps it, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pvMem               The mapping.
 * @param   fAccess             The kind of access.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void *pvMem, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    int iMemMap = iemMapLookup(pVCpu, pvMem, fAccess);
    AssertStmt(iMemMap >= 0, longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), iMemMap));

    /* If it's bounce buffered, we may need to write back the buffer. */
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_BOUNCE_BUFFERED)
    {
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
        {
            VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, iMemMap, false /*fPostponeFail*/);
            if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                return;
            longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
        }
    }
    /* Otherwise unlock it. */
    else
        PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), &pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappingLocks[iMemMap].Lock);

    /* Free the entry. */
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_INVALID;
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings != 0);
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings--;
}

#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

#ifndef IN_RING3
/**
 * Commits the guest memory if bounce buffered and unmaps it, if any bounce
 * buffer part shows trouble it will be postponed to ring-3 (sets FF and stuff).
 *
 * Allows the instruction to be completed and retired, while the IEM user will
 * return to ring-3 immediately afterwards and do the postponed writes there.
 *
 * @returns VBox status code (no strict statuses).  Caller must check
 *          VMCPU_FF_IEM before repeating string instructions and similar stuff.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pvMem               The mapping.
 * @param   fAccess             The kind of access.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemCommitAndUnmapPostponeTroubleToR3(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void *pvMem, uint32_t fAccess)
{
    int iMemMap = iemMapLookup(pVCpu, pvMem, fAccess);
    AssertReturn(iMemMap >= 0, iMemMap);

    /* If it's bounce buffered, we may need to write back the buffer. */
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_BOUNCE_BUFFERED)
    {
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
            return iemMemBounceBufferCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, iMemMap, true /*fPostponeFail*/);
    }
    /* Otherwise unlock it. */
    else
        PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), &pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappingLocks[iMemMap].Lock);

    /* Free the entry. */
    pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_INVALID;
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings != 0);
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings--;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}
#endif


/**
 * Rollbacks mappings, releasing page locks and such.
 *
 * The caller shall only call this after checking cActiveMappings.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code to pass up.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemRollback(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0);

    uint32_t iMemMap = RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings);
    while (iMemMap-- > 0)
    {
        uint32_t const fAccess = pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess;
        if (fAccess != IEM_ACCESS_INVALID)
        {
            AssertMsg(!(fAccess & ~IEM_ACCESS_VALID_MASK) && fAccess != 0, ("%#x\n", fAccess));
            pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_INVALID;
            if (!(fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_BOUNCE_BUFFERED))
                PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM), &pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappingLocks[iMemMap].Lock);
            AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0,
                      ("iMemMap=%u fAccess=%#x pv=%p GCPhysFirst=%RGp GCPhysSecond=%RGp\n",
                       iMemMap, fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].pv,
                       pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond));
            pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings--;
        }
    }
}


/**
 * Fetches a data byte.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu8Dst              Where to return the byte.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t *pu8Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint8_t const *pu8Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu8Src, sizeof(*pu8Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu8Dst = *pu8Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu8Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data byte, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The byte.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint8_t) iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint8_t const *pu8Src = (uint8_t const *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu8Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    uint8_t const  bRet   = *pu8Src;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu8Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    return bRet;
}
#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */


/**
 * Fetches a data word.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu16Dst             Where to return the word.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pu16Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint16_t const *pu16Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu16Src, sizeof(*pu16Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu16Dst = *pu16Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu16Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data word, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The word
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint16_t) iemMemFetchDataU16Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint16_t const *pu16Src = (uint16_t const *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu16Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    uint16_t const u16Ret = *pu16Src;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu16Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    return u16Ret;
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data dword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32Dst             Where to return the dword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint32_t const *pu32Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32Src, sizeof(*pu32Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu32Dst = *pu32Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu32Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Fetches a data dword and zero extends it to a qword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64Dst             Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU32_ZX_U64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint32_t const *pu32Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32Src, sizeof(*pu32Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Dst = *pu32Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu32Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP

IEM_STATIC RTGCPTR iemMemApplySegmentToReadJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, size_t cbMem, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    Assert(cbMem >= 1);
    Assert(iSegReg < X86_SREG_COUNT);

    /*
     * 64-bit mode is simpler.
     */
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        if (iSegReg >= X86_SREG_FS)
        {
            IEM_CTX_IMPORT_JMP(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
            PCPUMSELREGHID pSel = iemSRegGetHid(pVCpu, iSegReg);
            GCPtrMem += pSel->u64Base;
        }

        if (RT_LIKELY(X86_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrMem) && X86_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrMem + cbMem - 1)))
            return GCPtrMem;
    }
    /*
     * 16-bit and 32-bit segmentation.
     */
    else
    {
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_JMP(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
        PCPUMSELREGHID pSel = iemSRegGetHid(pVCpu, iSegReg);
        if (      (pSel->Attr.u & (X86DESCATTR_P | X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE | X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_DOWN))
               == X86DESCATTR_P /* data, expand up */
            ||    (pSel->Attr.u & (X86DESCATTR_P | X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE | X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_READ))
               == (X86DESCATTR_P | X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_READ) /* code, read-only */ )
        {
            /* expand up */
            uint32_t GCPtrLast32 = (uint32_t)GCPtrMem + (uint32_t)cbMem;
            if (RT_LIKELY(   GCPtrLast32 > pSel->u32Limit
                          && GCPtrLast32 > (uint32_t)GCPtrMem))
                return (uint32_t)GCPtrMem + (uint32_t)pSel->u64Base;
        }
        else if (   (pSel->Attr.u & (X86DESCATTR_P | X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE | X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_DOWN))
                 == (X86DESCATTR_P | X86_SEL_TYPE_DOWN) /* data, expand down */ )
        {
            /* expand down */
            uint32_t GCPtrLast32 = (uint32_t)GCPtrMem + (uint32_t)cbMem;
            if (RT_LIKELY(   (uint32_t)GCPtrMem >  pSel->u32Limit
                          && GCPtrLast32        <= (pSel->Attr.n.u1DefBig ? UINT32_MAX : UINT32_C(0xffff))
                          && GCPtrLast32 > (uint32_t)GCPtrMem))
                return (uint32_t)GCPtrMem + (uint32_t)pSel->u64Base;
        }
        else
            iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccessJmp(pVCpu, iSegReg, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
        iemRaiseSelectorBoundsJmp(pVCpu, iSegReg, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0Jmp(pVCpu);
}


IEM_STATIC RTGCPTR iemMemApplySegmentToWriteJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, size_t cbMem, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    Assert(cbMem >= 1);
    Assert(iSegReg < X86_SREG_COUNT);

    /*
     * 64-bit mode is simpler.
     */
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        if (iSegReg >= X86_SREG_FS)
        {
            IEM_CTX_IMPORT_JMP(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
            PCPUMSELREGHID pSel = iemSRegGetHid(pVCpu, iSegReg);
            GCPtrMem += pSel->u64Base;
        }

        if (RT_LIKELY(X86_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrMem) && X86_IS_CANONICAL(GCPtrMem + cbMem - 1)))
            return GCPtrMem;
    }
    /*
     * 16-bit and 32-bit segmentation.
     */
    else
    {
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_JMP(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(iSegReg));
        PCPUMSELREGHID pSel           = iemSRegGetHid(pVCpu, iSegReg);
        uint32_t const fRelevantAttrs = pSel->Attr.u & (  X86DESCATTR_P     | X86DESCATTR_UNUSABLE
                                                        | X86_SEL_TYPE_CODE | X86_SEL_TYPE_WRITE | X86_SEL_TYPE_DOWN);
        if (fRelevantAttrs == (X86DESCATTR_P | X86_SEL_TYPE_WRITE)) /* data, expand up */
        {
            /* expand up */
            uint32_t GCPtrLast32 = (uint32_t)GCPtrMem + (uint32_t)cbMem;
            if (RT_LIKELY(   GCPtrLast32 > pSel->u32Limit
                          && GCPtrLast32 > (uint32_t)GCPtrMem))
                return (uint32_t)GCPtrMem + (uint32_t)pSel->u64Base;
        }
        else if (fRelevantAttrs == (X86DESCATTR_P | X86_SEL_TYPE_WRITE | X86_SEL_TYPE_DOWN)) /* data, expand up */
        {
            /* expand down */
            uint32_t GCPtrLast32 = (uint32_t)GCPtrMem + (uint32_t)cbMem;
            if (RT_LIKELY(   (uint32_t)GCPtrMem >  pSel->u32Limit
                          && GCPtrLast32        <= (pSel->Attr.n.u1DefBig ? UINT32_MAX : UINT32_C(0xffff))
                          && GCPtrLast32 > (uint32_t)GCPtrMem))
                return (uint32_t)GCPtrMem + (uint32_t)pSel->u64Base;
        }
        else
            iemRaiseSelectorInvalidAccessJmp(pVCpu, iSegReg, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
        iemRaiseSelectorBoundsJmp(pVCpu, iSegReg, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0Jmp(pVCpu);
}


/**
 * Fetches a data dword, longjmp on error, fallback/safe version.
 *
 * @returns The dword
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC uint32_t iemMemFetchDataU32SafeJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    uint32_t const *pu32Src = (uint32_t const *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu32Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    uint32_t const  u32Ret  = *pu32Src;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu32Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    return u32Ret;
}


/**
 * Fetches a data dword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The dword
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint32_t) iemMemFetchDataU32Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
# ifdef IEM_WITH_DATA_TLB
    RTGCPTR GCPtrEff = iemMemApplySegmentToReadJmp(pVCpu, iSegReg, sizeof(uint32_t), GCPtrMem);
    if (RT_LIKELY((GCPtrEff & X86_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK) <= X86_PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(uint32_t)))
    {
        /// @todo more later.
    }

    return iemMemFetchDataU32SafeJmp(pVCpu, iSegReg, GCPtrMem);
# else
    /* The lazy approach. */
    uint32_t const *pu32Src = (uint32_t const *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu32Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    uint32_t const  u32Ret  = *pu32Src;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu32Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    return u32Ret;
# endif
}
#endif


#ifdef SOME_UNUSED_FUNCTION
/**
 * Fetches a data dword and sign extends it to a qword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64Dst             Where to return the sign extended value.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataS32SxU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    int32_t const *pi32Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pi32Src, sizeof(*pi32Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Dst = *pi32Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pi32Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
#ifdef __GNUC__ /* warning: GCC may be a royal pain */
    else
        *pu64Dst = 0;
#endif
    return rc;
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data qword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64Dst             Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint64_t const *pu64Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu64Src, sizeof(*pu64Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Dst = *pu64Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu64Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data qword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The qword.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint64_t) iemMemFetchDataU64Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint64_t const *pu64Src = (uint64_t const *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu64Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    uint64_t const u64Ret = *pu64Src;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu64Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    return u64Ret;
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data qword, aligned at a 16 byte boundrary (for SSE).
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64Dst             Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU64AlignedU128(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    /** @todo testcase: Ordering of \#SS(0) vs \#GP() vs \#PF on SSE stuff. */
    if (RT_UNLIKELY(GCPtrMem & 15))
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);

    uint64_t const *pu64Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu64Src, sizeof(*pu64Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Dst = *pu64Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu64Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data qword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @returns The qword.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, uint64_t) iemMemFetchDataU64AlignedU128Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    /** @todo testcase: Ordering of \#SS(0) vs \#GP() vs \#PF on SSE stuff. */
    if (RT_LIKELY(!(GCPtrMem & 15)))
    {
        uint64_t const *pu64Src = (uint64_t const *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu64Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
        uint64_t const u64Ret = *pu64Src;
        iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu64Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
        return u64Ret;
    }

    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rc));
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data tword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pr80Dst             Where to return the tword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataR80(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTFLOAT80U pr80Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PCRTFLOAT80U pr80Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pr80Src, sizeof(*pr80Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pr80Dst = *pr80Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pr80Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data tword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pr80Dst             Where to return the tword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void) iemMemFetchDataR80Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTFLOAT80U pr80Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PCRTFLOAT80U pr80Src = (PCRTFLOAT80U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pr80Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    *pr80Dst = *pr80Src;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pr80Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data tword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pd80Dst             Where to return the tword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataD80(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTPBCD80U pd80Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PCRTPBCD80U pd80Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pd80Src, sizeof(*pd80Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pd80Dst = *pd80Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pd80Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data tword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pd80Dst             Where to return the tword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void) iemMemFetchDataD80Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTPBCD80U pd80Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PCRTPBCD80U pd80Src = (PCRTPBCD80U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pd80Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    *pd80Dst = *pd80Src;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pd80Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data dqword (double qword), generally SSE related.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu128Dst            Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU128(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTUINT128U pu128Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PCRTUINT128U pu128Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu128Src, sizeof(*pu128Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pu128Dst->au64[0] = pu128Src->au64[0];
        pu128Dst->au64[1] = pu128Src->au64[1];
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu128Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data dqword (double qword), generally SSE related.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu128Dst            Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemFetchDataU128Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTUINT128U pu128Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PCRTUINT128U pu128Src = (PCRTUINT128U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu128Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    pu128Dst->au64[0] = pu128Src->au64[0];
    pu128Dst->au64[1] = pu128Src->au64[1];
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu128Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data dqword (double qword) at an aligned address, generally SSE
 * related.
 *
 * Raises \#GP(0) if not aligned.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu128Dst            Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU128AlignedSse(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTUINT128U pu128Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    /** @todo testcase: Ordering of \#SS(0) vs \#GP() vs \#PF on SSE stuff. */
    if (   (GCPtrMem & 15)
        && !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.MXCSR & X86_MXCSR_MM)) /** @todo should probably check this *after* applying seg.u64Base... Check real HW. */
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);

    PCRTUINT128U pu128Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu128Src, sizeof(*pu128Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pu128Dst->au64[0] = pu128Src->au64[0];
        pu128Dst->au64[1] = pu128Src->au64[1];
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu128Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data dqword (double qword) at an aligned address, generally SSE
 * related, longjmp on error.
 *
 * Raises \#GP(0) if not aligned.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu128Dst            Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void) iemMemFetchDataU128AlignedSseJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTUINT128U pu128Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    /** @todo testcase: Ordering of \#SS(0) vs \#GP() vs \#PF on SSE stuff. */
    if (   (GCPtrMem & 15) == 0
        || (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.MXCSR & X86_MXCSR_MM)) /** @todo should probably check this *after* applying seg.u64Base... Check real HW. */
    {
        PCRTUINT128U pu128Src = (PCRTUINT128U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu128Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
        pu128Dst->au64[0] = pu128Src->au64[0];
        pu128Dst->au64[1] = pu128Src->au64[1];
        iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu128Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
        return;
    }

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data oword (octo word), generally AVX related.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu256Dst            Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU256(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTUINT256U pu256Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PCRTUINT256U pu256Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu256Src, sizeof(*pu256Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pu256Dst->au64[0] = pu256Src->au64[0];
        pu256Dst->au64[1] = pu256Src->au64[1];
        pu256Dst->au64[2] = pu256Src->au64[2];
        pu256Dst->au64[3] = pu256Src->au64[3];
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu256Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data oword (octo word), generally AVX related.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu256Dst            Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemFetchDataU256Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTUINT256U pu256Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PCRTUINT256U pu256Src = (PCRTUINT256U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu256Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    pu256Dst->au64[0] = pu256Src->au64[0];
    pu256Dst->au64[1] = pu256Src->au64[1];
    pu256Dst->au64[2] = pu256Src->au64[2];
    pu256Dst->au64[3] = pu256Src->au64[3];
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu256Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
}
#endif


/**
 * Fetches a data oword (octo word) at an aligned address, generally AVX
 * related.
 *
 * Raises \#GP(0) if not aligned.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu256Dst            Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataU256AlignedSse(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTUINT256U pu256Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    /** @todo testcase: Ordering of \#SS(0) vs \#GP() vs \#PF on AVX stuff. */
    if (GCPtrMem & 31)
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);

    PCRTUINT256U pu256Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu256Src, sizeof(*pu256Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pu256Dst->au64[0] = pu256Src->au64[0];
        pu256Dst->au64[1] = pu256Src->au64[1];
        pu256Dst->au64[2] = pu256Src->au64[2];
        pu256Dst->au64[3] = pu256Src->au64[3];
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu256Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Fetches a data oword (octo word) at an aligned address, generally AVX
 * related, longjmp on error.
 *
 * Raises \#GP(0) if not aligned.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu256Dst            Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void) iemMemFetchDataU256AlignedSseJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PRTUINT256U pu256Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    /** @todo testcase: Ordering of \#SS(0) vs \#GP() vs \#PF on AVX stuff. */
    if ((GCPtrMem & 31) == 0)
    {
        PCRTUINT256U pu256Src = (PCRTUINT256U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu256Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
        pu256Dst->au64[0] = pu256Src->au64[0];
        pu256Dst->au64[1] = pu256Src->au64[1];
        pu256Dst->au64[2] = pu256Src->au64[2];
        pu256Dst->au64[3] = pu256Src->au64[3];
        iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, (void *)pu256Src, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R);
        return;
    }

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
}
#endif



/**
 * Fetches a descriptor register (lgdt, lidt).
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pcbLimit            Where to return the limit.
 * @param   pGCPtrBase          Where to return the base.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   enmOpSize           The effective operand size.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchDataXdtr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pcbLimit, PRTGCPTR pGCPtrBase, uint8_t iSegReg,
                                            RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, IEMMODE enmOpSize)
{
    /*
     * Just like SIDT and SGDT, the LIDT and LGDT instructions are a
     * little special:
     *      - The two reads are done separately.
     *      - Operand size override works in 16-bit and 32-bit code, but 64-bit.
     *      - We suspect the 386 to actually commit the limit before the base in
     *        some cases (search for 386 in  bs3CpuBasic2_lidt_lgdt_One).  We
     *        don't try emulate this eccentric behavior, because it's not well
     *        enough understood and rather hard to trigger.
     *      - The 486 seems to do a dword limit read when the operand size is 32-bit.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, pcbLimit, iSegReg, GCPtrMem);
        if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU64(pVCpu, pGCPtrBase, iSegReg, GCPtrMem + 2);
    }
    else
    {
        uint32_t uTmp = 0; /* (Visual C++ maybe used uninitialized) */
        if (enmOpSize == IEMMODE_32BIT)
        {
            if (IEM_GET_TARGET_CPU(pVCpu) != IEMTARGETCPU_486)
            {
                rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, pcbLimit, iSegReg, GCPtrMem);
                if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                    rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &uTmp, iSegReg, GCPtrMem + 2);
            }
            else
            {
                rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &uTmp, iSegReg, GCPtrMem);
                if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                {
                    *pcbLimit = (uint16_t)uTmp;
                    rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &uTmp, iSegReg, GCPtrMem + 2);
                }
            }
            if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                *pGCPtrBase = uTmp;
        }
        else
        {
            rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, pcbLimit, iSegReg, GCPtrMem);
            if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            {
                rcStrict = iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &uTmp, iSegReg, GCPtrMem + 2);
                if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                    *pGCPtrBase = uTmp & UINT32_C(0x00ffffff);
            }
        }
    }
    return rcStrict;
}



/**
 * Stores a data byte.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u8Value             The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStoreDataU8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint8_t u8Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint8_t *pu8Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu8Dst, sizeof(*pu8Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu8Dst = u8Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu8Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Stores a data byte, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u8Value             The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemStoreDataU8Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint8_t u8Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint8_t *pu8Dst = (uint8_t *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu8Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    *pu8Dst = u8Value;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, pu8Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
}
#endif


/**
 * Stores a data word.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u16Value            The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStoreDataU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint16_t u16Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint16_t *pu16Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu16Dst, sizeof(*pu16Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu16Dst = u16Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu16Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Stores a data word, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u16Value            The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemStoreDataU16Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint16_t u16Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint16_t *pu16Dst = (uint16_t *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu16Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    *pu16Dst = u16Value;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, pu16Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
}
#endif


/**
 * Stores a data dword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u32Value            The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStoreDataU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint32_t u32Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint32_t *pu32Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32Dst, sizeof(*pu32Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu32Dst = u32Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu32Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Stores a data dword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u32Value            The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemStoreDataU32Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint32_t u32Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint32_t *pu32Dst = (uint32_t *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu32Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    *pu32Dst = u32Value;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, pu32Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
}
#endif


/**
 * Stores a data qword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u64Value            The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStoreDataU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint64_t u64Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint64_t *pu64Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu64Dst, sizeof(*pu64Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Dst = u64Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu64Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Stores a data qword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u64Value            The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemStoreDataU64Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, uint64_t u64Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint64_t *pu64Dst = (uint64_t *)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu64Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    *pu64Dst = u64Value;
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, pu64Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
}
#endif


/**
 * Stores a data dqword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u128Value            The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStoreDataU128(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, RTUINT128U u128Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PRTUINT128U pu128Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu128Dst, sizeof(*pu128Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pu128Dst->au64[0] = u128Value.au64[0];
        pu128Dst->au64[1] = u128Value.au64[1];
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu128Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Stores a data dqword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u128Value            The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemStoreDataU128Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, RTUINT128U u128Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PRTUINT128U pu128Dst = (PRTUINT128U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu128Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    pu128Dst->au64[0] = u128Value.au64[0];
    pu128Dst->au64[1] = u128Value.au64[1];
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, pu128Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
}
#endif


/**
 * Stores a data dqword, SSE aligned.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u128Value           The value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStoreDataU128AlignedSse(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, RTUINT128U u128Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    if (   (GCPtrMem & 15)
        && !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.MXCSR & X86_MXCSR_MM)) /** @todo should probably check this *after* applying seg.u64Base... Check real HW. */
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);

    PRTUINT128U pu128Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu128Dst, sizeof(*pu128Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pu128Dst->au64[0] = u128Value.au64[0];
        pu128Dst->au64[1] = u128Value.au64[1];
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu128Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Stores a data dqword, SSE aligned.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   u128Value           The value to store.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void)
iemMemStoreDataU128AlignedSseJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, RTUINT128U u128Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    if (   (GCPtrMem & 15) == 0
        || (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.MXCSR & X86_MXCSR_MM)) /** @todo should probably check this *after* applying seg.u64Base... Check real HW. */
    {
        PRTUINT128U pu128Dst = (PRTUINT128U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu128Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
        pu128Dst->au64[0] = u128Value.au64[0];
        pu128Dst->au64[1] = u128Value.au64[1];
        iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, pu128Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
        return;
    }

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
}
#endif


/**
 * Stores a data dqword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   pu256Value          Pointer to the value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStoreDataU256(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, PCRTUINT256U pu256Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PRTUINT256U pu256Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu256Dst, sizeof(*pu256Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pu256Dst->au64[0] = pu256Value->au64[0];
        pu256Dst->au64[1] = pu256Value->au64[1];
        pu256Dst->au64[2] = pu256Value->au64[2];
        pu256Dst->au64[3] = pu256Value->au64[3];
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu256Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Stores a data dqword, longjmp on error.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   pu256Value          Pointer to the value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemStoreDataU256Jmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, PCRTUINT256U pu256Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    PRTUINT256U pu256Dst = (PRTUINT256U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu256Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    pu256Dst->au64[0] = pu256Value->au64[0];
    pu256Dst->au64[1] = pu256Value->au64[1];
    pu256Dst->au64[2] = pu256Value->au64[2];
    pu256Dst->au64[3] = pu256Value->au64[3];
    iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, pu256Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
}
#endif


/**
 * Stores a data dqword, AVX aligned.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   pu256Value          Pointer to the value to store.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStoreDataU256AlignedAvx(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, PCRTUINT256U pu256Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    if (GCPtrMem & 31)
        return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);

    PRTUINT256U pu256Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu256Dst, sizeof(*pu256Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pu256Dst->au64[0] = pu256Value->au64[0];
        pu256Dst->au64[1] = pu256Value->au64[1];
        pu256Dst->au64[2] = pu256Value->au64[2];
        pu256Dst->au64[3] = pu256Value->au64[3];
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu256Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
    }
    return rc;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Stores a data dqword, AVX aligned.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 * @param   pu256Value          Pointer to the value to store.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(IEM_STATIC, void)
iemMemStoreDataU256AlignedAvxJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem, PCRTUINT256U pu256Value)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    if ((GCPtrMem & 31) == 0)
    {
        PRTUINT256U pu256Dst = (PRTUINT256U)iemMemMapJmp(pVCpu, sizeof(*pu256Dst), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
        pu256Dst->au64[0] = pu256Value->au64[0];
        pu256Dst->au64[1] = pu256Value->au64[1];
        pu256Dst->au64[2] = pu256Value->au64[2];
        pu256Dst->au64[3] = pu256Value->au64[3];
        iemMemCommitAndUnmapJmp(pVCpu, pu256Dst, IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W);
        return;
    }

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu);
    longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict));
}
#endif


/**
 * Stores a descriptor register (sgdt, sidt).
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbLimit             The limit.
 * @param   GCPtrBase           The base address.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemMemStoreDataXdtr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t cbLimit, RTGCPTR GCPtrBase, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /*
     * The SIDT and SGDT instructions actually stores the data using two
     * independent writes.  The instructions does not respond to opsize prefixes.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemStoreDataU16(pVCpu, iSegReg, GCPtrMem, cbLimit);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_16BIT)
            rcStrict = iemMemStoreDataU32(pVCpu, iSegReg, GCPtrMem + 2,
                                          IEM_GET_TARGET_CPU(pVCpu) <= IEMTARGETCPU_286
                                          ? (uint32_t)GCPtrBase | UINT32_C(0xff000000) : (uint32_t)GCPtrBase);
        else if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_32BIT)
            rcStrict = iemMemStoreDataU32(pVCpu, iSegReg, GCPtrMem + 2, (uint32_t)GCPtrBase);
        else
            rcStrict = iemMemStoreDataU64(pVCpu, iSegReg, GCPtrMem + 2, GCPtrBase);
    }
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Pushes a word onto the stack.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u16Value            The value to push.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t u16Value)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    uint64_t    uNewRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPush(pVCpu, 2, &uNewRsp);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint16_t *pu16Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu16Dst, sizeof(*pu16Dst), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu16Dst = u16Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu16Dst, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    }

    /* Commit the new RSP value unless we an access handler made trouble. */
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pushes a dword onto the stack.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u32Value            The value to push.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t u32Value)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    uint64_t    uNewRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPush(pVCpu, 4, &uNewRsp);

    /* Write the dword the lazy way. */
    uint32_t *pu32Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32Dst, sizeof(*pu32Dst), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu32Dst = u32Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu32Dst, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    }

    /* Commit the new RSP value unless we an access handler made trouble. */
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pushes a dword segment register value onto the stack.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u32Value            The value to push.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushU32SReg(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t u32Value)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    uint64_t    uNewRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPush(pVCpu, 4, &uNewRsp);

    /* The intel docs talks about zero extending the selector register
       value.  My actual intel CPU here might be zero extending the value
       but it still only writes the lower word... */
    /** @todo Test this on new HW and on AMD and in 64-bit mode.  Also test what
     * happens when crossing an electric page boundrary, is the high word checked
     * for write accessibility or not? Probably it is.  What about segment limits?
     * It appears this behavior is also shared with trap error codes.
     *
     * Docs indicate the behavior changed maybe in Pentium or Pentium Pro. Check
     * ancient hardware when it actually did change. */
    uint16_t *pu16Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu16Dst, sizeof(uint32_t), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_RW);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu16Dst = (uint16_t)u32Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu16Dst, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_RW);
    }

    /* Commit the new RSP value unless we an access handler made trouble. */
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pushes a qword onto the stack.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u64Value            The value to push.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t u64Value)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    uint64_t    uNewRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPush(pVCpu, 8, &uNewRsp);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint64_t *pu64Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu64Dst, sizeof(*pu64Dst), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Dst = u64Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu64Dst, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    }

    /* Commit the new RSP value unless we an access handler made trouble. */
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pops a word from the stack.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu16Value           Where to store the popped value.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pu16Value)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    uint64_t    uNewRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPop(pVCpu, 2, &uNewRsp);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint16_t const *pu16Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu16Src, sizeof(*pu16Src), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu16Value = *pu16Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu16Src, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);

        /* Commit the new RSP value. */
        if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;
    }

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pops a dword from the stack.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32Value           Where to store the popped value.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32Value)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    uint64_t    uNewRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPop(pVCpu, 4, &uNewRsp);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint32_t const *pu32Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32Src, sizeof(*pu32Src), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu32Value = *pu32Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu32Src, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);

        /* Commit the new RSP value. */
        if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;
    }

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pops a qword from the stack.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64Value           Where to store the popped value.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Value)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    uint64_t    uNewRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPop(pVCpu, 8, &uNewRsp);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint64_t const *pu64Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu64Src, sizeof(*pu64Src), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Value = *pu64Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu64Src, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);

        /* Commit the new RSP value. */
        if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;
    }

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pushes a word onto the stack, using a temporary stack pointer.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u16Value            The value to push.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             Pointer to the temporary stack pointer.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushU16Ex(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t u16Value, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    RTUINT64U   NewRsp = *pTmpRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPushEx(pVCpu, &NewRsp, 2);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint16_t *pu16Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu16Dst, sizeof(*pu16Dst), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu16Dst = u16Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu16Dst, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    }

    /* Commit the new RSP value unless we an access handler made trouble. */
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
        *pTmpRsp = NewRsp;

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pushes a dword onto the stack, using a temporary stack pointer.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u32Value            The value to push.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             Pointer to the temporary stack pointer.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushU32Ex(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t u32Value, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    RTUINT64U   NewRsp = *pTmpRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPushEx(pVCpu, &NewRsp, 4);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint32_t *pu32Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32Dst, sizeof(*pu32Dst), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu32Dst = u32Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu32Dst, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    }

    /* Commit the new RSP value unless we an access handler made trouble. */
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
        *pTmpRsp = NewRsp;

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pushes a dword onto the stack, using a temporary stack pointer.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   u64Value            The value to push.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             Pointer to the temporary stack pointer.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushU64Ex(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t u64Value, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    RTUINT64U   NewRsp = *pTmpRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPushEx(pVCpu, &NewRsp, 8);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint64_t *pu64Dst;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu64Dst, sizeof(*pu64Dst), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Dst = u64Value;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pu64Dst, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    }

    /* Commit the new RSP value unless we an access handler made trouble. */
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
        *pTmpRsp = NewRsp;

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pops a word from the stack, using a temporary stack pointer.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu16Value           Where to store the popped value.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             Pointer to the temporary stack pointer.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopU16Ex(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pu16Value, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    RTUINT64U   NewRsp = *pTmpRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPopEx(pVCpu, &NewRsp, 2);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint16_t const *pu16Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu16Src, sizeof(*pu16Src), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu16Value = *pu16Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu16Src, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);

        /* Commit the new RSP value. */
        if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
            *pTmpRsp = NewRsp;
    }

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pops a dword from the stack, using a temporary stack pointer.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32Value           Where to store the popped value.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             Pointer to the temporary stack pointer.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopU32Ex(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32Value, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    RTUINT64U   NewRsp = *pTmpRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPopEx(pVCpu, &NewRsp, 4);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint32_t const *pu32Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32Src, sizeof(*pu32Src), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu32Value = *pu32Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu32Src, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);

        /* Commit the new RSP value. */
        if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
            *pTmpRsp = NewRsp;
    }

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Pops a qword from the stack, using a temporary stack pointer.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64Value           Where to store the popped value.
 * @param   pTmpRsp             Pointer to the temporary stack pointer.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopU64Ex(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Value, PRTUINT64U pTmpRsp)
{
    /* Increment the stack pointer. */
    RTUINT64U   NewRsp = *pTmpRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPopEx(pVCpu, &NewRsp, 8);

    /* Write the word the lazy way. */
    uint64_t const *pu64Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu64Src, sizeof(*pu64Src), X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Value = *pu64Src;
        rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu64Src, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);

        /* Commit the new RSP value. */
        if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            *pTmpRsp = NewRsp;
    }

    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Begin a special stack push (used by interrupt, exceptions and such).
 *
 * This will raise \#SS or \#PF if appropriate.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbMem               The number of bytes to push onto the stack.
 * @param   ppvMem              Where to return the pointer to the stack memory.
 *                              As with the other memory functions this could be
 *                              direct access or bounce buffered access, so
 *                              don't commit register until the commit call
 *                              succeeds.
 * @param   puNewRsp            Where to return the new RSP value.  This must be
 *                              passed unchanged to
 *                              iemMemStackPushCommitSpecial().
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushBeginSpecial(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, size_t cbMem, void **ppvMem, uint64_t *puNewRsp)
{
    Assert(cbMem < UINT8_MAX);
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPush(pVCpu, (uint8_t)cbMem, puNewRsp);
    return iemMemMap(pVCpu, ppvMem, cbMem, X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
}


/**
 * Commits a special stack push (started by iemMemStackPushBeginSpecial).
 *
 * This will update the rSP.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pvMem               The pointer returned by
 *                              iemMemStackPushBeginSpecial().
 * @param   uNewRsp             The new RSP value returned by
 *                              iemMemStackPushBeginSpecial().
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPushCommitSpecial(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void *pvMem, uint64_t uNewRsp)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, pvMem, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_W);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp = uNewRsp;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Begin a special stack pop (used by iret, retf and such).
 *
 * This will raise \#SS or \#PF if appropriate.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbMem               The number of bytes to pop from the stack.
 * @param   ppvMem              Where to return the pointer to the stack memory.
 * @param   puNewRsp            Where to return the new RSP value.  This must be
 *                              assigned to CPUMCTX::rsp manually some time
 *                              after iemMemStackPopDoneSpecial() has been
 *                              called.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopBeginSpecial(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, size_t cbMem, void const **ppvMem, uint64_t *puNewRsp)
{
    Assert(cbMem < UINT8_MAX);
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPop(pVCpu, (uint8_t)cbMem, puNewRsp);
    return iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)ppvMem, cbMem, X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
}


/**
 * Continue a special stack pop (used by iret and retf).
 *
 * This will raise \#SS or \#PF if appropriate.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   cbMem               The number of bytes to pop from the stack.
 * @param   ppvMem              Where to return the pointer to the stack memory.
 * @param   puNewRsp            Where to return the new RSP value.  This must be
 *                              assigned to CPUMCTX::rsp manually some time
 *                              after iemMemStackPopDoneSpecial() has been
 *                              called.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopContinueSpecial(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, size_t cbMem, void const **ppvMem, uint64_t *puNewRsp)
{
    Assert(cbMem < UINT8_MAX);
    RTUINT64U   NewRsp;
    NewRsp.u = *puNewRsp;
    RTGCPTR     GCPtrTop = iemRegGetRspForPopEx(pVCpu, &NewRsp, 8);
    *puNewRsp = NewRsp.u;
    return iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)ppvMem, cbMem, X86_SREG_SS, GCPtrTop, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
}


/**
 * Done with a special stack pop (started by iemMemStackPopBeginSpecial or
 * iemMemStackPopContinueSpecial).
 *
 * The caller will manually commit the rSP.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pvMem               The pointer returned by
 *                              iemMemStackPopBeginSpecial() or
 *                              iemMemStackPopContinueSpecial().
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemStackPopDoneSpecial(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, void const *pvMem)
{
    return iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pvMem, IEM_ACCESS_STACK_R);
}


/**
 * Fetches a system table byte.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pbDst               Where to return the byte.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchSysU8(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t *pbDst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint8_t const *pbSrc;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pbSrc, sizeof(*pbSrc), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pbDst = *pbSrc;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pbSrc, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Fetches a system table word.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu16Dst             Where to return the word.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchSysU16(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t *pu16Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint16_t const *pu16Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu16Src, sizeof(*pu16Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu16Dst = *pu16Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu16Src, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Fetches a system table dword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu32Dst             Where to return the dword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchSysU32(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t *pu32Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint32_t const *pu32Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32Src, sizeof(*pu32Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu32Dst = *pu32Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu32Src, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Fetches a system table qword.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pu64Dst             Where to return the qword.
 * @param   iSegReg             The index of the segment register to use for
 *                              this access.  The base and limits are checked.
 * @param   GCPtrMem            The address of the guest memory.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchSysU64(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t *pu64Dst, uint8_t iSegReg, RTGCPTR GCPtrMem)
{
    /* The lazy approach for now... */
    uint64_t const *pu64Src;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rc = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu64Src, sizeof(*pu64Src), iSegReg, GCPtrMem, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_R);
    if (rc == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        *pu64Dst = *pu64Src;
        rc = iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu64Src, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_R);
    }
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Fetches a descriptor table entry with caller specified error code.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pDesc               Where to return the descriptor table entry.
 * @param   uSel                The selector which table entry to fetch.
 * @param   uXcpt               The exception to raise on table lookup error.
 * @param   uErrorCode          The error code associated with the exception.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC
iemMemFetchSelDescWithErr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMSELDESC pDesc, uint16_t uSel, uint8_t uXcpt, uint16_t uErrorCode)
{
    AssertPtr(pDesc);
    IEM_CTX_IMPORT_RET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_GDTR | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_LDTR);

    /** @todo did the 286 require all 8 bytes to be accessible? */
    /*
     * Get the selector table base and check bounds.
     */
    RTGCPTR GCPtrBase;
    if (uSel & X86_SEL_LDT)
    {
        if (   !pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Attr.n.u1Present
            || (uSel | X86_SEL_RPL_LDT) > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.u32Limit )
        {
            Log(("iemMemFetchSelDesc: LDT selector %#x is out of bounds (%3x) or ldtr is NP (%#x)\n",
                 uSel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.u32Limit, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Sel));
            return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, uXcpt, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR,
                                     uErrorCode, 0);
        }

        Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.Attr.n.u1Present);
        GCPtrBase = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.u64Base;
    }
    else
    {
        if ((uSel | X86_SEL_RPL_LDT) > pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.cbGdt)
        {
            Log(("iemMemFetchSelDesc: GDT selector %#x is out of bounds (%3x)\n", uSel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.cbGdt));
            return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, uXcpt, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR,
                                     uErrorCode, 0);
        }
        GCPtrBase = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.pGdt;
    }

    /*
     * Read the legacy descriptor and maybe the long mode extensions if
     * required.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    if (IEM_GET_TARGET_CPU(pVCpu) > IEMTARGETCPU_286)
        rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU64(pVCpu, &pDesc->Legacy.u, UINT8_MAX, GCPtrBase + (uSel & X86_SEL_MASK));
    else
    {
        rcStrict     = iemMemFetchSysU16(pVCpu, &pDesc->Legacy.au16[0], UINT8_MAX, GCPtrBase + (uSel & X86_SEL_MASK) + 0);
        if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU16(pVCpu, &pDesc->Legacy.au16[1], UINT8_MAX, GCPtrBase + (uSel & X86_SEL_MASK) + 2);
        if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU16(pVCpu, &pDesc->Legacy.au16[2], UINT8_MAX, GCPtrBase + (uSel & X86_SEL_MASK) + 4);
        if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
            pDesc->Legacy.au16[3] = 0;
        else
            return rcStrict;
    }

    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        if (   !IEM_IS_LONG_MODE(pVCpu)
            || pDesc->Legacy.Gen.u1DescType)
            pDesc->Long.au64[1] = 0;
        else if ((uint32_t)(uSel | X86_SEL_RPL_LDT) + 8 <= (uSel & X86_SEL_LDT ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.u32Limit : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.cbGdt))
            rcStrict = iemMemFetchSysU64(pVCpu, &pDesc->Long.au64[1], UINT8_MAX, GCPtrBase + (uSel | X86_SEL_RPL_LDT) + 1);
        else
        {
            Log(("iemMemFetchSelDesc: system selector %#x is out of bounds\n", uSel));
            /** @todo is this the right exception? */
            return iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, 0, uXcpt, IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT | IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR, uErrorCode, 0);
        }
    }
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Fetches a descriptor table entry.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   pDesc               Where to return the descriptor table entry.
 * @param   uSel                The selector which table entry to fetch.
 * @param   uXcpt               The exception to raise on table lookup error.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemFetchSelDesc(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PIEMSELDESC pDesc, uint16_t uSel, uint8_t uXcpt)
{
    return iemMemFetchSelDescWithErr(pVCpu, pDesc, uSel, uXcpt, uSel & X86_SEL_MASK_OFF_RPL);
}


/**
 * Fakes a long mode stack selector for SS = 0.
 *
 * @param   pDescSs             Where to return the fake stack descriptor.
 * @param   uDpl                The DPL we want.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemMemFakeStackSelDesc(PIEMSELDESC pDescSs, uint32_t uDpl)
{
    pDescSs->Long.au64[0] = 0;
    pDescSs->Long.au64[1] = 0;
    pDescSs->Long.Gen.u4Type     = X86_SEL_TYPE_RW_ACC;
    pDescSs->Long.Gen.u1DescType = 1; /* 1 = code / data, 0 = system. */
    pDescSs->Long.Gen.u2Dpl      = uDpl;
    pDescSs->Long.Gen.u1Present  = 1;
    pDescSs->Long.Gen.u1Long     = 1;
}


/**
 * Marks the selector descriptor as accessed (only non-system descriptors).
 *
 * This function ASSUMES that iemMemFetchSelDesc has be called previously and
 * will therefore skip the limit checks.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   uSel                The selector.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemMemMarkSelDescAccessed(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint16_t uSel)
{
    /*
     * Get the selector table base and calculate the entry address.
     */
    RTGCPTR GCPtr = uSel & X86_SEL_LDT
                  ? pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ldtr.u64Base
                  : pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gdtr.pGdt;
    GCPtr += uSel & X86_SEL_MASK;

    /*
     * ASMAtomicBitSet will assert if the address is misaligned, so do some
     * ugly stuff to avoid this.  This will make sure it's an atomic access
     * as well more or less remove any question about 8-bit or 32-bit accesss.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC        rcStrict;
    uint32_t volatile  *pu32;
    if ((GCPtr & 3) == 0)
    {
        /* The normal case, map the 32-bit bits around the accessed bit (40). */
        GCPtr += 2 + 2;
        rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32, 4, UINT8_MAX, GCPtr, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        ASMAtomicBitSet(pu32, 8); /* X86_SEL_TYPE_ACCESSED is 1, but it is preceeded by u8BaseHigh1. */
    }
    else
    {
        /* The misaligned GDT/LDT case, map the whole thing. */
        rcStrict = iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&pu32, 8, UINT8_MAX, GCPtr, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
        if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
            return rcStrict;
        switch ((uintptr_t)pu32 & 3)
        {
            case 0: ASMAtomicBitSet(pu32,                         40 + 0 -  0); break;
            case 1: ASMAtomicBitSet((uint8_t volatile *)pu32 + 3, 40 + 0 - 24); break;
            case 2: ASMAtomicBitSet((uint8_t volatile *)pu32 + 2, 40 + 0 - 16); break;
            case 3: ASMAtomicBitSet((uint8_t volatile *)pu32 + 1, 40 + 0 -  8); break;
        }
    }

    return iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (void *)pu32, IEM_ACCESS_SYS_RW);
}

/** @} */


/*
 * Include the C/C++ implementation of instruction.
 */
#include "IEMAllCImpl.cpp.h"



/** @name   "Microcode" macros.
 *
 * The idea is that we should be able to use the same code to interpret
 * instructions as well as recompiler instructions.  Thus this obfuscation.
 *
 * @{
 */
#define IEM_MC_BEGIN(a_cArgs, a_cLocals)                {
#define IEM_MC_END()                                    }
#define IEM_MC_PAUSE()                                  do {} while (0)
#define IEM_MC_CONTINUE()                               do {} while (0)

/** Internal macro. */
#define IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(a_Expr) \
    do \
    { \
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict2 = a_Expr; \
        if (rcStrict2 != VINF_SUCCESS) \
            return rcStrict2; \
    } while (0)


#define IEM_MC_ADVANCE_RIP()                            iemRegUpdateRipAndClearRF(pVCpu)
#define IEM_MC_REL_JMP_S8(a_i8)                         IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemRegRipRelativeJumpS8(pVCpu, a_i8))
#define IEM_MC_REL_JMP_S16(a_i16)                       IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemRegRipRelativeJumpS16(pVCpu, a_i16))
#define IEM_MC_REL_JMP_S32(a_i32)                       IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemRegRipRelativeJumpS32(pVCpu, a_i32))
#define IEM_MC_SET_RIP_U16(a_u16NewIP)                  IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemRegRipJump((pVCpu), (a_u16NewIP)))
#define IEM_MC_SET_RIP_U32(a_u32NewIP)                  IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemRegRipJump((pVCpu), (a_u32NewIP)))
#define IEM_MC_SET_RIP_U64(a_u64NewIP)                  IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemRegRipJump((pVCpu), (a_u64NewIP)))
#define IEM_MC_RAISE_DIVIDE_ERROR()                     return iemRaiseDivideError(pVCpu)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_DEVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE()       \
    do { \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & (X86_CR0_EM | X86_CR0_TS)) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_WAIT_DEVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE()  \
    do { \
        if ((pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & (X86_CR0_MP | X86_CR0_TS)) == (X86_CR0_MP | X86_CR0_TS)) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_FPU_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FSW & X86_FSW_ES) \
            return iemRaiseMathFault(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_AVX2_RELATED_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aXcr[0] & (XSAVE_C_YMM | XSAVE_C_SSE)) != (XSAVE_C_YMM | XSAVE_C_SSE) \
            || !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_OSXSAVE) \
            || !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fAvx2) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_TS) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_AVX_RELATED_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.aXcr[0] & (XSAVE_C_YMM | XSAVE_C_SSE)) != (XSAVE_C_YMM | XSAVE_C_SSE) \
            || !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_OSXSAVE) \
            || !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fAvx) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_TS) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_SSE41_RELATED_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_EM) \
            || !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_OSFXSR) \
            || !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fSse41) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_TS) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_SSE3_RELATED_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_EM) \
            || !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_OSFXSR) \
            || !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fSse3) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_TS) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_SSE2_RELATED_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_EM) \
            || !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_OSFXSR) \
            || !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fSse2) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_TS) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_SSE_RELATED_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_EM) \
            || !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_OSFXSR) \
            || !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fSse) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_TS) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_MMX_RELATED_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_EM) \
            || !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fMmx) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_TS) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_MMX_RELATED_XCPT_CHECK_SSE_OR_MMXEXT() \
    do { \
        if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_EM) \
            || (   !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fSse \
                && !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fAmdMmxExts) ) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
        if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_TS) \
            return iemRaiseDeviceNotAvailable(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_RAISE_GP0_IF_CPL_NOT_ZERO() \
    do { \
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.uCpl != 0) \
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_RAISE_GP0_IF_EFF_ADDR_UNALIGNED(a_EffAddr, a_cbAlign) \
    do { \
        if (!((a_EffAddr) & ((a_cbAlign) - 1))) { /* likely */ } \
        else return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_FSGSBASE_XCPT() \
    do { \
        if (   pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT \
            || !IEM_GET_GUEST_CPU_FEATURES(pVCpu)->fFsGsBase \
            || !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr4 & X86_CR4_FSGSBASE)) \
            return iemRaiseUndefinedOpcode(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MAYBE_RAISE_NON_CANONICAL_ADDR_GP0(a_u64Addr) \
    do { \
        if (!IEM_IS_CANONICAL(a_u64Addr)) \
            return iemRaiseGeneralProtectionFault0(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)


#define IEM_MC_LOCAL(a_Type, a_Name)                    a_Type a_Name
#define IEM_MC_LOCAL_CONST(a_Type, a_Name, a_Value)     a_Type const a_Name = (a_Value)
#define IEM_MC_REF_LOCAL(a_pRefArg, a_Local)            (a_pRefArg) = &(a_Local)
#define IEM_MC_ARG(a_Type, a_Name, a_iArg)              a_Type a_Name
#define IEM_MC_ARG_CONST(a_Type, a_Name, a_Value, a_iArg)       a_Type const a_Name = (a_Value)
#define IEM_MC_ARG_LOCAL_REF(a_Type, a_Name, a_Local, a_iArg)   a_Type const a_Name = &(a_Local)
#define IEM_MC_ARG_LOCAL_EFLAGS(a_pName, a_Name, a_iArg) \
    uint32_t a_Name; \
    uint32_t *a_pName = &a_Name
#define IEM_MC_COMMIT_EFLAGS(a_EFlags) \
   do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u = (a_EFlags); Assert(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & X86_EFL_1); } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_ASSIGN(a_VarOrArg, a_CVariableOrConst)   (a_VarOrArg) = (a_CVariableOrConst)
#define IEM_MC_ASSIGN_TO_SMALLER                        IEM_MC_ASSIGN

#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U8(a_u8Dst, a_iGReg)          (a_u8Dst)  = iemGRegFetchU8(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U8_ZX_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iGReg)  (a_u16Dst) = iemGRegFetchU8(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U8_ZX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iGReg)  (a_u32Dst) = iemGRegFetchU8(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U8_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iGReg)  (a_u64Dst) = iemGRegFetchU8(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U8_SX_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iGReg)  (a_u16Dst) = (int8_t)iemGRegFetchU8(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U8_SX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iGReg)  (a_u32Dst) = (int8_t)iemGRegFetchU8(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U8_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iGReg)  (a_u64Dst) = (int8_t)iemGRegFetchU8(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iGReg)        (a_u16Dst) = iemGRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U16_ZX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iGReg) (a_u32Dst) = iemGRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U16_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iGReg) (a_u64Dst) = iemGRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U16_SX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iGReg) (a_u32Dst) = (int16_t)iemGRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U16_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iGReg) (a_u64Dst) = (int16_t)iemGRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iGReg)        (a_u32Dst) = iemGRegFetchU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U32_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iGReg) (a_u64Dst) = iemGRegFetchU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U32_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iGReg) (a_u64Dst) = (int32_t)iemGRegFetchU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iGReg)        (a_u64Dst) = iemGRegFetchU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U64_ZX_U64                    IEM_MC_FETCH_GREG_U64
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_SREG_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iSReg) do { \
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(a_iSReg)); \
        (a_u16Dst) = iemSRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iSReg)); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_SREG_ZX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSReg) do { \
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(a_iSReg)); \
        (a_u32Dst) = iemSRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iSReg)); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_SREG_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSReg) do { \
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(a_iSReg)); \
        (a_u64Dst) = iemSRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iSReg)); \
    } while (0)
/** @todo IEM_MC_FETCH_SREG_BASE_U64 & IEM_MC_FETCH_SREG_BASE_U32 probably aren't worth it... */
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_SREG_BASE_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSReg) do { \
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(a_iSReg)); \
        (a_u64Dst) = iemSRegBaseFetchU64(pVCpu, (a_iSReg)); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_SREG_BASE_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSReg) do { \
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(a_iSReg)); \
        (a_u32Dst) = iemSRegBaseFetchU64(pVCpu, (a_iSReg)); \
    } while (0)
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing or modification. */
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_EFLAGS(a_EFlags)                   (a_EFlags) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_EFLAGS_U8(a_EFlags)                (a_EFlags) = (uint8_t)pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_FSW(a_u16Fsw)                      (a_u16Fsw) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FSW
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_FCW(a_u16Fcw)                      (a_u16Fcw) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FCW

#define IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U8(a_iGReg, a_u8Value)        *iemGRegRefU8( pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) = (a_u8Value)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U16(a_iGReg, a_u16Value)      *iemGRegRefU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) = (a_u16Value)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U32(a_iGReg, a_u32Value)      *iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) = (uint32_t)(a_u32Value) /* clear high bits. */
#define IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U64(a_iGReg, a_u64Value)      *iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) = (a_u64Value)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U8_CONST                      IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U8
#define IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U16_CONST                     IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U16
#define IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U32_CONST                     IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U32
#define IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U64_CONST                     IEM_MC_STORE_GREG_U64
#define IEM_MC_CLEAR_HIGH_GREG_U64(a_iGReg)             *iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) &= UINT32_MAX
#define IEM_MC_CLEAR_HIGH_GREG_U64_BY_REF(a_pu32Dst)    do { (a_pu32Dst)[1] = 0; } while (0)
/** @todo IEM_MC_STORE_SREG_BASE_U64 & IEM_MC_STORE_SREG_BASE_U32 aren't worth it... */
#define IEM_MC_STORE_SREG_BASE_U64(a_iSReg, a_u64Value) do { \
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(a_iSReg)); \
        *iemSRegBaseRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iSReg)) = (a_u64Value); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_SREG_BASE_U32(a_iSReg, a_u32Value) do { \
        IEM_CTX_IMPORT_NORET(pVCpu, CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SREG_FROM_IDX(a_iSReg)); \
        *iemSRegBaseRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iSReg)) = (uint32_t)(a_u32Value); /* clear high bits. */ \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_FPUREG_R80_SRC_REF(a_iSt, a_pr80Src) \
    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[a_iSt].r80 = *(a_pr80Src); } while (0)


#define IEM_MC_REF_GREG_U8(a_pu8Dst, a_iGReg)           (a_pu8Dst)  = iemGRegRefU8( pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_REF_GREG_U16(a_pu16Dst, a_iGReg)         (a_pu16Dst) = iemGRegRefU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
/** @todo User of IEM_MC_REF_GREG_U32 needs to clear the high bits on commit.
 *        Use IEM_MC_CLEAR_HIGH_GREG_U64_BY_REF! */
#define IEM_MC_REF_GREG_U32(a_pu32Dst, a_iGReg)         (a_pu32Dst) = iemGRegRefU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
#define IEM_MC_REF_GREG_U64(a_pu64Dst, a_iGReg)         (a_pu64Dst) = iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg))
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing or modification. */
#define IEM_MC_REF_EFLAGS(a_pEFlags)                    (a_pEFlags) = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u

#define IEM_MC_ADD_GREG_U8(a_iGReg, a_u8Value)          *iemGRegRefU8( pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) += (a_u8Value)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_GREG_U16(a_iGReg, a_u16Value)        *iemGRegRefU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) += (a_u16Value)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_GREG_U32(a_iGReg, a_u32Value) \
    do { \
        uint32_t *pu32Reg = iemGRegRefU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)); \
        *pu32Reg += (a_u32Value); \
        pu32Reg[1] = 0; /* implicitly clear the high bit. */ \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_GREG_U64(a_iGReg, a_u64Value)        *iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) += (a_u64Value)

#define IEM_MC_SUB_GREG_U8(a_iGReg,  a_u8Value)         *iemGRegRefU8( pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) -= (a_u8Value)
#define IEM_MC_SUB_GREG_U16(a_iGReg, a_u16Value)        *iemGRegRefU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) -= (a_u16Value)
#define IEM_MC_SUB_GREG_U32(a_iGReg, a_u32Value) \
    do { \
        uint32_t *pu32Reg = iemGRegRefU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)); \
        *pu32Reg -= (a_u32Value); \
        pu32Reg[1] = 0; /* implicitly clear the high bit. */ \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_SUB_GREG_U64(a_iGReg, a_u64Value)        *iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) -= (a_u64Value)
#define IEM_MC_SUB_LOCAL_U16(a_u16Value, a_u16Const)   do { (a_u16Value) -= a_u16Const; } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_ADD_GREG_U8_TO_LOCAL(a_u8Value, a_iGReg)    do { (a_u8Value)  += iemGRegFetchU8( pVCpu, (a_iGReg)); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_GREG_U16_TO_LOCAL(a_u16Value, a_iGReg)  do { (a_u16Value) += iemGRegFetchU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_GREG_U32_TO_LOCAL(a_u32Value, a_iGReg)  do { (a_u32Value) += iemGRegFetchU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_GREG_U64_TO_LOCAL(a_u64Value, a_iGReg)  do { (a_u64Value) += iemGRegFetchU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_LOCAL_S16_TO_EFF_ADDR(a_EffAddr, a_i16) do { (a_EffAddr) += (a_i16); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_LOCAL_S32_TO_EFF_ADDR(a_EffAddr, a_i32) do { (a_EffAddr) += (a_i32); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_ADD_LOCAL_S64_TO_EFF_ADDR(a_EffAddr, a_i64) do { (a_EffAddr) += (a_i64); } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_AND_LOCAL_U8(a_u8Local, a_u8Mask)        do { (a_u8Local)  &= (a_u8Mask);  } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_AND_LOCAL_U16(a_u16Local, a_u16Mask)     do { (a_u16Local) &= (a_u16Mask); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_AND_LOCAL_U32(a_u32Local, a_u32Mask)     do { (a_u32Local) &= (a_u32Mask); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_AND_LOCAL_U64(a_u64Local, a_u64Mask)     do { (a_u64Local) &= (a_u64Mask); } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_AND_ARG_U16(a_u16Arg, a_u16Mask)         do { (a_u16Arg) &= (a_u16Mask); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_AND_ARG_U32(a_u32Arg, a_u32Mask)         do { (a_u32Arg) &= (a_u32Mask); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_AND_ARG_U64(a_u64Arg, a_u64Mask)         do { (a_u64Arg) &= (a_u64Mask); } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_OR_LOCAL_U8(a_u8Local, a_u8Mask)         do { (a_u8Local)  |= (a_u8Mask);  } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_OR_LOCAL_U16(a_u16Local, a_u16Mask)      do { (a_u16Local) |= (a_u16Mask); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_OR_LOCAL_U32(a_u32Local, a_u32Mask)      do { (a_u32Local) |= (a_u32Mask); } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_SAR_LOCAL_S16(a_i16Local, a_cShift)      do { (a_i16Local) >>= (a_cShift);  } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_SAR_LOCAL_S32(a_i32Local, a_cShift)      do { (a_i32Local) >>= (a_cShift);  } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_SAR_LOCAL_S64(a_i64Local, a_cShift)      do { (a_i64Local) >>= (a_cShift);  } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_SHL_LOCAL_S16(a_i16Local, a_cShift)      do { (a_i16Local) <<= (a_cShift);  } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_SHL_LOCAL_S32(a_i32Local, a_cShift)      do { (a_i32Local) <<= (a_cShift);  } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_SHL_LOCAL_S64(a_i64Local, a_cShift)      do { (a_i64Local) <<= (a_cShift);  } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_AND_2LOCS_U32(a_u32Local, a_u32Mask)     do { (a_u32Local) &= (a_u32Mask); } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_OR_2LOCS_U32(a_u32Local, a_u32Mask)      do { (a_u32Local) |= (a_u32Mask); } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_AND_GREG_U8(a_iGReg, a_u8Value)          *iemGRegRefU8( pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) &= (a_u8Value)
#define IEM_MC_AND_GREG_U16(a_iGReg, a_u16Value)        *iemGRegRefU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) &= (a_u16Value)
#define IEM_MC_AND_GREG_U32(a_iGReg, a_u32Value) \
    do { \
        uint32_t *pu32Reg = iemGRegRefU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)); \
        *pu32Reg &= (a_u32Value); \
        pu32Reg[1] = 0; /* implicitly clear the high bit. */ \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_AND_GREG_U64(a_iGReg, a_u64Value)        *iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) &= (a_u64Value)

#define IEM_MC_OR_GREG_U8(a_iGReg, a_u8Value)           *iemGRegRefU8( pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) |= (a_u8Value)
#define IEM_MC_OR_GREG_U16(a_iGReg, a_u16Value)         *iemGRegRefU16(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) |= (a_u16Value)
#define IEM_MC_OR_GREG_U32(a_iGReg, a_u32Value) \
    do { \
        uint32_t *pu32Reg = iemGRegRefU32(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)); \
        *pu32Reg |= (a_u32Value); \
        pu32Reg[1] = 0; /* implicitly clear the high bit. */ \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_OR_GREG_U64(a_iGReg, a_u64Value)         *iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) |= (a_u64Value)


/** @note Not for IOPL or IF modification. */
#define IEM_MC_SET_EFL_BIT(a_fBit)                      do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u |= (a_fBit); } while (0)
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF modification. */
#define IEM_MC_CLEAR_EFL_BIT(a_fBit)                    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u &= ~(a_fBit); } while (0)
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF modification. */
#define IEM_MC_FLIP_EFL_BIT(a_fBit)                     do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u ^= (a_fBit); } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_CLEAR_FSW_EX()   do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FSW &= X86_FSW_C_MASK | X86_FSW_TOP_MASK; } while (0)

/** Switches the FPU state to MMX mode (FSW.TOS=0, FTW=0) if necessary. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_TO_MMX_MODE() do { \
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FSW &= ~X86_FSW_TOP_MASK; \
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FTW  = 0xff; \
    } while (0)

/** Switches the FPU state from MMX mode (FTW=0xffff). */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_FROM_MMX_MODE() do { \
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FTW  = 0; \
    } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_FETCH_MREG_U64(a_u64Value, a_iMReg) \
    do { (a_u64Value) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].mmx; } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_MREG_U32(a_u32Value, a_iMReg) \
    do { (a_u32Value) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].au32[0]; } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MREG_U64(a_iMReg, a_u64Value) do { \
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].mmx = (a_u64Value); \
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].au32[2] = 0xffff; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MREG_U32_ZX_U64(a_iMReg, a_u32Value) do { \
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].mmx = (uint32_t)(a_u32Value); \
        pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].au32[2] = 0xffff; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_REF_MREG_U64(a_pu64Dst, a_iMReg) /** @todo need to set high word to 0xffff on commit (see IEM_MC_STORE_MREG_U64) */ \
        (a_pu64Dst) = (&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].mmx)
#define IEM_MC_REF_MREG_U64_CONST(a_pu64Dst, a_iMReg) \
        (a_pu64Dst) = ((uint64_t const *)&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].mmx)
#define IEM_MC_REF_MREG_U32_CONST(a_pu32Dst, a_iMReg) \
        (a_pu32Dst) = ((uint32_t const *)&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[(a_iMReg)].mmx)

#define IEM_MC_FETCH_XREG_U128(a_u128Value, a_iXReg) \
    do { (a_u128Value).au64[0] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[0]; \
         (a_u128Value).au64[1] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[1]; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_XREG_U64(a_u64Value, a_iXReg) \
    do { (a_u64Value) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[0]; } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_XREG_U32(a_u32Value, a_iXReg) \
    do { (a_u32Value) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au32[0]; } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_XREG_HI_U64(a_u64Value, a_iXReg) \
    do { (a_u64Value) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[1]; } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_XREG_U128(a_iXReg, a_u128Value) \
    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[0] = (a_u128Value).au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[1] = (a_u128Value).au64[1]; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_XREG_U64(a_iXReg, a_u64Value) \
    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[0] = (a_u64Value); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_XREG_U64_ZX_U128(a_iXReg, a_u64Value) \
    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[0] = (a_u64Value); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[1] = 0; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_XREG_U32(a_iXReg, a_u32Value) \
    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au32[0] = (a_u32Value); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_XREG_U32_ZX_U128(a_iXReg, a_u32Value) \
    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[0] = (uint32_t)(a_u32Value); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[1] = 0; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_XREG_HI_U64(a_iXReg, a_u64Value) \
    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[1] = (a_u64Value); } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_REF_XREG_U128(a_pu128Dst, a_iXReg)       \
    (a_pu128Dst) = (&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].uXmm)
#define IEM_MC_REF_XREG_U128_CONST(a_pu128Dst, a_iXReg) \
    (a_pu128Dst) = ((PCRTUINT128U)&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].uXmm)
#define IEM_MC_REF_XREG_U64_CONST(a_pu64Dst, a_iXReg) \
    (a_pu64Dst) = ((uint64_t const *)&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXReg)].au64[0])
#define IEM_MC_COPY_XREG_U128(a_iXRegDst, a_iXRegSrc) \
    do { pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXRegDst)].au64[0] \
            = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXRegSrc)].au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXRegDst)].au64[1] \
            = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[(a_iXRegSrc)].au64[1]; \
    } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_FETCH_YREG_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iYRegSrc) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegSrcTmp    = (a_iYRegSrc); \
         (a_u32Dst) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au32[0]; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_YREG_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iYRegSrc) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegSrcTmp    = (a_iYRegSrc); \
         (a_u64Dst) = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[0]; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_YREG_U128(a_u128Dst, a_iYRegSrc) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegSrcTmp    = (a_iYRegSrc); \
         (a_u128Dst).au64[0] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[0]; \
         (a_u128Dst).au64[1] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[1]; \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_FETCH_YREG_U256(a_u256Dst, a_iYRegSrc) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegSrcTmp    = (a_iYRegSrc); \
         (a_u256Dst).au64[0] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[0]; \
         (a_u256Dst).au64[1] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[1]; \
         (a_u256Dst).au64[2] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[0]; \
         (a_u256Dst).au64[3] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[1]; \
    } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(a_iXRegDst) do { /* For AVX512 and AVX1024 support. */ } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_YREG_U32_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_u32Src) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au32[0]       = (a_u32Src); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au32[1]       = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_YREG_U64_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_u64Src) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = (a_u64Src); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_YREG_U128_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_u128Src) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = (a_u128Src).au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = (a_u128Src).au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_YREG_U256_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_u256Src) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = (a_u256Src).au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = (a_u256Src).au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = (a_u256Src).au64[2]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = (a_u256Src).au64[3]; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_REF_YREG_U128(a_pu128Dst, a_iYReg)       \
    (a_pu128Dst) = (&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aYMM[(a_iYReg)].uXmm)
#define IEM_MC_REF_YREG_U128_CONST(a_pu128Dst, a_iYReg) \
    (a_pu128Dst) = ((PCRTUINT128U)&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aYMM[(a_iYReg)].uXmm)
#define IEM_MC_REF_YREG_U64_CONST(a_pu64Dst, a_iYReg) \
    (a_pu64Dst) = ((uint64_t const *)&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aYMM[(a_iYReg)].au64[0])
#define IEM_MC_CLEAR_YREG_128_UP(a_iYReg) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegTmp   = (a_iYReg); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegTmp); \
    } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_COPY_YREG_U256_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_iYRegSrc) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrcTmp    = (a_iYRegSrc); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[1]; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_COPY_YREG_U128_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_iYRegSrc) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrcTmp    = (a_iYRegSrc); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_COPY_YREG_U64_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_iYRegSrc) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrcTmp    = (a_iYRegSrc); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcTmp].au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_MERGE_YREG_U32_U96_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_iYRegSrc32, a_iYRegSrcHx) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrc32Tmp  = (a_iYRegSrc32); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrcHxTmp  = (a_iYRegSrcHx); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au32[0]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrc32Tmp].au32[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au32[1]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcHxTmp].au32[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcHxTmp].au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MERGE_YREG_U64_U64_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_iYRegSrc64, a_iYRegSrcHx) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrc64Tmp  = (a_iYRegSrc64); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrcHxTmp  = (a_iYRegSrcHx); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrc64Tmp].au64[0]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcHxTmp].au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MERGE_YREG_U64HI_U64_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_iYRegSrc64, a_iYRegSrcHx) /* for vmovhlps */ \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrc64Tmp  = (a_iYRegSrc64); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrcHxTmp  = (a_iYRegSrcHx); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrc64Tmp].au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcHxTmp].au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_MERGE_YREG_U64LOCAL_U64_ZX_VLMAX(a_iYRegDst, a_u64Local, a_iYRegSrcHx) \
    do { uintptr_t const iYRegDstTmp    = (a_iYRegDst); \
         uintptr_t const iYRegSrcHxTmp  = (a_iYRegSrcHx); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0]       = (a_u64Local); \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1]       = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aXMM[iYRegSrcHxTmp].au64[1]; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[0] = 0; \
         pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.u.YmmHi.aYmmHi[iYRegDstTmp].au64[1] = 0; \
         IEM_MC_INT_CLEAR_ZMM_256_UP(iYRegDstTmp); \
    } while (0)

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8(a_u8Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &(a_u8Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM16_U8(a_u8Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem16) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &(a_u8Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem16)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM32_U8(a_u8Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem32) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &(a_u8Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem32)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8(a_u8Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u8Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM16_U8(a_u8Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem16) \
    ((a_u8Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem16)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM32_U8(a_u8Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem32) \
    ((a_u8Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem32)))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, &(a_u16Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_DISP(a_u16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_offDisp) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, &(a_u16Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem) + (a_offDisp)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_I16(a_i16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, (uint16_t *)&(a_i16Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u16Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_DISP(a_u16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_offDisp) \
    ((a_u16Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem) + (a_offDisp)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_I16(a_i16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_i16Dst) = (int16_t)iemMemFetchDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &(a_u32Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U32_DISP(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_offDisp) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &(a_u32Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem) + (a_offDisp)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_I32(a_i32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, (uint32_t *)&(a_i32Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u32Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU32Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U32_DISP(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_offDisp) \
    ((a_u32Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU32Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem) + (a_offDisp)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_I32(a_i32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_i32Dst) = (int32_t)iemMemFetchDataU32Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#endif

#ifdef SOME_UNUSED_FUNCTION
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_S32_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataS32SxU64(pVCpu, &(a_u64Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU64(pVCpu, &(a_u64Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U64_DISP(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_offDisp) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU64(pVCpu, &(a_u64Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem) + (a_offDisp)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U64_ALIGN_U128(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU64AlignedU128(pVCpu, &(a_u64Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_I64(a_i64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU64(pVCpu, (uint64_t *)&(a_i64Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU64Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U64_DISP(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_offDisp) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU64Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem) + (a_offDisp)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U64_ALIGN_U128(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU64AlignedU128Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_I64(a_i64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_i64Dst) = (int64_t)iemMemFetchDataU64Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_R32(a_r32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &(a_r32Dst).u32, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_R64(a_r64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU64(pVCpu, &(a_r64Dst).au64[0], (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_R80(a_r80Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataR80(pVCpu, &(a_r80Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_D80(a_d80Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataD80(pVCpu, &(a_d80Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_R32(a_r32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_r32Dst).u = iemMemFetchDataU32Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_R64(a_r64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_r64Dst).u = iemMemFetchDataU64Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_R80(a_r80Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    iemMemFetchDataR80Jmp(pVCpu, &(a_r80Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_D80(a_d80Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    iemMemFetchDataD80Jmp(pVCpu, &(a_d80Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U128(a_u128Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU128(pVCpu, &(a_u128Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U128_ALIGN_SSE(a_u128Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU128AlignedSse(pVCpu, &(a_u128Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U128(a_u128Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    iemMemFetchDataU128Jmp(pVCpu, &(a_u128Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U128_ALIGN_SSE(a_u128Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    iemMemFetchDataU128AlignedSseJmp(pVCpu, &(a_u128Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U256(a_u256Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU256(pVCpu, &(a_u256Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U256_ALIGN_AVX(a_u256Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU256AlignedSse(pVCpu, &(a_u256Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U256(a_u256Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    iemMemFetchDataU256Jmp(pVCpu, &(a_u256Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U256_ALIGN_AVX(a_u256Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    iemMemFetchDataU256AlignedSseJmp(pVCpu, &(a_u256Dst), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))
#endif



#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_ZX_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint8_t u8Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &u8Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u16Dst) = u8Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_ZX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint8_t u8Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &u8Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u32Dst) = u8Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint8_t u8Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &u8Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u64Dst) = u8Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_ZX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint16_t u16Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, &u16Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u32Dst) = u16Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint16_t u16Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, &u16Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u64Dst) = u16Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U32_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint32_t u32Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &u32Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u64Dst) = u32Tmp; \
    } while (0)
#else  /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_ZX_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u16Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_ZX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u32Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_ZX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u32Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U32_ZX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = iemMemFetchDataU32Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_SX_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint8_t u8Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &u8Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u16Dst) = (int8_t)u8Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_SX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint8_t u8Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &u8Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u32Dst) = (int8_t)u8Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint8_t u8Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU8(pVCpu, &u8Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u64Dst) = (int8_t)u8Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_SX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint16_t u16Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, &u16Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u32Dst) = (int16_t)u16Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint16_t u16Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU16(pVCpu, &u16Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u64Dst) = (int16_t)u16Tmp; \
    } while (0)
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U32_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    do { \
        uint32_t u32Tmp; \
        IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemFetchDataU32(pVCpu, &u32Tmp, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem))); \
        (a_u64Dst) = (int32_t)u32Tmp; \
    } while (0)
#else  /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_SX_U16(a_u16Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u16Dst) = (int8_t)iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_SX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u32Dst) = (int8_t)iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U8_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = (int8_t)iemMemFetchDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_SX_U32(a_u32Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u32Dst) = (int16_t)iemMemFetchDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U16_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = (int16_t)iemMemFetchDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
# define IEM_MC_FETCH_MEM_U32_SX_U64(a_u64Dst, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem) \
    ((a_u64Dst) = (int32_t)iemMemFetchDataU32Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem)))
#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U8(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u8Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU8(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u8Value)))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U16(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u16Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU16(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u16Value)))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U32(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u32Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU32(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u32Value)))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U64(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u64Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU64(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u64Value)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U8(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u8Value) \
    iemMemStoreDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u8Value))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U16(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u16Value) \
    iemMemStoreDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u16Value))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U32(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u32Value) \
    iemMemStoreDataU32Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u32Value))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U64(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u64Value) \
    iemMemStoreDataU64Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u64Value))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U8_CONST(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u8C) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU8(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u8C)))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U16_CONST(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u16C) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU16(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u16C)))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U32_CONST(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u32C) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU32(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u32C)))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U64_CONST(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u64C) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU64(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u64C)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U8_CONST(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u8C) \
    iemMemStoreDataU8Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u8C))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U16_CONST(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u16C) \
    iemMemStoreDataU16Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u16C))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U32_CONST(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u32C) \
    iemMemStoreDataU32Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u32C))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U64_CONST(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u64C) \
    iemMemStoreDataU64Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u64C))
#endif

#define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_I8_CONST_BY_REF( a_pi8Dst,  a_i8C)     *(a_pi8Dst)  = (a_i8C)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_I16_CONST_BY_REF(a_pi16Dst, a_i16C)    *(a_pi16Dst) = (a_i16C)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_I32_CONST_BY_REF(a_pi32Dst, a_i32C)    *(a_pi32Dst) = (a_i32C)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_I64_CONST_BY_REF(a_pi64Dst, a_i64C)    *(a_pi64Dst) = (a_i64C)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_NEG_QNAN_R32_BY_REF(a_pr32Dst)         (a_pr32Dst)->u = UINT32_C(0xffc00000)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_NEG_QNAN_R64_BY_REF(a_pr64Dst)         (a_pr64Dst)->u = UINT64_C(0xfff8000000000000)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_NEG_QNAN_R80_BY_REF(a_pr80Dst) \
    do { \
        (a_pr80Dst)->au64[0] = UINT64_C(0xc000000000000000); \
        (a_pr80Dst)->au16[4] = UINT16_C(0xffff); \
    } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_INDEF_D80_BY_REF(a_pd80Dst) \
    do { \
        (a_pd80Dst)->au64[0] = UINT64_C(0xc000000000000000); \
        (a_pd80Dst)->au16[4] = UINT16_C(0xffff); \
    } while (0)

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U128(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u128Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU128(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u128Value)))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U128_ALIGN_SSE(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u128Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU128AlignedSse(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u128Value)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U128(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u128Value) \
    iemMemStoreDataU128Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u128Value))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U128_ALIGN_SSE(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u128Value) \
    iemMemStoreDataU128AlignedSseJmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_u128Value))
#endif

#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U256(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u256Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU256(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), &(a_u256Value)))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U256_ALIGN_AVX(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u256Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStoreDataU256AlignedAvx(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), &(a_u256Value)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U256(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u256Value) \
    iemMemStoreDataU256Jmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), &(a_u256Value))
# define IEM_MC_STORE_MEM_U256_ALIGN_AVX(a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_u256Value) \
    iemMemStoreDataU256AlignedAvxJmp(pVCpu, (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), &(a_u256Value))
#endif


#define IEM_MC_PUSH_U16(a_u16Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStackPushU16(pVCpu, (a_u16Value)))
#define IEM_MC_PUSH_U32(a_u32Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStackPushU32(pVCpu, (a_u32Value)))
#define IEM_MC_PUSH_U32_SREG(a_u32Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStackPushU32SReg(pVCpu, (a_u32Value)))
#define IEM_MC_PUSH_U64(a_u64Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStackPushU64(pVCpu, (a_u64Value)))

#define IEM_MC_POP_U16(a_pu16Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStackPopU16(pVCpu, (a_pu16Value)))
#define IEM_MC_POP_U32(a_pu32Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStackPopU32(pVCpu, (a_pu32Value)))
#define IEM_MC_POP_U64(a_pu64Value) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemStackPopU64(pVCpu, (a_pu64Value)))

/** Maps guest memory for direct or bounce buffered access.
 * The purpose is to pass it to an operand implementation, thus the a_iArg.
 * @remarks     May return.
 */
#define IEM_MC_MEM_MAP(a_pMem, a_fAccess, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_iArg) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&(a_pMem), sizeof(*(a_pMem)), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_fAccess)))

/** Maps guest memory for direct or bounce buffered access.
 * The purpose is to pass it to an operand implementation, thus the a_iArg.
 * @remarks     May return.
 */
#define IEM_MC_MEM_MAP_EX(a_pvMem, a_fAccess, a_cbMem, a_iSeg, a_GCPtrMem, a_iArg) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemMap(pVCpu, (void **)&(a_pvMem), (a_cbMem), (a_iSeg), (a_GCPtrMem), (a_fAccess)))

/** Commits the memory and unmaps the guest memory.
 * @remarks     May return.
 */
#define IEM_MC_MEM_COMMIT_AND_UNMAP(a_pvMem, a_fAccess) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (a_pvMem), (a_fAccess)))

/** Commits the memory and unmaps the guest memory unless the FPU status word
 * indicates (@a a_u16FSW) and FPU control word indicates a pending exception
 * that would cause FLD not to store.
 *
 * The current understanding is that \#O, \#U, \#IA and \#IS will prevent a
 * store, while \#P will not.
 *
 * @remarks     May in theory return - for now.
 */
#define IEM_MC_MEM_COMMIT_AND_UNMAP_FOR_FPU_STORE(a_pvMem, a_fAccess, a_u16FSW) \
    do { \
        if (   !(a_u16FSW & X86_FSW_ES) \
            || !(  (a_u16FSW & (X86_FSW_UE | X86_FSW_OE | X86_FSW_IE)) \
                 & ~(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FCW & X86_FCW_MASK_ALL) ) ) \
            IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemMemCommitAndUnmap(pVCpu, (a_pvMem), (a_fAccess))); \
    } while (0)

/** Calculate efficient address from R/M. */
#ifndef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
# define IEM_MC_CALC_RM_EFF_ADDR(a_GCPtrEff, bRm, cbImm) \
    IEM_MC_RETURN_ON_FAILURE(iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddr(pVCpu, (bRm), (cbImm), &(a_GCPtrEff)))
#else
# define IEM_MC_CALC_RM_EFF_ADDR(a_GCPtrEff, bRm, cbImm) \
    ((a_GCPtrEff) = iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrJmp(pVCpu, (bRm), (cbImm)))
#endif

#define IEM_MC_CALL_VOID_AIMPL_0(a_pfn)                   (a_pfn)()
#define IEM_MC_CALL_VOID_AIMPL_1(a_pfn, a0)               (a_pfn)((a0))
#define IEM_MC_CALL_VOID_AIMPL_2(a_pfn, a0, a1)           (a_pfn)((a0), (a1))
#define IEM_MC_CALL_VOID_AIMPL_3(a_pfn, a0, a1, a2)       (a_pfn)((a0), (a1), (a2))
#define IEM_MC_CALL_VOID_AIMPL_4(a_pfn, a0, a1, a2, a3)   (a_pfn)((a0), (a1), (a2), (a3))
#define IEM_MC_CALL_AIMPL_3(a_rc, a_pfn, a0, a1, a2)      (a_rc) = (a_pfn)((a0), (a1), (a2))
#define IEM_MC_CALL_AIMPL_4(a_rc, a_pfn, a0, a1, a2, a3)  (a_rc) = (a_pfn)((a0), (a1), (a2), (a3))

/**
 * Defers the rest of the instruction emulation to a C implementation routine
 * and returns, only taking the standard parameters.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @sa      IEM_DECL_IMPL_C_TYPE_0 and IEM_CIMPL_DEF_0.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_CIMPL_0(a_pfnCImpl)                 return (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu))

/**
 * Defers the rest of instruction emulation to a C implementation routine and
 * returns, taking one argument in addition to the standard ones.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @param   a0              The argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_CIMPL_1(a_pfnCImpl, a0)             return (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), a0)

/**
 * Defers the rest of the instruction emulation to a C implementation routine
 * and returns, taking two arguments in addition to the standard ones.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_CIMPL_2(a_pfnCImpl, a0, a1)         return (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), a0, a1)

/**
 * Defers the rest of the instruction emulation to a C implementation routine
 * and returns, taking three arguments in addition to the standard ones.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The third extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_CIMPL_3(a_pfnCImpl, a0, a1, a2)     return (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), a0, a1, a2)

/**
 * Defers the rest of the instruction emulation to a C implementation routine
 * and returns, taking four arguments in addition to the standard ones.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The third extra argument.
 * @param   a3              The fourth extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_CIMPL_4(a_pfnCImpl, a0, a1, a2, a3)     return (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), a0, a1, a2, a3)

/**
 * Defers the rest of the instruction emulation to a C implementation routine
 * and returns, taking two arguments in addition to the standard ones.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The third extra argument.
 * @param   a3              The fourth extra argument.
 * @param   a4              The fifth extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_CIMPL_5(a_pfnCImpl, a0, a1, a2, a3, a4) return (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), a0, a1, a2, a3, a4)

/**
 * Defers the entire instruction emulation to a C implementation routine and
 * returns, only taking the standard parameters.
 *
 * This shall be used without any IEM_MC_BEGIN or IEM_END macro surrounding it.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @sa      IEM_DECL_IMPL_C_TYPE_0 and IEM_CIMPL_DEF_0.
 */
#define IEM_MC_DEFER_TO_CIMPL_0(a_pfnCImpl)             (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu))

/**
 * Defers the entire instruction emulation to a C implementation routine and
 * returns, taking one argument in addition to the standard ones.
 *
 * This shall be used without any IEM_MC_BEGIN or IEM_END macro surrounding it.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @param   a0              The argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_DEFER_TO_CIMPL_1(a_pfnCImpl, a0)         (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), a0)

/**
 * Defers the entire instruction emulation to a C implementation routine and
 * returns, taking two arguments in addition to the standard ones.
 *
 * This shall be used without any IEM_MC_BEGIN or IEM_END macro surrounding it.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_DEFER_TO_CIMPL_2(a_pfnCImpl, a0, a1)     (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), a0, a1)

/**
 * Defers the entire instruction emulation to a C implementation routine and
 * returns, taking three arguments in addition to the standard ones.
 *
 * This shall be used without any IEM_MC_BEGIN or IEM_END macro surrounding it.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnCImpl      The pointer to the C routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The third extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_DEFER_TO_CIMPL_3(a_pfnCImpl, a0, a1, a2) (a_pfnCImpl)(pVCpu, IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), a0, a1, a2)

/**
 * Calls a FPU assembly implementation taking one visible argument.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly FPU routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_FPU_AIMPL_1(a_pfnAImpl, a0) \
    do { \
        a_pfnAImpl(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87, (a0)); \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Calls a FPU assembly implementation taking two visible arguments.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly FPU routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_FPU_AIMPL_2(a_pfnAImpl, a0, a1) \
    do { \
        a_pfnAImpl(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87, (a0), (a1)); \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Calls a FPU assembly implementation taking three visible arguments.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly FPU routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The third extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_FPU_AIMPL_3(a_pfnAImpl, a0, a1, a2) \
    do { \
        a_pfnAImpl(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87, (a0), (a1), (a2)); \
    } while (0)

#define IEM_MC_SET_FPU_RESULT(a_FpuData, a_FSW, a_pr80Value) \
    do { \
        (a_FpuData).FSW       = (a_FSW); \
        (a_FpuData).r80Result = *(a_pr80Value); \
    } while (0)

/** Pushes FPU result onto the stack. */
#define IEM_MC_PUSH_FPU_RESULT(a_FpuData) \
    iemFpuPushResult(pVCpu, &a_FpuData)
/** Pushes FPU result onto the stack and sets the FPUDP. */
#define IEM_MC_PUSH_FPU_RESULT_MEM_OP(a_FpuData, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff) \
    iemFpuPushResultWithMemOp(pVCpu, &a_FpuData, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff)

/** Replaces ST0 with value one and pushes value 2 onto the FPU stack. */
#define IEM_MC_PUSH_FPU_RESULT_TWO(a_FpuDataTwo) \
    iemFpuPushResultTwo(pVCpu, &a_FpuDataTwo)

/** Stores FPU result in a stack register. */
#define IEM_MC_STORE_FPU_RESULT(a_FpuData, a_iStReg) \
    iemFpuStoreResult(pVCpu, &a_FpuData, a_iStReg)
/** Stores FPU result in a stack register and pops the stack. */
#define IEM_MC_STORE_FPU_RESULT_THEN_POP(a_FpuData, a_iStReg) \
    iemFpuStoreResultThenPop(pVCpu, &a_FpuData, a_iStReg)
/** Stores FPU result in a stack register and sets the FPUDP. */
#define IEM_MC_STORE_FPU_RESULT_MEM_OP(a_FpuData, a_iStReg, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff) \
    iemFpuStoreResultWithMemOp(pVCpu, &a_FpuData, a_iStReg, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff)
/** Stores FPU result in a stack register, sets the FPUDP, and pops the
 *  stack. */
#define IEM_MC_STORE_FPU_RESULT_WITH_MEM_OP_THEN_POP(a_FpuData, a_iStReg, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff) \
    iemFpuStoreResultWithMemOpThenPop(pVCpu, &a_FpuData, a_iStReg, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff)

/** Only update the FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS. (For FNOP.) */
#define IEM_MC_UPDATE_FPU_OPCODE_IP() \
    iemFpuUpdateOpcodeAndIp(pVCpu)
/** Free a stack register (for FFREE and FFREEP). */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_FREE(a_iStReg) \
    iemFpuStackFree(pVCpu, a_iStReg)
/** Increment the FPU stack pointer. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_INC_TOP() \
    iemFpuStackIncTop(pVCpu)
/** Decrement the FPU stack pointer. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_DEC_TOP() \
    iemFpuStackDecTop(pVCpu)

/** Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS. */
#define IEM_MC_UPDATE_FSW(a_u16FSW) \
    iemFpuUpdateFSW(pVCpu, a_u16FSW)
/** Updates the FSW with a constant value as well as FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS. */
#define IEM_MC_UPDATE_FSW_CONST(a_u16FSW) \
    iemFpuUpdateFSW(pVCpu, a_u16FSW)
/** Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, FPUCS, FPUDP, and FPUDS. */
#define IEM_MC_UPDATE_FSW_WITH_MEM_OP(a_u16FSW, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff) \
    iemFpuUpdateFSWWithMemOp(pVCpu, a_u16FSW, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff)
/** Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS, and then pops the stack. */
#define IEM_MC_UPDATE_FSW_THEN_POP(a_u16FSW) \
    iemFpuUpdateFSWThenPop(pVCpu, a_u16FSW)
/** Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, FPUCS, FPUDP and FPUDS, and then pops the
 *  stack. */
#define IEM_MC_UPDATE_FSW_WITH_MEM_OP_THEN_POP(a_u16FSW, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff) \
    iemFpuUpdateFSWWithMemOpThenPop(pVCpu, a_u16FSW, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff)
/** Updates the FSW, FOP, FPUIP, and FPUCS, and then pops the stack twice. */
#define IEM_MC_UPDATE_FSW_THEN_POP_POP(a_u16FSW) \
    iemFpuUpdateFSWThenPopPop(pVCpu, a_u16FSW)

/** Raises a FPU stack underflow exception.  Sets FPUIP, FPUCS and FOP. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_UNDERFLOW(a_iStDst) \
    iemFpuStackUnderflow(pVCpu, a_iStDst)
/** Raises a FPU stack underflow exception.  Sets FPUIP, FPUCS and FOP. Pops
 *  stack. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_UNDERFLOW_THEN_POP(a_iStDst) \
    iemFpuStackUnderflowThenPop(pVCpu, a_iStDst)
/** Raises a FPU stack underflow exception.  Sets FPUIP, FPUCS, FOP, FPUDP and
 *  FPUDS. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_UNDERFLOW_MEM_OP(a_iStDst, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff) \
    iemFpuStackUnderflowWithMemOp(pVCpu, a_iStDst, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff)
/** Raises a FPU stack underflow exception.  Sets FPUIP, FPUCS, FOP, FPUDP and
 *  FPUDS. Pops stack. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_UNDERFLOW_MEM_OP_THEN_POP(a_iStDst, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff) \
    iemFpuStackUnderflowWithMemOpThenPop(pVCpu, a_iStDst, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff)
/** Raises a FPU stack underflow exception.  Sets FPUIP, FPUCS and FOP. Pops
 *  stack twice. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_UNDERFLOW_THEN_POP_POP() \
    iemFpuStackUnderflowThenPopPop(pVCpu)
/** Raises a FPU stack underflow exception for an instruction pushing a result
 *  value onto the stack. Sets FPUIP, FPUCS and FOP. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_PUSH_UNDERFLOW() \
    iemFpuStackPushUnderflow(pVCpu)
/** Raises a FPU stack underflow exception for an instruction pushing a result
 *  value onto the stack and replacing ST0. Sets FPUIP, FPUCS and FOP. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_PUSH_UNDERFLOW_TWO() \
    iemFpuStackPushUnderflowTwo(pVCpu)

/** Raises a FPU stack overflow exception as part of a push attempt.  Sets
 *  FPUIP, FPUCS and FOP. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_PUSH_OVERFLOW() \
    iemFpuStackPushOverflow(pVCpu)
/** Raises a FPU stack overflow exception as part of a push attempt.  Sets
 *  FPUIP, FPUCS, FOP, FPUDP and FPUDS. */
#define IEM_MC_FPU_STACK_PUSH_OVERFLOW_MEM_OP(a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff) \
    iemFpuStackPushOverflowWithMemOp(pVCpu, a_iEffSeg, a_GCPtrEff)
/** Prepares for using the FPU state.
 * Ensures that we can use the host FPU in the current context (RC+R0.
 * Ensures the guest FPU state in the CPUMCTX is up to date. */
#define IEM_MC_PREPARE_FPU_USAGE()              iemFpuPrepareUsage(pVCpu)
/** Actualizes the guest FPU state so it can be accessed read-only fashion. */
#define IEM_MC_ACTUALIZE_FPU_STATE_FOR_READ()   iemFpuActualizeStateForRead(pVCpu)
/** Actualizes the guest FPU state so it can be accessed and modified. */
#define IEM_MC_ACTUALIZE_FPU_STATE_FOR_CHANGE() iemFpuActualizeStateForChange(pVCpu)

/** Prepares for using the SSE state.
 * Ensures that we can use the host SSE/FPU in the current context (RC+R0.
 * Ensures the guest SSE state in the CPUMCTX is up to date. */
#define IEM_MC_PREPARE_SSE_USAGE()              iemFpuPrepareUsageSse(pVCpu)
/** Actualizes the guest XMM0..15 and MXCSR register state for read-only access. */
#define IEM_MC_ACTUALIZE_SSE_STATE_FOR_READ()   iemFpuActualizeSseStateForRead(pVCpu)
/** Actualizes the guest XMM0..15 and MXCSR register state for read-write access. */
#define IEM_MC_ACTUALIZE_SSE_STATE_FOR_CHANGE() iemFpuActualizeSseStateForChange(pVCpu)

/** Prepares for using the AVX state.
 * Ensures that we can use the host AVX/FPU in the current context (RC+R0.
 * Ensures the guest AVX state in the CPUMCTX is up to date.
 * @note This will include the AVX512 state too when support for it is added
 *       due to the zero extending feature of VEX instruction. */
#define IEM_MC_PREPARE_AVX_USAGE()              iemFpuPrepareUsageAvx(pVCpu)
/** Actualizes the guest XMM0..15 and MXCSR register state for read-only access. */
#define IEM_MC_ACTUALIZE_AVX_STATE_FOR_READ()   iemFpuActualizeAvxStateForRead(pVCpu)
/** Actualizes the guest YMM0..15 and MXCSR register state for read-write access. */
#define IEM_MC_ACTUALIZE_AVX_STATE_FOR_CHANGE() iemFpuActualizeAvxStateForChange(pVCpu)

/**
 * Calls a MMX assembly implementation taking two visible arguments.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly MMX routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_MMX_AIMPL_2(a_pfnAImpl, a0, a1) \
    do { \
        IEM_MC_PREPARE_FPU_USAGE(); \
        a_pfnAImpl(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87, (a0), (a1)); \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Calls a MMX assembly implementation taking three visible arguments.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly MMX routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The third extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_MMX_AIMPL_3(a_pfnAImpl, a0, a1, a2) \
    do { \
        IEM_MC_PREPARE_FPU_USAGE(); \
        a_pfnAImpl(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87, (a0), (a1), (a2)); \
    } while (0)


/**
 * Calls a SSE assembly implementation taking two visible arguments.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly SSE routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_SSE_AIMPL_2(a_pfnAImpl, a0, a1) \
    do { \
        IEM_MC_PREPARE_SSE_USAGE(); \
        a_pfnAImpl(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87, (a0), (a1)); \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Calls a SSE assembly implementation taking three visible arguments.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly SSE routine.
 * @param   a0              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a1              The second extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The third extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_SSE_AIMPL_3(a_pfnAImpl, a0, a1, a2) \
    do { \
        IEM_MC_PREPARE_SSE_USAGE(); \
        a_pfnAImpl(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87, (a0), (a1), (a2)); \
    } while (0)


/** Declares implicit arguments for IEM_MC_CALL_AVX_AIMPL_2,
 *  IEM_MC_CALL_AVX_AIMPL_3, IEM_MC_CALL_AVX_AIMPL_4, ... */
#define IEM_MC_IMPLICIT_AVX_AIMPL_ARGS() \
    IEM_MC_ARG_CONST(PX86XSAVEAREA, pXState, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState, 0)

/**
 * Calls a AVX assembly implementation taking two visible arguments.
 *
 * There is one implicit zero'th argument, a pointer to the extended state.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly AVX routine.
 * @param   a1              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The second extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_AVX_AIMPL_2(a_pfnAImpl, a1, a2) \
    do { \
        IEM_MC_PREPARE_AVX_USAGE(); \
        a_pfnAImpl(pXState, (a1), (a2)); \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Calls a AVX assembly implementation taking three visible arguments.
 *
 * There is one implicit zero'th argument, a pointer to the extended state.
 *
 * @param   a_pfnAImpl      Pointer to the assembly AVX routine.
 * @param   a1              The first extra argument.
 * @param   a2              The second extra argument.
 * @param   a3              The third extra argument.
 */
#define IEM_MC_CALL_AVX_AIMPL_3(a_pfnAImpl, a1, a2, a3) \
    do { \
        IEM_MC_PREPARE_AVX_USAGE(); \
        a_pfnAImpl(pXState, (a1), (a2), (a3)); \
    } while (0)

/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_EFL_BIT_SET(a_fBit)                   if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit)) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_EFL_BIT_NOT_SET(a_fBit)               if (!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit))) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_EFL_ANY_BITS_SET(a_fBits)             if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBits)) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_EFL_NO_BITS_SET(a_fBits)              if (!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBits))) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_EFL_BITS_NE(a_fBit1, a_fBit2)         \
    if (   !!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit1)) \
        != !!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit2)) ) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_EFL_BITS_EQ(a_fBit1, a_fBit2)         \
    if (   !!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit1)) \
        == !!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit2)) ) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_EFL_BIT_SET_OR_BITS_NE(a_fBit, a_fBit1, a_fBit2) \
    if (   (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit)) \
        ||    !!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit1)) \
           != !!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit2)) ) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_EFL_BIT_NOT_SET_AND_BITS_EQ(a_fBit, a_fBit1, a_fBit2) \
    if (   !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit)) \
        &&    !!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit1)) \
           == !!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & (a_fBit2)) ) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_CX_IS_NZ()                            if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cx != 0) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_ECX_IS_NZ()                           if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx != 0) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_RCX_IS_NZ()                           if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx != 0) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_CX_IS_NZ_AND_EFL_BIT_SET(a_fBit) \
        if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cx != 0 \
            && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & a_fBit)) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_ECX_IS_NZ_AND_EFL_BIT_SET(a_fBit) \
        if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx != 0 \
            && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & a_fBit)) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_RCX_IS_NZ_AND_EFL_BIT_SET(a_fBit) \
        if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx != 0 \
            && (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & a_fBit)) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_CX_IS_NZ_AND_EFL_BIT_NOT_SET(a_fBit) \
        if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cx != 0 \
            && !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & a_fBit)) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_ECX_IS_NZ_AND_EFL_BIT_NOT_SET(a_fBit) \
        if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx != 0 \
            && !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & a_fBit)) {
/** @note Not for IOPL or IF testing. */
#define IEM_MC_IF_RCX_IS_NZ_AND_EFL_BIT_NOT_SET(a_fBit) \
        if (   pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx != 0 \
            && !(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u & a_fBit)) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_LOCAL_IS_Z(a_Local)                   if ((a_Local) == 0) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_GREG_BIT_SET(a_iGReg, a_iBitNo)       if (iemGRegFetchU64(pVCpu, (a_iGReg)) & RT_BIT_64(a_iBitNo)) {

#define IEM_MC_REF_FPUREG(a_pr80Dst, a_iSt) \
    do { (a_pr80Dst) = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.aRegs[X86_FSW_TOP_GET_ST(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FSW, a_iSt)].r80; } while (0)
#define IEM_MC_IF_FPUREG_IS_EMPTY(a_iSt) \
    if (iemFpuStRegNotEmpty(pVCpu, (a_iSt)) != VINF_SUCCESS) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_FPUREG_NOT_EMPTY(a_iSt) \
    if (iemFpuStRegNotEmpty(pVCpu, (a_iSt)) == VINF_SUCCESS) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_FPUREG_IS_EMPTY(a_iSt) \
    if (iemFpuStRegNotEmpty(pVCpu, (a_iSt)) != VINF_SUCCESS) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_FPUREG_NOT_EMPTY_REF_R80(a_pr80Dst, a_iSt) \
    if (iemFpuStRegNotEmptyRef(pVCpu, (a_iSt), &(a_pr80Dst)) == VINF_SUCCESS) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_TWO_FPUREGS_NOT_EMPTY_REF_R80(a_pr80Dst0, a_iSt0, a_pr80Dst1, a_iSt1) \
    if (iemFpu2StRegsNotEmptyRef(pVCpu, (a_iSt0), &(a_pr80Dst0), (a_iSt1), &(a_pr80Dst1)) == VINF_SUCCESS) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_TWO_FPUREGS_NOT_EMPTY_REF_R80_FIRST(a_pr80Dst0, a_iSt0, a_iSt1) \
    if (iemFpu2StRegsNotEmptyRefFirst(pVCpu, (a_iSt0), &(a_pr80Dst0), (a_iSt1)) == VINF_SUCCESS) {
#define IEM_MC_IF_FCW_IM() \
    if (pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87.FCW & X86_FCW_IM) {

#define IEM_MC_ELSE()                                   } else {
#define IEM_MC_ENDIF()                                  } do {} while (0)

/** @}  */


/** @name   Opcode Debug Helpers.
 * @{
 */
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_STATISTICS
# ifdef IN_RING3
#  define IEMOP_INC_STATS(a_Stats) do { pVCpu->iem.s.StatsR3.a_Stats += 1; } while (0)
# else
#  define IEMOP_INC_STATS(a_Stats) do { pVCpu->iem.s.StatsRZ.a_Stats += 1; } while (0)
# endif
#else
# define IEMOP_INC_STATS(a_Stats) do { } while (0)
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG
# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic) \
    do { \
        IEMOP_INC_STATS(a_Stats); \
        Log4(("decode - %04x:%RGv %s%s [#%u]\n", pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, \
              pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK ? "lock " : "", a_szMnemonic, pVCpu->iem.s.cInstructions)); \
    } while (0)

# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC0EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    do { \
        IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(IEMOPFORM_, a_Form); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_,a_Upper); \
        (void)(a_fDisHints); \
        (void)(a_fIemHints); \
    } while (0)

# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC1EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    do { \
        IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(IEMOPFORM_, a_Form); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_,a_Upper); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op1); \
        (void)(a_fDisHints); \
        (void)(a_fIemHints); \
    } while (0)

# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC2EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    do { \
        IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(IEMOPFORM_, a_Form); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_,a_Upper); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op1); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op2); \
        (void)(a_fDisHints); \
        (void)(a_fIemHints); \
    } while (0)

# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC3EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_Op3, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    do { \
        IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(IEMOPFORM_, a_Form); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_,a_Upper); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op1); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op2); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op3); \
        (void)(a_fDisHints); \
        (void)(a_fIemHints); \
    } while (0)

# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC4EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_Op3, a_Op4, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    do { \
        IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(IEMOPFORM_, a_Form); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_,a_Upper); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op1); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op2); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op3); \
        (void)RT_CONCAT(OP_PARM_,a_Op4); \
        (void)(a_fDisHints); \
        (void)(a_fIemHints); \
    } while (0)

#else
# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic) IEMOP_INC_STATS(a_Stats)

# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC0EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
         IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic)
# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC1EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
         IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic)
# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC2EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
         IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic)
# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC3EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_Op3, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
         IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic)
# define IEMOP_MNEMONIC4EX(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic, a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_Op3, a_Op4, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
         IEMOP_MNEMONIC(a_Stats, a_szMnemonic)

#endif

#define IEMOP_MNEMONIC0(a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    IEMOP_MNEMONIC0EX(a_Lower, \
                      #a_Lower, \
                      a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints)
#define IEMOP_MNEMONIC1(a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    IEMOP_MNEMONIC1EX(RT_CONCAT3(a_Lower,_,a_Op1), \
                      #a_Lower " " #a_Op1, \
                      a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints)
#define IEMOP_MNEMONIC2(a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    IEMOP_MNEMONIC2EX(RT_CONCAT5(a_Lower,_,a_Op1,_,a_Op2), \
                      #a_Lower " " #a_Op1 "," #a_Op2, \
                      a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints)
#define IEMOP_MNEMONIC3(a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_Op3, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    IEMOP_MNEMONIC3EX(RT_CONCAT7(a_Lower,_,a_Op1,_,a_Op2,_,a_Op3), \
                      #a_Lower " " #a_Op1 "," #a_Op2 "," #a_Op3, \
                      a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_Op3, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints)
#define IEMOP_MNEMONIC4(a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_Op3, a_Op4, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints) \
    IEMOP_MNEMONIC4EX(RT_CONCAT9(a_Lower,_,a_Op1,_,a_Op2,_,a_Op3,_,a_Op4), \
                      #a_Lower " " #a_Op1 "," #a_Op2 "," #a_Op3 "," #a_Op4, \
                      a_Form, a_Upper, a_Lower, a_Op1, a_Op2, a_Op3, a_Op4, a_fDisHints, a_fIemHints)

/** @} */


/** @name   Opcode Helpers.
 * @{
 */

#ifdef IN_RING3
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(a_uMinCpu, a_fOnlyIf) \
    do { \
        if (IEM_GET_TARGET_CPU(pVCpu) >= (a_uMinCpu) || !(a_fOnlyIf)) { } \
        else \
        { \
            (void)DBGFSTOP(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)); \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
        } \
    } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(a_uMinCpu, a_fOnlyIf) \
    do { \
        if (IEM_GET_TARGET_CPU(pVCpu) >= (a_uMinCpu) || !(a_fOnlyIf)) { } \
        else return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } while (0)
#endif

/** The instruction requires a 186 or later. */
#if IEM_CFG_TARGET_CPU >= IEMTARGETCPU_186
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_186() do { } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_186() IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(IEMTARGETCPU_186, true)
#endif

/** The instruction requires a 286 or later. */
#if IEM_CFG_TARGET_CPU >= IEMTARGETCPU_286
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_286() do { } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_286() IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(IEMTARGETCPU_286, true)
#endif

/** The instruction requires a 386 or later. */
#if IEM_CFG_TARGET_CPU >= IEMTARGETCPU_386
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_386() do { } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_386() IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(IEMTARGETCPU_386, true)
#endif

/** The instruction requires a 386 or later if the given expression is true. */
#if IEM_CFG_TARGET_CPU >= IEMTARGETCPU_386
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_386_EX(a_fOnlyIf) do { } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_386_EX(a_fOnlyIf) IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(IEMTARGETCPU_386, a_fOnlyIf)
#endif

/** The instruction requires a 486 or later. */
#if IEM_CFG_TARGET_CPU >= IEMTARGETCPU_486
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_486() do { } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_486() IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(IEMTARGETCPU_486, true)
#endif

/** The instruction requires a Pentium (586) or later. */
#if IEM_CFG_TARGET_CPU >= IEMTARGETCPU_PENTIUM
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_586() do { } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_586() IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(IEMTARGETCPU_PENTIUM, true)
#endif

/** The instruction requires a PentiumPro (686) or later. */
#if IEM_CFG_TARGET_CPU >= IEMTARGETCPU_PPRO
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_686() do { } while (0)
#else
# define IEMOP_HLP_MIN_686() IEMOP_HLP_MIN_CPU(IEMTARGETCPU_PPRO, true)
#endif


/** The instruction raises an \#UD in real and V8086 mode. */
#define IEMOP_HLP_NO_REAL_OR_V86_MODE() \
    do \
    { \
        if (!IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu)) { /* likely */ } \
        else return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } while (0)

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
/** This instruction raises an \#UD in real and V8086 mode or when not using a
 *  64-bit code segment when in long mode (applicable to all VMX instructions
 *  except VMCALL).
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_VMX_INSTR(a_szInstr, a_InsDiagPrefix) \
    do \
    { \
        if (   !IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu) \
            && (  !IEM_IS_LONG_MODE(pVCpu) \
                || IEM_IS_64BIT_CODE(pVCpu))) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
        { \
            if (IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu)) \
            { \
                pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.hwvirt.vmx.enmDiag = a_InsDiagPrefix##_RealOrV86Mode; \
                Log5((a_szInstr ": Real or v8086 mode -> #UD\n")); \
                return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
            } \
            if (IEM_IS_LONG_MODE(pVCpu) && !IEM_IS_64BIT_CODE(pVCpu)) \
            { \
                pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.hwvirt.vmx.enmDiag = a_InsDiagPrefix##_LongModeCS; \
                Log5((a_szInstr ": Long mode without 64-bit code segment -> #UD\n")); \
                return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
            } \
        } \
    } while (0)

/** The instruction can only be executed in VMX operation (VMX root mode and
 * non-root mode).
 *
 *  @note Update IEM_VMX_IN_VMX_OPERATION if changes are made here.
 */
# define IEMOP_HLP_IN_VMX_OPERATION(a_szInstr, a_InsDiagPrefix) \
    do \
    { \
        if (IEM_VMX_IS_ROOT_MODE(pVCpu)) { /* likely */ } \
        else \
        { \
            pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.hwvirt.vmx.enmDiag = a_InsDiagPrefix##_VmxRoot; \
            Log5((a_szInstr ": Not in VMX operation (root mode) -> #UD\n")); \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
        } \
    } while (0)
#endif /* VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX */

/** The instruction is not available in 64-bit mode, throw \#UD if we're in
 * 64-bit mode. */
#define IEMOP_HLP_NO_64BIT() \
    do \
    { \
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT) \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } while (0)

/** The instruction is only available in 64-bit mode, throw \#UD if we're not in
 * 64-bit mode. */
#define IEMOP_HLP_ONLY_64BIT() \
    do \
    { \
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT) \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } while (0)

/** The instruction defaults to 64-bit operand size if 64-bit mode. */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DEFAULT_64BIT_OP_SIZE() \
    do \
    { \
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT) \
            iemRecalEffOpSize64Default(pVCpu); \
    } while (0)

/** The instruction has 64-bit operand size if 64-bit mode. */
#define IEMOP_HLP_64BIT_OP_SIZE() \
    do \
    { \
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT) \
            pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffOpSize = pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize = IEMMODE_64BIT; \
    } while (0)

/** Only a REX prefix immediately preceeding the first opcode byte takes
 * effect. This macro helps ensuring this as well as logging bad guest code.  */
#define IEMOP_HLP_CLEAR_REX_NOT_BEFORE_OPCODE(a_szPrf) \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_UNLIKELY(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_REX)) \
        { \
            Log5((a_szPrf ": Overriding REX prefix at %RX16! fPrefixes=%#x\n", pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes)); \
            pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes &= ~IEM_OP_PRF_REX_MASK; \
            pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB     = 0; \
            pVCpu->iem.s.uRexIndex = 0; \
            pVCpu->iem.s.uRexReg   = 0; \
            iemRecalEffOpSize(pVCpu); \
        } \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Done decoding.
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DONE_DECODING() \
    do \
    { \
        /*nothing for now, maybe later... */ \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Done decoding, raise \#UD exception if lock prefix present.
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DONE_DECODING_NO_LOCK_PREFIX() \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(!(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK))) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_LOCK_PREFIX(); \
    } while (0)


/**
 * Done decoding VEX instruction, raise \#UD exception if any lock, rex, repz,
 * repnz or size prefixes are present, or if in real or v8086 mode.
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DONE_VEX_DECODING() \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(   !(  pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes \
                           & (IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK | IEM_OP_PRF_REPZ | IEM_OP_PRF_REPNZ | IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP | IEM_OP_PRF_REX)) \
                      && !IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu) )) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_LOCK_PREFIX(); \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Done decoding VEX instruction, raise \#UD exception if any lock, rex, repz,
 * repnz or size prefixes are present, or if in real or v8086 mode.
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DONE_VEX_DECODING_L0() \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(   !(  pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes \
                           & (IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK | IEM_OP_PRF_REPZ | IEM_OP_PRF_REPNZ | IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP | IEM_OP_PRF_REX)) \
                      && !IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu) \
                      && pVCpu->iem.s.uVexLength == 0)) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_LOCK_PREFIX(); \
    } while (0)


/**
 * Done decoding VEX instruction, raise \#UD exception if any lock, rex, repz,
 * repnz or size prefixes are present, or if the VEX.VVVV field doesn't indicate
 * register 0, or if in real or v8086 mode.
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DONE_VEX_DECODING_NO_VVVV() \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(   !(  pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes \
                           & (IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK | IEM_OP_PRF_REPZ | IEM_OP_PRF_REPNZ | IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP | IEM_OP_PRF_REX)) \
                      && !pVCpu->iem.s.uVex3rdReg \
                      && !IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu) )) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_LOCK_PREFIX(); \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Done decoding VEX, no V, L=0.
 * Raises \#UD exception if rex, rep, opsize or lock prefixes are present, if
 * we're in real or v8086 mode, if VEX.V!=0xf, or if VEX.L!=0.
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DONE_VEX_DECODING_L0_AND_NO_VVVV() \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(   !(  pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes \
                           & (IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK | IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP | IEM_OP_PRF_REPZ | IEM_OP_PRF_REPNZ | IEM_OP_PRF_REX)) \
                      && pVCpu->iem.s.uVexLength == 0 \
                      && pVCpu->iem.s.uVex3rdReg == 0 \
                      && !IEM_IS_REAL_OR_V86_MODE(pVCpu))) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } while (0)

#define IEMOP_HLP_DECODED_NL_1(a_uDisOpNo, a_fIemOpFlags, a_uDisParam0, a_fDisOpType) \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(!(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK))) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
        { \
            NOREF(a_uDisOpNo); NOREF(a_fIemOpFlags); NOREF(a_uDisParam0); NOREF(a_fDisOpType); \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_LOCK_PREFIX(); \
        } \
    } while (0)
#define IEMOP_HLP_DECODED_NL_2(a_uDisOpNo, a_fIemOpFlags, a_uDisParam0, a_uDisParam1, a_fDisOpType) \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(!(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK))) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
        { \
            NOREF(a_uDisOpNo); NOREF(a_fIemOpFlags); NOREF(a_uDisParam0); NOREF(a_uDisParam1); NOREF(a_fDisOpType); \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_LOCK_PREFIX(); \
        } \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Done decoding, raise \#UD exception if any lock, repz or repnz prefixes
 * are present.
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DONE_DECODING_NO_LOCK_REPZ_OR_REPNZ_PREFIXES() \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(!(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & (IEM_OP_PRF_LOCK | IEM_OP_PRF_REPNZ | IEM_OP_PRF_REPZ)))) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } while (0)

/**
 * Done decoding, raise \#UD exception if any operand-size override, repz or repnz
 * prefixes are present.
 */
#define IEMOP_HLP_DONE_DECODING_NO_SIZE_OP_REPZ_OR_REPNZ_PREFIXES() \
    do \
    { \
        if (RT_LIKELY(!(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & (IEM_OP_PRF_SIZE_OP | IEM_OP_PRF_REPNZ | IEM_OP_PRF_REPZ)))) \
        { /* likely */ } \
        else \
            return IEMOP_RAISE_INVALID_OPCODE(); \
    } while (0)


/**
 * Calculates the effective address of a ModR/M memory operand.
 *
 * Meant to be used via IEM_MC_CALC_RM_EFF_ADDR.
 *
 * @return  Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   bRm                 The ModRM byte.
 * @param   cbImm               The size of any immediate following the
 *                              effective address opcode bytes. Important for
 *                              RIP relative addressing.
 * @param   pGCPtrEff           Where to return the effective address.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t bRm, uint8_t cbImm, PRTGCPTR pGCPtrEff)
{
    Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddr: bRm=%#x\n", bRm));
# define SET_SS_DEF() \
    do \
    { \
        if (!(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_SEG_MASK)) \
            pVCpu->iem.s.iEffSeg = X86_SREG_SS; \
    } while (0)

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
/** @todo Check the effective address size crap! */
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_16BIT)
        {
            uint16_t u16EffAddr;

            /* Handle the disp16 form with no registers first. */
            if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 6)
                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16(&u16EffAddr);
            else
            {
                /* Get the displacment. */
                switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
                {
                    case 0:  u16EffAddr = 0;                             break;
                    case 1:  IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U16(&u16EffAddr); break;
                    case 2:  IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16(&u16EffAddr);       break;
                    default: AssertFailedReturn(VERR_IEM_IPE_1); /* (caller checked for these) */
                }

                /* Add the base and index registers to the disp. */
                switch (bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)
                {
                    case 0: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si; break;
                    case 1: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di; break;
                    case 2: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 3: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 4: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si;            break;
                    case 5: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di;            break;
                    case 6: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp;            SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 7: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx;            break;
                }
            }

            *pGCPtrEff = u16EffAddr;
        }
        else
        {
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT);
            uint32_t u32EffAddr;

            /* Handle the disp32 form with no registers first. */
            if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 5)
                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32EffAddr);
            else
            {
                /* Get the register (or SIB) value. */
                switch ((bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK))
                {
                    case 0: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                    case 1: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                    case 2: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                    case 3: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                    case 4: /* SIB */
                    {
                        uint8_t bSib; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&bSib);

                        /* Get the index and scale it. */
                        switch ((bSib >> X86_SIB_INDEX_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_INDEX_SMASK)
                        {
                            case 0: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                            case 1: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                            case 2: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                            case 3: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                            case 4: u32EffAddr = 0; /*none */ break;
                            case 5: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp; break;
                            case 6: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                            case 7: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                            IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                        }
                        u32EffAddr <<= (bSib >> X86_SIB_SCALE_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_SCALE_SMASK;

                        /* add base */
                        switch (bSib & X86_SIB_BASE_MASK)
                        {
                            case 0: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                            case 1: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                            case 2: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                            case 3: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                            case 4: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                            case 5:
                                if ((bRm & X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK) != 0)
                                {
                                    u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp;
                                    SET_SS_DEF();
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    uint32_t u32Disp;
                                    IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                                    u32EffAddr += u32Disp;
                                }
                                break;
                            case 6: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                            case 7: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                            IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    case 5: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 6: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                    case 7: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                    IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                }

                /* Get and add the displacement. */
                switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
                {
                    case 0:
                        break;
                    case 1:
                    {
                        int8_t i8Disp; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8(&i8Disp);
                        u32EffAddr += i8Disp;
                        break;
                    }
                    case 2:
                    {
                        uint32_t u32Disp; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                        u32EffAddr += u32Disp;
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                        AssertFailedReturn(VERR_IEM_IPE_2); /* (caller checked for these) */
                }

            }
            if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT)
                *pGCPtrEff = u32EffAddr;
            else
            {
                Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_16BIT);
                *pGCPtrEff = u32EffAddr & UINT16_MAX;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        uint64_t u64EffAddr;

        /* Handle the rip+disp32 form with no registers first. */
        if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 5)
        {
            IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S32_SX_U64(&u64EffAddr);
            u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu) + cbImm;
        }
        else
        {
            /* Get the register (or SIB) value. */
            switch ((bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
            {
                case  0: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
                case  1: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
                case  2: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
                case  3: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
                case  5: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                case  6: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
                case  7: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
                case  8: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
                case  9: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
                case 10: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
                case 11: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
                case 13: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13; break;
                case 14: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
                case 15: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
                /* SIB */
                case 4:
                case 12:
                {
                    uint8_t bSib; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&bSib);

                    /* Get the index and scale it. */
                    switch (((bSib >> X86_SIB_INDEX_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_INDEX_SMASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexIndex)
                    {
                        case  0: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
                        case  1: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
                        case  2: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
                        case  3: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
                        case  4: u64EffAddr = 0; /*none */ break;
                        case  5: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp; break;
                        case  6: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
                        case  7: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
                        case  8: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
                        case  9: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
                        case 10: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
                        case 11: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
                        case 12: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r12; break;
                        case 13: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13; break;
                        case 14: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
                        case 15: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
                        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                    }
                    u64EffAddr <<= (bSib >> X86_SIB_SCALE_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_SCALE_SMASK;

                    /* add base */
                    switch ((bSib & X86_SIB_BASE_MASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
                    {
                        case  0: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
                        case  1: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
                        case  2: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
                        case  3: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
                        case  4: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                        case  6: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
                        case  7: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
                        case  8: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
                        case  9: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
                        case 10: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
                        case 11: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
                        case 12: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r12; break;
                        case 14: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
                        case 15: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
                        /* complicated encodings */
                        case 5:
                        case 13:
                            if ((bRm & X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK) != 0)
                            {
                                if (!pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
                                {
                                    u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp;
                                    SET_SS_DEF();
                                }
                                else
                                    u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                uint32_t u32Disp;
                                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                                u64EffAddr += (int32_t)u32Disp;
                            }
                            break;
                        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                    }
                    break;
                }
                IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
            }

            /* Get and add the displacement. */
            switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
            {
                case 0:
                    break;
                case 1:
                {
                    int8_t i8Disp;
                    IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8(&i8Disp);
                    u64EffAddr += i8Disp;
                    break;
                }
                case 2:
                {
                    uint32_t u32Disp;
                    IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                    u64EffAddr += (int32_t)u32Disp;
                    break;
                }
                IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET(); /* (caller checked for these) */
            }

        }

        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
            *pGCPtrEff = u64EffAddr;
        else
        {
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT);
            *pGCPtrEff = u64EffAddr & UINT32_MAX;
        }
    }

    Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddr: EffAddr=%#010RGv\n", *pGCPtrEff));
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Calculates the effective address of a ModR/M memory operand.
 *
 * Meant to be used via IEM_MC_CALC_RM_EFF_ADDR.
 *
 * @return  Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   bRm                 The ModRM byte.
 * @param   cbImm               The size of any immediate following the
 *                              effective address opcode bytes. Important for
 *                              RIP relative addressing.
 * @param   pGCPtrEff           Where to return the effective address.
 * @param   offRsp              RSP displacement.
 */
IEM_STATIC VBOXSTRICTRC iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrEx(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t bRm, uint8_t cbImm, PRTGCPTR pGCPtrEff, int8_t offRsp)
{
    Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddr: bRm=%#x\n", bRm));
# define SET_SS_DEF() \
    do \
    { \
        if (!(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_SEG_MASK)) \
            pVCpu->iem.s.iEffSeg = X86_SREG_SS; \
    } while (0)

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
/** @todo Check the effective address size crap! */
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_16BIT)
        {
            uint16_t u16EffAddr;

            /* Handle the disp16 form with no registers first. */
            if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 6)
                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16(&u16EffAddr);
            else
            {
                /* Get the displacment. */
                switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
                {
                    case 0:  u16EffAddr = 0;                             break;
                    case 1:  IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U16(&u16EffAddr); break;
                    case 2:  IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16(&u16EffAddr);       break;
                    default: AssertFailedReturn(VERR_IEM_IPE_1); /* (caller checked for these) */
                }

                /* Add the base and index registers to the disp. */
                switch (bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)
                {
                    case 0: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si; break;
                    case 1: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di; break;
                    case 2: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 3: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 4: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si;            break;
                    case 5: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di;            break;
                    case 6: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp;            SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 7: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx;            break;
                }
            }

            *pGCPtrEff = u16EffAddr;
        }
        else
        {
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT);
            uint32_t u32EffAddr;

            /* Handle the disp32 form with no registers first. */
            if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 5)
                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32EffAddr);
            else
            {
                /* Get the register (or SIB) value. */
                switch ((bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK))
                {
                    case 0: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                    case 1: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                    case 2: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                    case 3: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                    case 4: /* SIB */
                    {
                        uint8_t bSib; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&bSib);

                        /* Get the index and scale it. */
                        switch ((bSib >> X86_SIB_INDEX_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_INDEX_SMASK)
                        {
                            case 0: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                            case 1: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                            case 2: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                            case 3: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                            case 4: u32EffAddr = 0; /*none */ break;
                            case 5: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp; break;
                            case 6: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                            case 7: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                            IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                        }
                        u32EffAddr <<= (bSib >> X86_SIB_SCALE_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_SCALE_SMASK;

                        /* add base */
                        switch (bSib & X86_SIB_BASE_MASK)
                        {
                            case 0: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                            case 1: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                            case 2: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                            case 3: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                            case 4:
                                u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp + offRsp;
                                SET_SS_DEF();
                                break;
                            case 5:
                                if ((bRm & X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK) != 0)
                                {
                                    u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp;
                                    SET_SS_DEF();
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    uint32_t u32Disp;
                                    IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                                    u32EffAddr += u32Disp;
                                }
                                break;
                            case 6: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                            case 7: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                            IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    case 5: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 6: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                    case 7: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                    IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                }

                /* Get and add the displacement. */
                switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
                {
                    case 0:
                        break;
                    case 1:
                    {
                        int8_t i8Disp; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8(&i8Disp);
                        u32EffAddr += i8Disp;
                        break;
                    }
                    case 2:
                    {
                        uint32_t u32Disp; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                        u32EffAddr += u32Disp;
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                        AssertFailedReturn(VERR_IEM_IPE_2); /* (caller checked for these) */
                }

            }
            if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT)
                *pGCPtrEff = u32EffAddr;
            else
            {
                Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_16BIT);
                *pGCPtrEff = u32EffAddr & UINT16_MAX;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        uint64_t u64EffAddr;

        /* Handle the rip+disp32 form with no registers first. */
        if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 5)
        {
            IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S32_SX_U64(&u64EffAddr);
            u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu) + cbImm;
        }
        else
        {
            /* Get the register (or SIB) value. */
            switch ((bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
            {
                case  0: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
                case  1: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
                case  2: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
                case  3: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
                case  5: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                case  6: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
                case  7: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
                case  8: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
                case  9: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
                case 10: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
                case 11: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
                case 13: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13; break;
                case 14: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
                case 15: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
                /* SIB */
                case 4:
                case 12:
                {
                    uint8_t bSib; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&bSib);

                    /* Get the index and scale it. */
                    switch (((bSib >> X86_SIB_INDEX_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_INDEX_SMASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexIndex)
                    {
                        case  0: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
                        case  1: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
                        case  2: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
                        case  3: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
                        case  4: u64EffAddr = 0; /*none */ break;
                        case  5: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp; break;
                        case  6: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
                        case  7: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
                        case  8: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
                        case  9: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
                        case 10: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
                        case 11: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
                        case 12: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r12; break;
                        case 13: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13; break;
                        case 14: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
                        case 15: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
                        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                    }
                    u64EffAddr <<= (bSib >> X86_SIB_SCALE_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_SCALE_SMASK;

                    /* add base */
                    switch ((bSib & X86_SIB_BASE_MASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
                    {
                        case  0: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
                        case  1: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
                        case  2: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
                        case  3: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
                        case  4: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp + offRsp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                        case  6: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
                        case  7: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
                        case  8: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
                        case  9: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
                        case 10: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
                        case 11: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
                        case 12: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r12; break;
                        case 14: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
                        case 15: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
                        /* complicated encodings */
                        case 5:
                        case 13:
                            if ((bRm & X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK) != 0)
                            {
                                if (!pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
                                {
                                    u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp;
                                    SET_SS_DEF();
                                }
                                else
                                    u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                uint32_t u32Disp;
                                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                                u64EffAddr += (int32_t)u32Disp;
                            }
                            break;
                        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
                    }
                    break;
                }
                IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
            }

            /* Get and add the displacement. */
            switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
            {
                case 0:
                    break;
                case 1:
                {
                    int8_t i8Disp;
                    IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8(&i8Disp);
                    u64EffAddr += i8Disp;
                    break;
                }
                case 2:
                {
                    uint32_t u32Disp;
                    IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                    u64EffAddr += (int32_t)u32Disp;
                    break;
                }
                IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET(); /* (caller checked for these) */
            }

        }

        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
            *pGCPtrEff = u64EffAddr;
        else
        {
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT);
            *pGCPtrEff = u64EffAddr & UINT32_MAX;
        }
    }

    Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddr: EffAddr=%#010RGv\n", *pGCPtrEff));
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
/**
 * Calculates the effective address of a ModR/M memory operand.
 *
 * Meant to be used via IEM_MC_CALC_RM_EFF_ADDR.
 *
 * May longjmp on internal error.
 *
 * @return  The effective address.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   bRm                 The ModRM byte.
 * @param   cbImm               The size of any immediate following the
 *                              effective address opcode bytes. Important for
 *                              RIP relative addressing.
 */
IEM_STATIC RTGCPTR iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrJmp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t bRm, uint8_t cbImm)
{
    Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrJmp: bRm=%#x\n", bRm));
# define SET_SS_DEF() \
    do \
    { \
        if (!(pVCpu->iem.s.fPrefixes & IEM_OP_PRF_SEG_MASK)) \
            pVCpu->iem.s.iEffSeg = X86_SREG_SS; \
    } while (0)

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode != IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
/** @todo Check the effective address size crap! */
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_16BIT)
        {
            uint16_t u16EffAddr;

            /* Handle the disp16 form with no registers first. */
            if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 6)
                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16(&u16EffAddr);
            else
            {
                /* Get the displacment. */
                switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
                {
                    case 0:  u16EffAddr = 0;                             break;
                    case 1:  IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8_SX_U16(&u16EffAddr); break;
                    case 2:  IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U16(&u16EffAddr);       break;
                    default: AssertFailedStmt(longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VERR_IEM_IPE_1)); /* (caller checked for these) */
                }

                /* Add the base and index registers to the disp. */
                switch (bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)
                {
                    case 0: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si; break;
                    case 1: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di; break;
                    case 2: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 3: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp + pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 4: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.si;            break;
                    case 5: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.di;            break;
                    case 6: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bp;            SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case 7: u16EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.bx;            break;
                }
            }

            Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrJmp: EffAddr=%#06RX16\n", u16EffAddr));
            return u16EffAddr;
        }

        Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT);
        uint32_t u32EffAddr;

        /* Handle the disp32 form with no registers first. */
        if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 5)
            IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32EffAddr);
        else
        {
            /* Get the register (or SIB) value. */
            switch ((bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK))
            {
                case 0: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                case 1: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                case 2: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                case 3: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                case 4: /* SIB */
                {
                    uint8_t bSib; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&bSib);

                    /* Get the index and scale it. */
                    switch ((bSib >> X86_SIB_INDEX_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_INDEX_SMASK)
                    {
                        case 0: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                        case 1: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                        case 2: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                        case 3: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                        case 4: u32EffAddr = 0; /*none */ break;
                        case 5: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp; break;
                        case 6: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                        case 7: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET2(RTGCPTR_MAX);
                    }
                    u32EffAddr <<= (bSib >> X86_SIB_SCALE_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_SCALE_SMASK;

                    /* add base */
                    switch (bSib & X86_SIB_BASE_MASK)
                    {
                        case 0: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax; break;
                        case 1: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx; break;
                        case 2: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx; break;
                        case 3: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx; break;
                        case 4: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                        case 5:
                            if ((bRm & X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK) != 0)
                            {
                                u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp;
                                SET_SS_DEF();
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                uint32_t u32Disp;
                                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                                u32EffAddr += u32Disp;
                            }
                            break;
                        case 6: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                        case 7: u32EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET2(RTGCPTR_MAX);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case 5: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                case 6: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi; break;
                case 7: u32EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi; break;
                IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET2(RTGCPTR_MAX);
            }

            /* Get and add the displacement. */
            switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
            {
                case 0:
                    break;
                case 1:
                {
                    int8_t i8Disp; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8(&i8Disp);
                    u32EffAddr += i8Disp;
                    break;
                }
                case 2:
                {
                    uint32_t u32Disp; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                    u32EffAddr += u32Disp;
                    break;
                }
                default:
                    AssertFailedStmt(longjmp(*pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf), VERR_IEM_IPE_2)); /* (caller checked for these) */
            }
        }

        if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT)
        {
            Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrJmp: EffAddr=%#010RX32\n", u32EffAddr));
            return u32EffAddr;
        }
        Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_16BIT);
        Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrJmp: EffAddr=%#06RX32\n", u32EffAddr & UINT16_MAX));
        return u32EffAddr & UINT16_MAX;
    }

    uint64_t u64EffAddr;

    /* Handle the rip+disp32 form with no registers first. */
    if ((bRm & (X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK | X86_MODRM_RM_MASK)) == 5)
    {
        IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S32_SX_U64(&u64EffAddr);
        u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip + IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu) + cbImm;
    }
    else
    {
        /* Get the register (or SIB) value. */
        switch ((bRm & X86_MODRM_RM_MASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
        {
            case  0: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
            case  1: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
            case  2: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
            case  3: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
            case  5: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
            case  6: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
            case  7: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
            case  8: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
            case  9: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
            case 10: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
            case 11: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
            case 13: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13; break;
            case 14: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
            case 15: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
            /* SIB */
            case 4:
            case 12:
            {
                uint8_t bSib; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&bSib);

                /* Get the index and scale it. */
                switch (((bSib >> X86_SIB_INDEX_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_INDEX_SMASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexIndex)
                {
                    case  0: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
                    case  1: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
                    case  2: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
                    case  3: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
                    case  4: u64EffAddr = 0; /*none */ break;
                    case  5: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp; break;
                    case  6: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
                    case  7: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
                    case  8: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
                    case  9: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
                    case 10: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
                    case 11: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
                    case 12: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r12; break;
                    case 13: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13; break;
                    case 14: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
                    case 15: u64EffAddr = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
                    IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET2(RTGCPTR_MAX);
                }
                u64EffAddr <<= (bSib >> X86_SIB_SCALE_SHIFT) & X86_SIB_SCALE_SMASK;

                /* add base */
                switch ((bSib & X86_SIB_BASE_MASK) | pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
                {
                    case  0: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rax; break;
                    case  1: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rcx; break;
                    case  2: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdx; break;
                    case  3: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbx; break;
                    case  4: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp; SET_SS_DEF(); break;
                    case  6: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsi; break;
                    case  7: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rdi; break;
                    case  8: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r8;  break;
                    case  9: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r9;  break;
                    case 10: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r10; break;
                    case 11: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r11; break;
                    case 12: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r12; break;
                    case 14: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r14; break;
                    case 15: u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r15; break;
                    /* complicated encodings */
                    case 5:
                    case 13:
                        if ((bRm & X86_MODRM_MOD_MASK) != 0)
                        {
                            if (!pVCpu->iem.s.uRexB)
                            {
                                u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rbp;
                                SET_SS_DEF();
                            }
                            else
                                u64EffAddr += pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.r13;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            uint32_t u32Disp;
                            IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                            u64EffAddr += (int32_t)u32Disp;
                        }
                        break;
                    IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET2(RTGCPTR_MAX);
                }
                break;
            }
            IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET2(RTGCPTR_MAX);
        }

        /* Get and add the displacement. */
        switch ((bRm >> X86_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT) & X86_MODRM_MOD_SMASK)
        {
            case 0:
                break;
            case 1:
            {
                int8_t i8Disp;
                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_S8(&i8Disp);
                u64EffAddr += i8Disp;
                break;
            }
            case 2:
            {
                uint32_t u32Disp;
                IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U32(&u32Disp);
                u64EffAddr += (int32_t)u32Disp;
                break;
            }
            IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET2(RTGCPTR_MAX); /* (caller checked for these) */
        }

    }

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_64BIT)
    {
        Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrJmp: EffAddr=%#010RGv\n", u64EffAddr));
        return u64EffAddr;
    }
    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.enmEffAddrMode == IEMMODE_32BIT);
    Log5(("iemOpHlpCalcRmEffAddrJmp: EffAddr=%#010RGv\n", u64EffAddr & UINT32_MAX));
    return u64EffAddr & UINT32_MAX;
}
#endif /* IEM_WITH_SETJMP */

/** @}  */



/*
 * Include the instructions
 */
#include "IEMAllInstructions.cpp.h"



#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
/**
 * Logs the current instruction.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   fSameCtx    Set if we have the same context information as the VMM,
 *                      clear if we may have already executed an instruction in
 *                      our debug context. When clear, we assume IEMCPU holds
 *                      valid CPU mode info.
 *
 *                      The @a fSameCtx parameter is now misleading and obsolete.
 * @param   pszFunction The IEM function doing the execution.
 */
IEM_STATIC void iemLogCurInstr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, bool fSameCtx, const char *pszFunction)
{
# ifdef IN_RING3
    if (LogIs2Enabled())
    {
        char     szInstr[256];
        uint32_t cbInstr = 0;
        if (fSameCtx)
            DBGFR3DisasInstrEx(pVCpu->pVMR3->pUVM, pVCpu->idCpu, 0, 0,
                               DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_CURRENT_GUEST | DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_DEFAULT_MODE,
                               szInstr, sizeof(szInstr), &cbInstr);
        else
        {
            uint32_t fFlags = 0;
            switch (pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode)
            {
                case IEMMODE_64BIT: fFlags |= DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_64BIT_MODE; break;
                case IEMMODE_32BIT: fFlags |= DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_32BIT_MODE; break;
                case IEMMODE_16BIT:
                    if (!(pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cr0 & X86_CR0_PE) || pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1VM)
                        fFlags |= DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_16BIT_REAL_MODE;
                    else
                        fFlags |= DBGF_DISAS_FLAGS_16BIT_MODE;
                    break;
            }
            DBGFR3DisasInstrEx(pVCpu->pVMR3->pUVM, pVCpu->idCpu, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, fFlags,
                               szInstr, sizeof(szInstr), &cbInstr);
        }

        PCX86FXSTATE pFpuCtx = &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.XState.x87;
        Log2(("**** %s\n"
              " eax=%08x ebx=%08x ecx=%08x edx=%08x esi=%08x edi=%08x\n"
              " eip=%08x esp=%08x ebp=%08x iopl=%d tr=%04x\n"
              " cs=%04x ss=%04x ds=%04x es=%04x fs=%04x gs=%04x efl=%08x\n"
              " fsw=%04x fcw=%04x ftw=%02x mxcsr=%04x/%04x\n"
              " %s\n"
              , pszFunction,
              pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eax, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebx, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ecx, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edx, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esi, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.edi,
              pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.esp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ebp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u2IOPL, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.tr.Sel,
              pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ds.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.es.Sel,
              pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.fs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.gs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u,
              pFpuCtx->FSW, pFpuCtx->FCW, pFpuCtx->FTW, pFpuCtx->MXCSR, pFpuCtx->MXCSR_MASK,
              szInstr));

        if (LogIs3Enabled())
            DBGFR3InfoEx(pVCpu->pVMR3->pUVM, pVCpu->idCpu, "cpumguest", "verbose", NULL);
    }
    else
# endif
        LogFlow(("%s: cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 ss:rsp=%04x:%08RX64 EFL=%06x\n", pszFunction, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel,
                 pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u));
    RT_NOREF_PV(pVCpu); RT_NOREF_PV(fSameCtx);
}
#endif /* LOG_ENABLED */


#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
/**
 * Deals with VMCPU_FF_VMX_APIC_WRITE, VMCPU_FF_VMX_MTF, VMCPU_FF_VMX_NMI_WINDOW,
 * VMCPU_FF_VMX_PREEMPT_TIMER and VMCPU_FF_VMX_INT_WINDOW.
 *
 * @returns Modified rcStrict.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   rcStrict    The instruction execution status.
 */
static VBOXSTRICTRC iemHandleNestedInstructionBoundraryFFs(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict)
{
    Assert(CPUMIsGuestInVmxNonRootMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)));
    if (!VMCPU_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_APIC_WRITE | VMCPU_FF_VMX_MTF))
    {
        /* VMX preemption timer takes priority over NMI-window exits. */
        if (VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_PREEMPT_TIMER))
        {
            rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitPreemptTimer(pVCpu);
            Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_PREEMPT_TIMER));
        }
        /*
         * Check remaining intercepts.
         *
         * NMI-window and Interrupt-window VM-exits.
         * Interrupt shadow (block-by-STI and Mov SS) inhibits interrupts and may also block NMIs.
         * Event injection during VM-entry takes priority over NMI-window and interrupt-window VM-exits.
         *
         * See Intel spec. 26.7.6 "NMI-Window Exiting".
         * See Intel spec. 26.7.5 "Interrupt-Window Exiting and Virtual-Interrupt Delivery".
         */
        else if (   VMCPU_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_NMI_WINDOW | VMCPU_FF_VMX_INT_WINDOW)
                 && !VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_INHIBIT_INTERRUPTS)
                 && !TRPMHasTrap(pVCpu))
        {
            Assert(CPUMIsGuestVmxInterceptEvents(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx));
            if (   VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_NMI_WINDOW)
                && CPUMIsGuestVmxVirtNmiBlocking(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx))
            {
                rcStrict = iemVmxVmexit(pVCpu, VMX_EXIT_NMI_WINDOW, 0 /* u64ExitQual */);
                Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_NMI_WINDOW));
            }
            else if (   VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_INT_WINDOW)
                     && CPUMIsGuestVmxVirtIntrEnabled(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx))
            {
                rcStrict = iemVmxVmexit(pVCpu, VMX_EXIT_INT_WINDOW, 0 /* u64ExitQual */);
                Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_INT_WINDOW));
            }
        }
    }
    /* TPR-below threshold/APIC write has the highest priority. */
    else  if (VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_APIC_WRITE))
    {
        rcStrict = iemVmxApicWriteEmulation(pVCpu);
        Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_INHIBIT_INTERRUPTS));
        Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_APIC_WRITE));
    }
    /* MTF takes priority over VMX-preemption timer. */
    else
    {
        rcStrict = iemVmxVmexit(pVCpu, VMX_EXIT_MTF, 0 /* u64ExitQual */);
        Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_INHIBIT_INTERRUPTS));
        Assert(!VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_MTF));
    }
    return rcStrict;
}
#endif /* VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX */


/**
 * Makes status code addjustments (pass up from I/O and access handler)
 * as well as maintaining statistics.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code to pass up.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   rcStrict    The status from executing an instruction.
 */
DECL_FORCE_INLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict)
{
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
        {
            AssertMsg(   (rcStrict >= VINF_EM_FIRST && rcStrict <= VINF_EM_LAST)
                      || rcStrict == VINF_IOM_R3_IOPORT_READ
                      || rcStrict == VINF_IOM_R3_IOPORT_WRITE
                      || rcStrict == VINF_IOM_R3_IOPORT_COMMIT_WRITE
                      || rcStrict == VINF_IOM_R3_MMIO_READ
                      || rcStrict == VINF_IOM_R3_MMIO_READ_WRITE
                      || rcStrict == VINF_IOM_R3_MMIO_WRITE
                      || rcStrict == VINF_IOM_R3_MMIO_COMMIT_WRITE
                      || rcStrict == VINF_CPUM_R3_MSR_READ
                      || rcStrict == VINF_CPUM_R3_MSR_WRITE
                      || rcStrict == VINF_EM_RAW_EMULATE_INSTR
                      || rcStrict == VINF_EM_RAW_TO_R3
                      || rcStrict == VINF_EM_TRIPLE_FAULT
                      || rcStrict == VINF_GIM_R3_HYPERCALL
                      /* raw-mode / virt handlers only: */
                      || rcStrict == VINF_EM_RAW_EMULATE_INSTR_GDT_FAULT
                      || rcStrict == VINF_EM_RAW_EMULATE_INSTR_TSS_FAULT
                      || rcStrict == VINF_EM_RAW_EMULATE_INSTR_LDT_FAULT
                      || rcStrict == VINF_EM_RAW_EMULATE_INSTR_IDT_FAULT
                      || rcStrict == VINF_SELM_SYNC_GDT
                      || rcStrict == VINF_CSAM_PENDING_ACTION
                      || rcStrict == VINF_PATM_CHECK_PATCH_PAGE
                      /* nested hw.virt codes: */
                      || rcStrict == VINF_VMX_VMEXIT
                      || rcStrict == VINF_VMX_INTERCEPT_NOT_ACTIVE
                      || rcStrict == VINF_VMX_MODIFIES_BEHAVIOR
                      || rcStrict == VINF_SVM_VMEXIT
                      , ("rcStrict=%Rrc\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
/** @todo adjust for VINF_EM_RAW_EMULATE_INSTR. */
            int32_t const rcPassUp = pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp;
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
            if (   rcStrict == VINF_VMX_VMEXIT
                && rcPassUp == VINF_SUCCESS)
                rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
            else
#endif
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM
            if (   rcStrict == VINF_SVM_VMEXIT
                && rcPassUp == VINF_SUCCESS)
                rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
            else
#endif
            if (rcPassUp == VINF_SUCCESS)
                pVCpu->iem.s.cRetInfStatuses++;
            else if (   rcPassUp < VINF_EM_FIRST
                     || rcPassUp > VINF_EM_LAST
                     || rcPassUp < VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict))
            {
                Log(("IEM: rcPassUp=%Rrc! rcStrict=%Rrc\n", rcPassUp, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
                pVCpu->iem.s.cRetPassUpStatus++;
                rcStrict = rcPassUp;
            }
            else
            {
                Log(("IEM: rcPassUp=%Rrc  rcStrict=%Rrc!\n", rcPassUp, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
                pVCpu->iem.s.cRetInfStatuses++;
            }
        }
        else if (rcStrict == VERR_IEM_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
            pVCpu->iem.s.cRetAspectNotImplemented++;
        else if (rcStrict == VERR_IEM_INSTR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
            pVCpu->iem.s.cRetInstrNotImplemented++;
        else
            pVCpu->iem.s.cRetErrStatuses++;
    }
    else if (pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp != VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        pVCpu->iem.s.cRetPassUpStatus++;
        rcStrict = pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp;
    }

    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * The actual code execution bits of IEMExecOne, IEMExecOneEx, and
 * IEMExecOneWithPrefetchedByPC.
 *
 * Similar code is found in IEMExecLots.
 *
 * @return  Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   fExecuteInhibit     If set, execute the instruction following CLI,
 *                      POP SS and MOV SS,GR.
 * @param   pszFunction The calling function name.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemExecOneInner(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, bool fExecuteInhibit, const char *pszFunction)
{
    AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("0: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[0].GCPhysFirst));
    AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("1: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[1].GCPhysFirst));
    AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("2: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[2].GCPhysFirst));
    RT_NOREF_PV(pszFunction);

#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    jmp_buf      JmpBuf;
    jmp_buf     *pSavedJmpBuf  = pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf);
    pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf) = &JmpBuf;
    if ((rcStrict = setjmp(JmpBuf)) == 0)
    {
        uint8_t b; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&b);
        rcStrict = FNIEMOP_CALL(g_apfnOneByteMap[b]);
    }
    else
        pVCpu->iem.s.cLongJumps++;
    pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf) = pSavedJmpBuf;
#else
    uint8_t b; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&b);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = FNIEMOP_CALL(g_apfnOneByteMap[b]);
#endif
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        pVCpu->iem.s.cInstructions++;
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
    {
        Assert(rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS);
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
    }
    AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("0: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[0].GCPhysFirst));
    AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("1: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[1].GCPhysFirst));
    AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("2: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[2].GCPhysFirst));

//#ifdef DEBUG
//    AssertMsg(IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu) == cbInstr || rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS, ("%u %u\n", IEM_GET_INSTR_LEN(pVCpu), cbInstr));
//#endif

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
    /*
     * Perform any VMX nested-guest instruction boundary actions.
     *
     * If any of these causes a VM-exit, we must skip executing the next
     * instruction (would run into stale page tables). A VM-exit makes sure
     * there is no interrupt-inhibition, so that should ensure we don't go
     * to try execute the next instruction. Clearing fExecuteInhibit is
     * problematic because of the setjmp/longjmp clobbering above.
     */
    if (   rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS
        && VMCPU_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_VMX_APIC_WRITE | VMCPU_FF_VMX_MTF | VMCPU_FF_VMX_PREEMPT_TIMER
                                    | VMCPU_FF_VMX_INT_WINDOW | VMCPU_FF_VMX_NMI_WINDOW))
        rcStrict = iemHandleNestedInstructionBoundraryFFs(pVCpu, rcStrict);
#endif

    /* Execute the next instruction as well if a cli, pop ss or
       mov ss, Gr has just completed successfully. */
    if (   fExecuteInhibit
        && rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS
        && VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_INHIBIT_INTERRUPTS)
        && EMIsInhibitInterruptsActive(pVCpu))
    {
        rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, pVCpu->iem.s.fBypassHandlers, pVCpu->iem.s.fDisregardLock);
        if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        {
#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
            iemLogCurInstr(pVCpu, false, pszFunction);
#endif
#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
            pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf) = &JmpBuf;
            if ((rcStrict = setjmp(JmpBuf)) == 0)
            {
                uint8_t b; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&b);
                rcStrict = FNIEMOP_CALL(g_apfnOneByteMap[b]);
            }
            else
                pVCpu->iem.s.cLongJumps++;
            pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf) = pSavedJmpBuf;
#else
            IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&b);
            rcStrict = FNIEMOP_CALL(g_apfnOneByteMap[b]);
#endif
            if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
                pVCpu->iem.s.cInstructions++;
            if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
            {
                Assert(rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS);
                iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
            }
            AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("0: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[0].GCPhysFirst));
            AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("1: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[1].GCPhysFirst));
            AssertMsg(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INVALID, ("2: %#x %RGp\n", pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[2].GCPhysFirst));
        }
        else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
            iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
        VMCPU_FF_CLEAR(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_INHIBIT_INTERRUPTS); /* hope this is correct for all exceptional cases... */
    }

    /*
     * Return value fiddling, statistics and sanity assertions.
     */
    rcStrict = iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);

    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs));
    Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss));
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Execute one instruction.
 *
 * @return  Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 */
VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecOne(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    AssertCompile(sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s) <= sizeof(pVCpu->iem.padding)); /* (tstVMStruct can't do it's job w/o instruction stats) */
#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
    iemLogCurInstr(pVCpu, true, "IEMExecOne");
#endif

    /*
     * Do the decoding and emulation.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, false, false);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        rcStrict = iemExecOneInner(pVCpu, true, "IEMExecOne");
    else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        LogFlow(("IEMExecOne: cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 ss:rsp=%04x:%08RX64 EFL=%06x - rcStrict=%Rrc\n",
                 pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
    return rcStrict;
}


VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecOneEx(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMCTXCORE pCtxCore, uint32_t *pcbWritten)
{
    AssertReturn(CPUMCTX2CORE(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)) == pCtxCore, VERR_IEM_IPE_3);

    uint32_t const cbOldWritten = pVCpu->iem.s.cbWritten;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, false, false);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        rcStrict = iemExecOneInner(pVCpu, true, "IEMExecOneEx");
        if (pcbWritten)
            *pcbWritten = pVCpu->iem.s.cbWritten - cbOldWritten;
    }
    else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    return rcStrict;
}


VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecOneWithPrefetchedByPC(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMCTXCORE pCtxCore, uint64_t OpcodeBytesPC,
                                                   const void *pvOpcodeBytes, size_t cbOpcodeBytes)
{
    AssertReturn(CPUMCTX2CORE(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)) == pCtxCore, VERR_IEM_IPE_3);

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    if (   cbOpcodeBytes
        && pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip == OpcodeBytesPC)
    {
        iemInitDecoder(pVCpu, false, false);
#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
        pVCpu->iem.s.uInstrBufPc      = OpcodeBytesPC;
        pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf       = (uint8_t const *)pvOpcodeBytes;
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal  = (uint16_t)RT_MIN(X86_PAGE_SIZE, cbOpcodeBytes);
        pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart = 0;
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = 0;
#else
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = (uint8_t)RT_MIN(cbOpcodeBytes, sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode));
        memcpy(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode, pvOpcodeBytes, pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode);
#endif
        rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    else
        rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, false, false);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        rcStrict = iemExecOneInner(pVCpu, true, "IEMExecOneWithPrefetchedByPC");
    else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    return rcStrict;
}


VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecOneBypassEx(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMCTXCORE pCtxCore, uint32_t *pcbWritten)
{
    AssertReturn(CPUMCTX2CORE(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)) == pCtxCore, VERR_IEM_IPE_3);

    uint32_t const cbOldWritten = pVCpu->iem.s.cbWritten;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, true, false);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        rcStrict = iemExecOneInner(pVCpu, false, "IEMExecOneBypassEx");
        if (pcbWritten)
            *pcbWritten = pVCpu->iem.s.cbWritten - cbOldWritten;
    }
    else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    return rcStrict;
}


VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecOneBypassWithPrefetchedByPC(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMCTXCORE pCtxCore, uint64_t OpcodeBytesPC,
                                                         const void *pvOpcodeBytes, size_t cbOpcodeBytes)
{
    AssertReturn(CPUMCTX2CORE(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)) == pCtxCore, VERR_IEM_IPE_3);

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    if (   cbOpcodeBytes
        && pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip == OpcodeBytesPC)
    {
        iemInitDecoder(pVCpu, true, false);
#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
        pVCpu->iem.s.uInstrBufPc      = OpcodeBytesPC;
        pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf       = (uint8_t const *)pvOpcodeBytes;
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal  = (uint16_t)RT_MIN(X86_PAGE_SIZE, cbOpcodeBytes);
        pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart = 0;
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = 0;
#else
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = (uint8_t)RT_MIN(cbOpcodeBytes, sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode));
        memcpy(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode, pvOpcodeBytes, pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode);
#endif
        rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    else
        rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, true, false);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        rcStrict = iemExecOneInner(pVCpu, false, "IEMExecOneBypassWithPrefetchedByPC");
    else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * For debugging DISGetParamSize, may come in handy.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the
 *                          calling EMT.
 * @param   pCtxCore        The context core structure.
 * @param   OpcodeBytesPC   The PC of the opcode bytes.
 * @param   pvOpcodeBytes   Prefeched opcode bytes.
 * @param   cbOpcodeBytes   Number of prefetched bytes.
 * @param   pcbWritten      Where to return the number of bytes written.
 *                          Optional.
 */
VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecOneBypassWithPrefetchedByPCWritten(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMCTXCORE pCtxCore, uint64_t OpcodeBytesPC,
                                                                const void *pvOpcodeBytes, size_t cbOpcodeBytes,
                                                                uint32_t *pcbWritten)
{
    AssertReturn(CPUMCTX2CORE(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)) == pCtxCore, VERR_IEM_IPE_3);

    uint32_t const cbOldWritten = pVCpu->iem.s.cbWritten;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    if (   cbOpcodeBytes
        && pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip == OpcodeBytesPC)
    {
        iemInitDecoder(pVCpu, true, false);
#ifdef IEM_WITH_CODE_TLB
        pVCpu->iem.s.uInstrBufPc      = OpcodeBytesPC;
        pVCpu->iem.s.pbInstrBuf       = (uint8_t const *)pvOpcodeBytes;
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbInstrBufTotal  = (uint16_t)RT_MIN(X86_PAGE_SIZE, cbOpcodeBytes);
        pVCpu->iem.s.offCurInstrStart = 0;
        pVCpu->iem.s.offInstrNextByte = 0;
#else
        pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode = (uint8_t)RT_MIN(cbOpcodeBytes, sizeof(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode));
        memcpy(pVCpu->iem.s.abOpcode, pvOpcodeBytes, pVCpu->iem.s.cbOpcode);
#endif
        rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    else
        rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, true, false);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
        rcStrict = iemExecOneInner(pVCpu, false, "IEMExecOneBypassWithPrefetchedByPCWritten");
        if (pcbWritten)
            *pcbWritten = pVCpu->iem.s.cbWritten - cbOldWritten;
    }
    else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * For handling split cacheline lock operations when the host has split-lock
 * detection enabled.
 *
 * This will cause the interpreter to disregard the lock prefix and implicit
 * locking (xchg).
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu   The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 */
VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecOneIgnoreLock(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    /*
     * Do the decoding and emulation.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, false, true /*fDisregardLock*/);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        rcStrict = iemExecOneInner(pVCpu, true, "IEMExecOneIgnoreLock");
    else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        LogFlow(("IEMExecOneIgnoreLock: cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 ss:rsp=%04x:%08RX64 EFL=%06x - rcStrict=%Rrc\n",
                 pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
    return rcStrict;
}


VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecLots(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t cMaxInstructions, uint32_t cPollRate, uint32_t *pcInstructions)
{
    uint32_t const cInstructionsAtStart = pVCpu->iem.s.cInstructions;
    AssertMsg(RT_IS_POWER_OF_TWO(cPollRate + 1), ("%#x\n", cPollRate));

    /*
     * See if there is an interrupt pending in TRPM, inject it if we can.
     */
    /** @todo Can we centralize this under CPUMCanInjectInterrupt()? */
#if defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM) || defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX)
    bool fIntrEnabled = CPUMGetGuestGif(&pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx);
    if (fIntrEnabled)
    {
        if (!CPUMIsGuestInNestedHwvirtMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)))
            fIntrEnabled = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1IF;
        else if (CPUMIsGuestInVmxNonRootMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)))
            fIntrEnabled = CPUMIsGuestVmxPhysIntrEnabled(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu));
        else
        {
            Assert(CPUMIsGuestInSvmNestedHwVirtMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)));
            fIntrEnabled = CPUMIsGuestSvmPhysIntrEnabled(pVCpu, IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu));
        }
    }
#else
    bool fIntrEnabled = pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.Bits.u1IF;
#endif

    /** @todo What if we are injecting an exception and not an interrupt? Is that
     *        possible here? For now we assert it is indeed only an interrupt. */
    if (   fIntrEnabled
        && TRPMHasTrap(pVCpu)
        && EMGetInhibitInterruptsPC(pVCpu) != pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip)
    {
        uint8_t     u8TrapNo;
        TRPMEVENT   enmType;
        uint32_t    uErrCode;
        RTGCPTR     uCr2;
        int rc2 = TRPMQueryTrapAll(pVCpu, &u8TrapNo, &enmType, &uErrCode, &uCr2, NULL /* pu8InstLen */, NULL /* fIcebp */);
        AssertRC(rc2);
        Assert(enmType == TRPM_HARDWARE_INT);
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEMInjectTrap(pVCpu, u8TrapNo, enmType, (uint16_t)uErrCode, uCr2, 0 /* cbInstr */);
        TRPMResetTrap(pVCpu);
#if defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM) || defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX)
        /* Injecting an event may cause a VM-exit. */
        if (   rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS
            && rcStrict != VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT)
            return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
#else
        NOREF(rcStrict);
#endif
    }

    /*
     * Initial decoder init w/ prefetch, then setup setjmp.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, false, false);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
        jmp_buf         JmpBuf;
        jmp_buf        *pSavedJmpBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf);
        pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf)   = &JmpBuf;
        pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings     = 0;
        if ((rcStrict = setjmp(JmpBuf)) == 0)
#endif
        {
            /*
             * The run loop.  We limit ourselves to 4096 instructions right now.
             */
            uint32_t cMaxInstructionsGccStupidity = cMaxInstructions;
            PVMCC pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
            for (;;)
            {
                /*
                 * Log the state.
                 */
#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
                iemLogCurInstr(pVCpu, true, "IEMExecLots");
#endif

                /*
                 * Do the decoding and emulation.
                 */
                uint8_t b; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&b);
                rcStrict = FNIEMOP_CALL(g_apfnOneByteMap[b]);
                if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS))
                {
                    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0);
                    pVCpu->iem.s.cInstructions++;
                    if (RT_LIKELY(pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp == VINF_SUCCESS))
                    {
                        uint64_t fCpu = pVCpu->fLocalForcedActions
                                      & ( VMCPU_FF_ALL_MASK & ~(  VMCPU_FF_PGM_SYNC_CR3
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_PGM_SYNC_CR3_NON_GLOBAL
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_TLB_FLUSH
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_INHIBIT_INTERRUPTS
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_BLOCK_NMIS
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_UNHALT ));

                        if (RT_LIKELY(   (   !fCpu
                                          || (   !(fCpu & ~(VMCPU_FF_INTERRUPT_APIC | VMCPU_FF_INTERRUPT_PIC))
                                              && !pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rflags.Bits.u1IF) )
                                      && !VM_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVM, VM_FF_ALL_MASK) ))
                        {
                            if (cMaxInstructionsGccStupidity-- > 0)
                            {
                                /* Poll timers every now an then according to the caller's specs. */
                                if (   (cMaxInstructionsGccStupidity & cPollRate) != 0
                                    || !TMTimerPollBool(pVM, pVCpu))
                                {
                                    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0);
                                    iemReInitDecoder(pVCpu);
                                    continue;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0);
                }
                else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
                        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
                rcStrict = iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                break;
            }
        }
#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
        else
        {
            if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
                iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
# if defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM) || defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX)
            rcStrict = iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
# endif
            pVCpu->iem.s.cLongJumps++;
        }
        pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf) = pSavedJmpBuf;
#endif

        /*
         * Assert hidden register sanity (also done in iemInitDecoder and iemReInitDecoder).
         */
        Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs));
        Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss));
    }
    else
    {
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
            iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

#if defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM) || defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX)
        /*
         * When a nested-guest causes an exception intercept (e.g. #PF) when fetching
         * code as part of instruction execution, we need this to fix-up VINF_SVM_VMEXIT.
         */
        rcStrict = iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
#endif
    }

    /*
     * Maybe re-enter raw-mode and log.
     */
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        LogFlow(("IEMExecLots: cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 ss:rsp=%04x:%08RX64 EFL=%06x - rcStrict=%Rrc\n",
                 pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
    if (pcInstructions)
        *pcInstructions = pVCpu->iem.s.cInstructions - cInstructionsAtStart;
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Interface used by EMExecuteExec, does exit statistics and limits.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   fWillExit           To be defined.
 * @param   cMinInstructions    Minimum number of instructions to execute before checking for FFs.
 * @param   cMaxInstructions    Maximum number of instructions to execute.
 * @param   cMaxInstructionsWithoutExits
 *                              The max number of instructions without exits.
 * @param   pStats              Where to return statistics.
 */
VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecForExits(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t fWillExit, uint32_t cMinInstructions, uint32_t cMaxInstructions,
                                      uint32_t cMaxInstructionsWithoutExits, PIEMEXECFOREXITSTATS pStats)
{
    NOREF(fWillExit); /** @todo define flexible exit crits */

    /*
     * Initialize return stats.
     */
    pStats->cInstructions    = 0;
    pStats->cExits           = 0;
    pStats->cMaxExitDistance = 0;
    pStats->cReserved        = 0;

    /*
     * Initial decoder init w/ prefetch, then setup setjmp.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemInitDecoderAndPrefetchOpcodes(pVCpu, false, false);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
    {
#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
        jmp_buf         JmpBuf;
        jmp_buf        *pSavedJmpBuf = pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf);
        pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf)   = &JmpBuf;
        pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings     = 0;
        if ((rcStrict = setjmp(JmpBuf)) == 0)
#endif
        {
#ifdef IN_RING0
            bool const fCheckPreemptionPending   = !RTThreadPreemptIsPossible() || !RTThreadPreemptIsEnabled(NIL_RTTHREAD);
#endif
            uint32_t   cInstructionSinceLastExit = 0;

            /*
             * The run loop.  We limit ourselves to 4096 instructions right now.
             */
            PVM pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
            for (;;)
            {
                /*
                 * Log the state.
                 */
#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
                iemLogCurInstr(pVCpu, true, "IEMExecForExits");
#endif

                /*
                 * Do the decoding and emulation.
                 */
                uint32_t const cPotentialExits = pVCpu->iem.s.cPotentialExits;

                uint8_t b; IEM_OPCODE_GET_NEXT_U8(&b);
                rcStrict = FNIEMOP_CALL(g_apfnOneByteMap[b]);

                if (   cPotentialExits != pVCpu->iem.s.cPotentialExits
                    && cInstructionSinceLastExit > 0 /* don't count the first */ )
                {
                    pStats->cExits += 1;
                    if (cInstructionSinceLastExit > pStats->cMaxExitDistance)
                        pStats->cMaxExitDistance = cInstructionSinceLastExit;
                    cInstructionSinceLastExit = 0;
                }

                if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS))
                {
                    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0);
                    pVCpu->iem.s.cInstructions++;
                    pStats->cInstructions++;
                    cInstructionSinceLastExit++;
                    if (RT_LIKELY(pVCpu->iem.s.rcPassUp == VINF_SUCCESS))
                    {
                        uint64_t fCpu = pVCpu->fLocalForcedActions
                                      & ( VMCPU_FF_ALL_MASK & ~(  VMCPU_FF_PGM_SYNC_CR3
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_PGM_SYNC_CR3_NON_GLOBAL
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_TLB_FLUSH
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_INHIBIT_INTERRUPTS
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_BLOCK_NMIS
                                                                | VMCPU_FF_UNHALT ));

                        if (RT_LIKELY(   (   (   !fCpu
                                              || (   !(fCpu & ~(VMCPU_FF_INTERRUPT_APIC | VMCPU_FF_INTERRUPT_PIC))
                                                  && !pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rflags.Bits.u1IF))
                                          && !VM_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVM, VM_FF_ALL_MASK) )
                                      || pStats->cInstructions < cMinInstructions))
                        {
                            if (pStats->cInstructions < cMaxInstructions)
                            {
                                if (cInstructionSinceLastExit <= cMaxInstructionsWithoutExits)
                                {
#ifdef IN_RING0
                                    if (   !fCheckPreemptionPending
                                        || !RTThreadPreemptIsPending(NIL_RTTHREAD))
#endif
                                    {
                                        Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0);
                                        iemReInitDecoder(pVCpu);
                                        continue;
                                    }
#ifdef IN_RING0
                                    rcStrict = VINF_EM_RAW_INTERRUPT;
                                    break;
#endif
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        Assert(!(fCpu & VMCPU_FF_IEM));
                    }
                    Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0);
                }
                else if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
                        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
                rcStrict = iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
                break;
            }
        }
#ifdef IEM_WITH_SETJMP
        else
        {
            if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
                iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
            pVCpu->iem.s.cLongJumps++;
        }
        pVCpu->iem.s.CTX_SUFF(pJmpBuf) = pSavedJmpBuf;
#endif

        /*
         * Assert hidden register sanity (also done in iemInitDecoder and iemReInitDecoder).
         */
        Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs));
        Assert(CPUMSELREG_ARE_HIDDEN_PARTS_VALID(pVCpu, &pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss));
    }
    else
    {
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
            iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

#if defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM) || defined(VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX)
        /*
         * When a nested-guest causes an exception intercept (e.g. #PF) when fetching
         * code as part of instruction execution, we need this to fix-up VINF_SVM_VMEXIT.
         */
        rcStrict = iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
#endif
    }

    /*
     * Maybe re-enter raw-mode and log.
     */
    if (rcStrict != VINF_SUCCESS)
        LogFlow(("IEMExecForExits: cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 ss:rsp=%04x:%08RX64 EFL=%06x - rcStrict=%Rrc; ins=%u exits=%u maxdist=%u\n",
                 pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss.Sel, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp,
                 pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), pStats->cInstructions, pStats->cExits, pStats->cMaxExitDistance));
    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Injects a trap, fault, abort, software interrupt or external interrupt.
 *
 * The parameter list matches TRPMQueryTrapAll pretty closely.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   u8TrapNo            The trap number.
 * @param   enmType             What type is it (trap/fault/abort), software
 *                              interrupt or hardware interrupt.
 * @param   uErrCode            The error code if applicable.
 * @param   uCr2                The CR2 value if applicable.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length (only relevant for
 *                              software interrupts).
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMInjectTrap(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t u8TrapNo, TRPMEVENT enmType, uint16_t uErrCode, RTGCPTR uCr2,
                                         uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    iemInitDecoder(pVCpu, false, false);
#ifdef DBGFTRACE_ENABLED
    RTTraceBufAddMsgF(pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM)->CTX_SUFF(hTraceBuf), "IEMInjectTrap: %x %d %x %llx",
                      u8TrapNo, enmType, uErrCode, uCr2);
#endif

    uint32_t fFlags;
    switch (enmType)
    {
        case TRPM_HARDWARE_INT:
            Log(("IEMInjectTrap: %#4x ext\n", u8TrapNo));
            fFlags = IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_EXT_INT;
            uErrCode = uCr2 = 0;
            break;

        case TRPM_SOFTWARE_INT:
            Log(("IEMInjectTrap: %#4x soft\n", u8TrapNo));
            fFlags = IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_SOFT_INT;
            uErrCode = uCr2 = 0;
            break;

        case TRPM_TRAP:
            Log(("IEMInjectTrap: %#4x trap err=%#x cr2=%#RGv\n", u8TrapNo, uErrCode, uCr2));
            fFlags = IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_T_CPU_XCPT;
            if (u8TrapNo == X86_XCPT_PF)
                fFlags |= IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_CR2;
            switch (u8TrapNo)
            {
                case X86_XCPT_DF:
                case X86_XCPT_TS:
                case X86_XCPT_NP:
                case X86_XCPT_SS:
                case X86_XCPT_PF:
                case X86_XCPT_AC:
                case X86_XCPT_GP:
                    fFlags |= IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_ERR;
                    break;
            }
            break;

        IEM_NOT_REACHED_DEFAULT_CASE_RET();
    }

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemRaiseXcptOrInt(pVCpu, cbInstr, u8TrapNo, fFlags, uErrCode, uCr2);

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings > 0)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    return rcStrict;
}


/**
 * Injects the active TRPM event.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 */
VMMDECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMInjectTrpmEvent(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
#ifndef IEM_IMPLEMENTS_TASKSWITCH
    IEM_RETURN_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_LOG(("Event injection\n"));
#else
    uint8_t     u8TrapNo;
    TRPMEVENT   enmType;
    uint32_t    uErrCode;
    RTGCUINTPTR uCr2;
    uint8_t     cbInstr;
    int rc = TRPMQueryTrapAll(pVCpu, &u8TrapNo, &enmType, &uErrCode, &uCr2, &cbInstr, NULL /* fIcebp */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    /** @todo r=ramshankar: Pass ICEBP info. to IEMInjectTrap() below and handle
     *        ICEBP \#DB injection as a special case. */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEMInjectTrap(pVCpu, u8TrapNo, enmType, uErrCode, uCr2, cbInstr);
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SVM_VMEXIT)
        rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
#endif
#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX
    if (rcStrict == VINF_VMX_VMEXIT)
        rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
#endif
    /** @todo Are there any other codes that imply the event was successfully
     *        delivered to the guest? See @bugref{6607}.  */
    if (   rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS
        || rcStrict == VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT)
        TRPMResetTrap(pVCpu);

    return rcStrict;
#endif
}


VMM_INT_DECL(int) IEMBreakpointSet(PVM pVM, RTGCPTR GCPtrBp)
{
    RT_NOREF_PV(pVM); RT_NOREF_PV(GCPtrBp);
    return VERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}


VMM_INT_DECL(int) IEMBreakpointClear(PVM pVM, RTGCPTR GCPtrBp)
{
    RT_NOREF_PV(pVM); RT_NOREF_PV(GCPtrBp);
    return VERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}


#if 0 /* The IRET-to-v8086 mode in PATM is very optimistic, so I don't dare do this yet. */
/**
 * Executes a IRET instruction with default operand size.
 *
 * This is for PATM.
 *
 * @returns VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pCtxCore            The register frame.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(int) IEMExecInstr_iret(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCPUMCTXCORE pCtxCore)
{
    PCPUMCTX pCtx = IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu);

    iemCtxCoreToCtx(pCtx, pCtxCore);
    iemInitDecoder(pVCpu);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemCImpl_iret(pVCpu, 1, pVCpu->iem.s.enmDefOpSize);
    if (rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS)
        iemCtxToCtxCore(pCtxCore, pCtx);
    else
        LogFlow(("IEMExecInstr_iret: cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 ss:rsp=%04x:%08RX64 EFL=%06x - rcStrict=%Rrc\n",
                 pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.cs, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rip, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.ss, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.rsp, pVCpu->cpum.GstCtx.eflags.u, VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
    return rcStrict;
}
#endif


/**
 * Macro used by the IEMExec* method to check the given instruction length.
 *
 * Will return on failure!
 *
 * @param   a_cbInstr   The given instruction length.
 * @param   a_cbMin     The minimum length.
 */
#define IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(a_cbInstr, a_cbMin) \
    AssertMsgReturn((unsigned)(a_cbInstr) - (unsigned)(a_cbMin) <= (unsigned)15 - (unsigned)(a_cbMin), \
                    ("cbInstr=%u cbMin=%u\n", (a_cbInstr), (a_cbMin)), VERR_IEM_INVALID_INSTR_LENGTH)


/**
 * Calls iemUninitExec, iemExecStatusCodeFiddling and iemRCRawMaybeReenter.
 *
 * Only calling iemRCRawMaybeReenter in raw-mode, obviously.
 *
 * @returns Fiddled strict vbox status code, ready to return to non-IEM caller.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling thread.
 * @param   rcStrict    The status code to fiddle.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict)
{
    iemUninitExec(pVCpu);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM for executing string I/O OUT (write) instructions.
 *
 * This API ASSUMES that the caller has already verified that the guest code is
 * allowed to access the I/O port.  (The I/O port is in the DX register in the
 * guest state.)
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbValue             The size of the I/O port access (1, 2, or 4).
 * @param   enmAddrMode         The addressing mode.
 * @param   fRepPrefix          Indicates whether a repeat prefix is used
 *                              (doesn't matter which for this instruction).
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   iEffSeg             The effective segment address.
 * @param   fIoChecked          Whether the access to the I/O port has been
 *                              checked or not.  It's typically checked in the
 *                              HM scenario.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecStringIoWrite(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbValue, IEMMODE enmAddrMode,
                                                bool fRepPrefix, uint8_t cbInstr, uint8_t iEffSeg, bool fIoChecked)
{
    AssertMsgReturn(iEffSeg < X86_SREG_COUNT, ("%#x\n", iEffSeg), VERR_IEM_INVALID_EFF_SEG);
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 1);

    /*
     * State init.
     */
    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    /*
     * Switch orgy for getting to the right handler.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    if (fRepPrefix)
    {
        switch (enmAddrMode)
        {
            case IEMMODE_16BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op8_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op16_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op32_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            case IEMMODE_32BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op8_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op16_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op32_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            case IEMMODE_64BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op8_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op16_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_outs_op32_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            default:
                AssertMsgFailedReturn(("enmAddrMode=%d\n", enmAddrMode), VERR_IEM_INVALID_ADDRESS_MODE);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        switch (enmAddrMode)
        {
            case IEMMODE_16BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op8_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op16_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op32_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            case IEMMODE_32BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op8_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op16_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op32_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            case IEMMODE_64BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op8_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op16_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_outs_op32_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            default:
                AssertMsgFailedReturn(("enmAddrMode=%d\n", enmAddrMode), VERR_IEM_INVALID_ADDRESS_MODE);
        }
    }

    if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);

    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM for executing string I/O IN (read) instructions.
 *
 * This API ASSUMES that the caller has already verified that the guest code is
 * allowed to access the I/O port.  (The I/O port is in the DX register in the
 * guest state.)
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbValue             The size of the I/O port access (1, 2, or 4).
 * @param   enmAddrMode         The addressing mode.
 * @param   fRepPrefix          Indicates whether a repeat prefix is used
 *                              (doesn't matter which for this instruction).
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   fIoChecked          Whether the access to the I/O port has been
 *                              checked or not.  It's typically checked in the
 *                              HM scenario.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecStringIoRead(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbValue, IEMMODE enmAddrMode,
                                               bool fRepPrefix, uint8_t cbInstr, bool fIoChecked)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 1);

    /*
     * State init.
     */
    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    /*
     * Switch orgy for getting to the right handler.
     */
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    if (fRepPrefix)
    {
        switch (enmAddrMode)
        {
            case IEMMODE_16BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op8_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op16_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op32_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            case IEMMODE_32BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op8_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op16_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op32_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            case IEMMODE_64BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op8_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op16_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_rep_ins_op32_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            default:
                AssertMsgFailedReturn(("enmAddrMode=%d\n", enmAddrMode), VERR_IEM_INVALID_ADDRESS_MODE);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        switch (enmAddrMode)
        {
            case IEMMODE_16BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op8_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op16_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op32_addr16(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            case IEMMODE_32BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op8_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op16_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op32_addr32(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            case IEMMODE_64BIT:
                switch (cbValue)
                {
                    case 1: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op8_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 2: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op16_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    case 4: rcStrict = iemCImpl_ins_op32_addr64(pVCpu, cbInstr, fIoChecked); break;
                    default:
                        AssertMsgFailedReturn(("cbValue=%#x\n", cbValue), VERR_IEM_INVALID_OPERAND_SIZE);
                }
                break;

            default:
                AssertMsgFailedReturn(("enmAddrMode=%d\n", enmAddrMode), VERR_IEM_INVALID_ADDRESS_MODE);
        }
    }

    if (   pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings == 0
        || VMCPU_FF_IS_SET(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_IEM))
    { /* likely */ }
    else
    {
        AssertMsg(!IOM_SUCCESS(rcStrict), ("%#x\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
    }
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for rawmode to write execute an OUT instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   u16Port     The port to read.
 * @param   fImm        Whether the port is specified using an immediate operand or
 *                      using the implicit DX register.
 * @param   cbReg       The register size.
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedOut(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr, uint16_t u16Port, bool fImm, uint8_t cbReg)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 1);
    Assert(cbReg <= 4 && cbReg != 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_3(iemCImpl_out, u16Port, fImm, cbReg);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for rawmode to write execute an IN instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   u16Port     The port to read.
 * @param   fImm        Whether the port is specified using an immediate operand or
 *                      using the implicit DX.
 * @param   cbReg       The register size.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedIn(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr, uint16_t u16Port, bool fImm, uint8_t cbReg)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 1);
    Assert(cbReg <= 4 && cbReg != 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_3(iemCImpl_in, u16Port, fImm, cbReg);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to write to a CRx register.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   iCrReg      The control register number (destination).
 * @param   iGReg       The general purpose register number (source).
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedMovCRxWrite(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr, uint8_t iCrReg, uint8_t iGReg)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);
    Assert(iCrReg < 16);
    Assert(iGReg < 16);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_2(iemCImpl_mov_Cd_Rd, iCrReg, iGReg);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to read from a CRx register.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   iGReg       The general purpose register number (destination).
 * @param   iCrReg      The control register number (source).
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedMovCRxRead(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr, uint8_t iGReg, uint8_t iCrReg)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_CR3 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_CR4
                        | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_APIC_TPR);
    Assert(iCrReg < 16);
    Assert(iGReg < 16);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_2(iemCImpl_mov_Rd_Cd, iGReg, iCrReg);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to clear the CR0[TS] bit.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedClts(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_clts);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the LMSW instruction (loads CR0).
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr         The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   uValue          The value to load into CR0.
 * @param   GCPtrEffDst     The guest-linear address if the LMSW instruction has a
 *                          memory operand. Otherwise pass NIL_RTGCPTR.
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedLmsw(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr, uint16_t uValue, RTGCPTR GCPtrEffDst)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_2(iemCImpl_lmsw, uValue, GCPtrEffDst);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the XSETBV instruction (loads XCRx).
 *
 * Takes input values in ecx and edx:eax of the CPU context of the calling EMT.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedXsetbv(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_xsetbv);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the WBINVD instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedWbinvd(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_wbinvd);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the INVD instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedInvd(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_invd);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the INVLPG instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_PGM_SYNC_CR3
 *
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   GCPtrPage   The effective address of the page to invalidate.
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedInvlpg(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr, RTGCPTR GCPtrPage)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_1(iemCImpl_invlpg, GCPtrPage);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the INVPCID instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_PGM_SYNC_CR3
 *
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   iEffSeg     The effective segment register.
 * @param   GCPtrDesc   The effective address of the INVPCID descriptor.
 * @param   uType       The invalidation type.
 *
 * @remarks In ring-0 not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedInvpcid(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr, uint8_t iEffSeg, RTGCPTR GCPtrDesc,
                                                 uint64_t uType)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 4);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_3(iemCImpl_invpcid, iEffSeg, GCPtrDesc, uType);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the CPUID instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in, the usual pluss RAX and RCX.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedCpuid(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_RAX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_RCX);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_cpuid);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the RDPMC instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedRdpmc(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_CR4);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_rdpmc);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the RDTSC instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT (VINF_EM_RESCHEDULE) if exception is raised.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedRdtsc(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_CR4);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_rdtsc);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the RDTSCP instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT (VINF_EM_RESCHEDULE) if exception is raised.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in.  Recommended
 *          to include CPUMCTX_EXTRN_TSC_AUX, to avoid extra fetch call.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedRdtscp(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_CR4 | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_TSC_AUX);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_rdtscp);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the RDMSR instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT (VINF_EM_RESCHEDULE) if exception is raised.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in.  Requires RCX and
 *          (currently) all MSRs.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedRdmsr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_RCX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_ALL_MSRS);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_rdmsr);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the WRMSR instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT (VINF_EM_RESCHEDULE) if exception is raised.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in.  Requires RCX, RAX, RDX,
 *          and (currently) all MSRs.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedWrmsr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 2);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK
                        | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_RCX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_RAX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_RDX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_ALL_MSRS);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_wrmsr);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the MONITOR instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT (VINF_EM_RESCHEDULE) if exception is raised.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 * @remarks ASSUMES the default segment of DS and no segment override prefixes
 *          are used.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedMonitor(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_DS);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_1(iemCImpl_monitor, X86_SREG_DS);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the MWAIT instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT (VINF_EM_RESCHEDULE) if exception is raised.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedMwait(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_RCX | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_RAX);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_mwait);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the HLT instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_IEM_RAISED_XCPT (VINF_EM_RESCHEDULE) if exception is raised.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu               The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   cbInstr             The instruction length in bytes.
 *
 * @remarks Not all of the state needs to be synced in.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedHlt(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 1);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_hlt);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Checks if IEM is in the process of delivering an event (interrupt or
 * exception).
 *
 * @returns true if we're in the process of raising an interrupt or exception,
 *          false otherwise.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure.
 * @param   puVector        Where to store the vector associated with the
 *                          currently delivered event, optional.
 * @param   pfFlags         Where to store th event delivery flags (see
 *                          IEM_XCPT_FLAGS_XXX), optional.
 * @param   puErr           Where to store the error code associated with the
 *                          event, optional.
 * @param   puCr2           Where to store the CR2 associated with the event,
 *                          optional.
 * @remarks The caller should check the flags to determine if the error code and
 *          CR2 are valid for the event.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(bool) IEMGetCurrentXcpt(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t *puVector, uint32_t *pfFlags, uint32_t *puErr, uint64_t *puCr2)
{
    bool const fRaisingXcpt = pVCpu->iem.s.cXcptRecursions > 0;
    if (fRaisingXcpt)
    {
        if (puVector)
            *puVector = pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcpt;
        if (pfFlags)
            *pfFlags = pVCpu->iem.s.fCurXcpt;
        if (puErr)
            *puErr = pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcptErr;
        if (puCr2)
            *puCr2 = pVCpu->iem.s.uCurXcptCr2;
    }
    return fRaisingXcpt;
}

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM

/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the CLGI instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedClgi(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_clgi);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the STGI instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedStgi(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_stgi);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMLOAD instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmload(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_vmload);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMSAVE instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmsave(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_vmsave);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the INVLPGA instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedInvlpga(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_invlpga);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMRUN instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmrun(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SVM_VMRUN_MASK);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_vmrun);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate \#VMEXIT.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   uExitCode   The exit code.
 * @param   uExitInfo1  The exit info. 1 field.
 * @param   uExitInfo2  The exit info. 2 field.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecSvmVmexit(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint64_t uExitCode, uint64_t uExitInfo1, uint64_t uExitInfo2)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_SVM_VMEXIT_MASK);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemSvmVmexit(pVCpu, uExitCode, uExitInfo1, uExitInfo2);
    if (pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings)
        iemMemRollback(pVCpu);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}

#endif /* VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_SVM */

#ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX

/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to read a VMCS field from the nested-guest VMCS.
 *
 * It is ASSUMED the caller knows what they're doing. No VMREAD instruction checks
 * are performed. Bounds checks are strict builds only.
 *
 * @param   pVmcs           Pointer to the virtual VMCS.
 * @param   u64VmcsField    The VMCS field.
 * @param   pu64Dst         Where to store the VMCS value.
 *
 * @remarks May be called with interrupts disabled.
 * @todo    This should probably be moved to CPUM someday.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(void) IEMReadVmxVmcsField(PCVMXVVMCS pVmcs, uint64_t u64VmcsField, uint64_t *pu64Dst)
{
    AssertPtr(pVmcs);
    AssertPtr(pu64Dst);
    iemVmxVmreadNoCheck(pVmcs, pu64Dst, u64VmcsField);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to write a VMCS field in the nested-guest VMCS.
 *
 * It is ASSUMED the caller knows what they're doing. No VMWRITE instruction checks
 * are performed. Bounds checks are strict builds only.
 *
 * @param   pVmcs           Pointer to the virtual VMCS.
 * @param   u64VmcsField    The VMCS field.
 * @param   u64Val          The value to write.
 *
 * @remarks May be called with interrupts disabled.
 * @todo    This should probably be moved to CPUM someday.
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(void) IEMWriteVmxVmcsField(PVMXVVMCS pVmcs, uint64_t u64VmcsField, uint64_t u64Val)
{
    AssertPtr(pVmcs);
    iemVmxVmwriteNoCheck(pVmcs, u64Val, u64VmcsField);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to virtualize x2APIC MSR accesses.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_VMX_MODIFIES_BEHAVIOR if the MSR access was virtualized.
 * @retval  VINF_VMX_INTERCEPT_NOT_ACTIVE if the MSR access must be handled by
 *          the x2APIC device.
 * @retval  VERR_OUT_RANGE if the caller must raise \#GP(0).
 *
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   idMsr       The MSR being read.
 * @param   pu64Value   Pointer to the value being written or where to store the
 *                      value being read.
 * @param   fWrite      Whether this is an MSR write or read access.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVirtApicAccessMsr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t idMsr, uint64_t *pu64Value, bool fWrite)
{
    Assert(pu64Value);

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict;
    if (fWrite)
        rcStrict = iemVmxVirtApicAccessMsrWrite(pVCpu, idMsr, *pu64Value);
    else
        rcStrict = iemVmxVirtApicAccessMsrRead(pVCpu, idMsr, pu64Value);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);

}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to virtualize memory-mapped APIC accesses.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_VMX_MODIFIES_BEHAVIOR if the memory access was virtualized.
 * @retval  VINF_VMX_VMEXIT if the access causes a VM-exit.
 *
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @param   pExitEventInfo  Pointer to the VM-exit event information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitApicAccess(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo, PCVMXVEXITEVENTINFO pExitEventInfo)
{
    Assert(pExitInfo);
    Assert(pExitEventInfo);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitApicAccessWithInfo(pVCpu, pExitInfo, pExitEventInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);

}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to perform an APIC-write emulation which may cause a
 * VM-exit.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitApicWrite(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxApicWriteEmulation(pVCpu);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate VM-exit due to expiry of the preemption timer.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitPreemptTimer(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitPreemptTimer(pVCpu);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate VM-exit due to external interrupts.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   uVector         The external interrupt vector (pass 0 if the external
 *                          interrupt is still pending).
 * @param   fIntPending     Whether the external interrupt is pending or
 *                          acknowdledged in the interrupt controller.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitExtInt(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t uVector, bool fIntPending)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitExtInt(pVCpu, uVector, fIntPending);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate VM-exit due to exceptions.
 *
 * Exception includes NMIs, software exceptions (those generated by INT3 or
 * INTO) and privileged software exceptions (those generated by INT1/ICEBP).
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @param   pExitEventInfo  Pointer to the VM-exit event information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitXcpt(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo, PCVMXVEXITEVENTINFO pExitEventInfo)
{
    Assert(pExitInfo);
    Assert(pExitEventInfo);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitEventWithInfo(pVCpu, pExitInfo, pExitEventInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate VM-exit due to NMIs.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitXcptNmi(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    VMXVEXITINFO ExitInfo;
    RT_ZERO(ExitInfo);
    ExitInfo.uReason = VMX_EXIT_XCPT_OR_NMI;

    VMXVEXITEVENTINFO ExitEventInfo;
    RT_ZERO(ExitEventInfo);
    ExitEventInfo.uExitIntInfo = RT_BF_MAKE(VMX_BF_EXIT_INT_INFO_VALID,  1)
                               | RT_BF_MAKE(VMX_BF_EXIT_INT_INFO_TYPE,   VMX_EXIT_INT_INFO_TYPE_NMI)
                               | RT_BF_MAKE(VMX_BF_EXIT_INT_INFO_VECTOR, X86_XCPT_NMI);

    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitEventWithInfo(pVCpu, &ExitInfo, &ExitEventInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate VM-exit due to a triple-fault.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitTripleFault(PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexit(pVCpu, VMX_EXIT_TRIPLE_FAULT, 0 /* u64ExitQual */);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate VM-exit due to startup-IPI (SIPI).
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   uVector         The SIPI vector.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitStartupIpi(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t uVector)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexit(pVCpu, VMX_EXIT_SIPI, uVector);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate a VM-exit.
 *
 * If a specialized version of a VM-exit handler exists, that must be used instead.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   uExitReason     The VM-exit reason.
 * @param   u64ExitQual     The Exit qualification.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexit(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t uExitReason, uint64_t u64ExitQual)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexit(pVCpu, uExitReason, u64ExitQual);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate a VM-exit due to an instruction.
 *
 * This is meant to be used for those instructions that VMX provides additional
 * decoding information beyond just the instruction length!
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo   Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitInstrWithInfo(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitInstrWithInfo(pVCpu, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate a VM-exit due to an instruction.
 *
 * This is meant to be used for those instructions that VMX provides only the
 * instruction length.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo   Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitInstr(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint32_t uExitReason, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitInstr(pVCpu, uExitReason, cbInstr);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate a trap-like VM-exit (MTF, APIC-write,
 * Virtualized-EOI, TPR-below threshold).
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitTrapLike(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    Assert(pExitInfo);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitTrapLikeWithInfo(pVCpu, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate a VM-exit due to a task switch.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @param   pExitEventInfo  Pointer to the VM-exit event information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitTaskSwitch(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo, PCVMXVEXITEVENTINFO pExitEventInfo)
{
    Assert(pExitInfo);
    Assert(pExitEventInfo);
    Assert(pExitInfo->uReason == VMX_EXIT_TASK_SWITCH);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitTaskSwitchWithInfo(pVCpu, pExitInfo, pExitEventInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMREAD instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmread(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(pExitInfo->cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);
    Assert(pExitInfo);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    VBOXSTRICTRC   rcStrict;
    uint8_t const  cbInstr       = pExitInfo->cbInstr;
    bool const     fIs64BitMode  = RT_BOOL(pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT);
    uint64_t const u64FieldEnc   = fIs64BitMode
                                 ? iemGRegFetchU64(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iReg2)
                                 : iemGRegFetchU32(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iReg2);
    if (pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.fIsRegOperand)
    {
        if (fIs64BitMode)
        {
            uint64_t *pu64Dst = iemGRegRefU64(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iReg1);
            rcStrict = iemVmxVmreadReg64(pVCpu, cbInstr, pu64Dst, u64FieldEnc, pExitInfo);
        }
        else
        {
            uint32_t *pu32Dst = iemGRegRefU32(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iReg1);
            rcStrict = iemVmxVmreadReg32(pVCpu, cbInstr, pu32Dst, u64FieldEnc, pExitInfo);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        RTGCPTR const GCPtrDst = pExitInfo->GCPtrEffAddr;
        uint8_t const iEffSeg  = pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iSegReg;
        rcStrict = iemVmxVmreadMem(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, GCPtrDst, u64FieldEnc, pExitInfo);
    }
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMWRITE instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmwrite(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(pExitInfo->cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);
    Assert(pExitInfo);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    uint64_t u64Val;
    uint8_t  iEffSeg;
    if (pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.fIsRegOperand)
    {
        u64Val  = iemGRegFetchU64(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iReg1);
        iEffSeg = UINT8_MAX;
    }
    else
    {
        u64Val  = pExitInfo->GCPtrEffAddr;
        iEffSeg = pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iSegReg;
    }
    uint8_t const  cbInstr     = pExitInfo->cbInstr;
    uint64_t const u64FieldEnc = pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT
                               ? iemGRegFetchU64(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iReg2)
                               : iemGRegFetchU32(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmreadVmwrite.iReg2);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmwrite(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, u64Val, u64FieldEnc, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMPTRLD instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmptrld(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    Assert(pExitInfo);
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(pExitInfo->cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    uint8_t const iEffSeg   = pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmxXsave.iSegReg;
    uint8_t const cbInstr   = pExitInfo->cbInstr;
    RTGCPTR const GCPtrVmcs = pExitInfo->GCPtrEffAddr;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmptrld(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, GCPtrVmcs, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMPTRST instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmptrst(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    Assert(pExitInfo);
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(pExitInfo->cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    uint8_t const iEffSeg   = pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmxXsave.iSegReg;
    uint8_t const cbInstr   = pExitInfo->cbInstr;
    RTGCPTR const GCPtrVmcs = pExitInfo->GCPtrEffAddr;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmptrst(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, GCPtrVmcs, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMCLEAR instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmclear(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    Assert(pExitInfo);
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(pExitInfo->cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    uint8_t const iEffSeg   = pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmxXsave.iSegReg;
    uint8_t const cbInstr   = pExitInfo->cbInstr;
    RTGCPTR const GCPtrVmcs = pExitInfo->GCPtrEffAddr;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmclear(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, GCPtrVmcs, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMLAUNCH/VMRESUME instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr         The instruction length in bytes.
 * @param   uInstrId        The instruction ID (VMXINSTRID_VMLAUNCH or
 *                          VMXINSTRID_VMRESUME).
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmlaunchVmresume(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr, VMXINSTRID uInstrId)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_VMX_VMENTRY_MASK);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmlaunchVmresume(pVCpu, cbInstr, uInstrId);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMXON instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmxon(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    Assert(pExitInfo);
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(pExitInfo->cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    uint8_t const iEffSeg    = pExitInfo->InstrInfo.VmxXsave.iSegReg;
    uint8_t const cbInstr    = pExitInfo->cbInstr;
    RTGCPTR const GCPtrVmxon = pExitInfo->GCPtrEffAddr;
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmxon(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, GCPtrVmxon, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the VMXOFF instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   cbInstr     The instruction length in bytes.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedVmxoff(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, uint8_t cbInstr)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(cbInstr, 3);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_NO_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = IEM_CIMPL_CALL_0(iemCImpl_vmxoff);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the INVVPID instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedInvvpid(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(pExitInfo->cbInstr, 4);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);
    Assert(pExitInfo);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    uint8_t const  iEffSeg          = pExitInfo->InstrInfo.Inv.iSegReg;
    uint8_t const  cbInstr          = pExitInfo->cbInstr;
    RTGCPTR const  GCPtrInvvpidDesc = pExitInfo->GCPtrEffAddr;
    uint64_t const u64InvvpidType   = pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT
                                    ? iemGRegFetchU64(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.Inv.iReg2)
                                    : iemGRegFetchU32(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.Inv.iReg2);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxInvvpid(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, GCPtrInvvpidDesc, u64InvvpidType, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


# ifdef VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT
/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate the INVEPT instruction.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecDecodedInvept(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo)
{
    IEMEXEC_ASSERT_INSTR_LEN_RETURN(pExitInfo->cbInstr, 4);
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);
    Assert(pExitInfo);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);

    uint8_t const  iEffSeg          = pExitInfo->InstrInfo.Inv.iSegReg;
    uint8_t const  cbInstr          = pExitInfo->cbInstr;
    RTGCPTR const  GCPtrInveptDesc  = pExitInfo->GCPtrEffAddr;
    uint64_t const u64InveptType    = pVCpu->iem.s.enmCpuMode == IEMMODE_64BIT
                                    ? iemGRegFetchU64(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.Inv.iReg2)
                                    : iemGRegFetchU32(pVCpu, pExitInfo->InstrInfo.Inv.iReg2);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxInvept(pVCpu, cbInstr, iEffSeg, GCPtrInveptDesc, u64InveptType, pExitInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate a VM-exit due to an EPT violation.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   pExitInfo       Pointer to the VM-exit information.
 * @param   pExitEventInfo  Pointer to the VM-exit event information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitEptViolation(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, PCVMXVEXITINFO pExitInfo,
                                                        PCVMXVEXITEVENTINFO pExitEventInfo)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitEptViolationWithInfo(pVCpu, pExitInfo, pExitEventInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}


/**
 * Interface for HM and EM to emulate a VM-exit due to an EPT misconfiguration.
 *
 * @returns Strict VBox status code.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   GCPhysAddr      The nested-guest physical address causing the EPT
 *                          misconfiguration.
 * @param   pExitEventInfo  Pointer to the VM-exit event information.
 * @thread  EMT(pVCpu)
 */
VMM_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMExecVmxVmexitEptMisconfig(PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhysAddr, PCVMXVEXITEVENTINFO pExitEventInfo)
{
    IEM_CTX_ASSERT(pVCpu, IEM_CPUMCTX_EXTRN_EXEC_DECODED_MEM_MASK | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_INT | CPUMCTX_EXTRN_INHIBIT_NMI);

    iemInitExec(pVCpu, false /*fBypassHandlers*/);
    VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitEptMisconfigWithInfo(pVCpu, GCPhysAddr, pExitEventInfo);
    Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings);
    return iemUninitExecAndFiddleStatusAndMaybeReenter(pVCpu, rcStrict);
}

# endif /* VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX_EPT */


/**
 * @callback_method_impl{FNPGMPHYSHANDLER, VMX APIC-access page accesses}
 *
 * @remarks The @a uUser argument is currently unused.
 */
PGM_ALL_CB2_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemVmxApicAccessPageHandler(PVMCC pVM, PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhysFault, void *pvPhys,
                                                           void *pvBuf, size_t cbBuf, PGMACCESSTYPE enmAccessType,
                                                           PGMACCESSORIGIN enmOrigin, uint64_t uUser)
{
    RT_NOREF3(pvPhys, enmOrigin, uUser);

    RTGCPHYS const GCPhysAccessBase = GCPhysFault & ~(RTGCPHYS)GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK;
    if (CPUMIsGuestInVmxNonRootMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)))
    {
        Assert(CPUMIsGuestVmxProcCtls2Set(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu), VMX_PROC_CTLS2_VIRT_APIC_ACCESS));
        Assert(CPUMGetGuestVmxApicAccessPageAddrEx(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)) == GCPhysAccessBase);

        uint32_t const fAccess   = enmAccessType == PGMACCESSTYPE_WRITE ? IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W : IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R;
        uint16_t const offAccess = GCPhysFault & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK;
        VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVirtApicAccessMem(pVCpu, offAccess, cbBuf, pvBuf, fAccess);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rcStrict))
            return rcStrict;

        /* Any access on this APIC-access page has been handled, caller should not carry out the access. */
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }

    LogFunc(("Accessed outside VMX non-root mode, deregistering page handler for %#RGp\n", GCPhysAccessBase));
    int rc = PGMHandlerPhysicalDeregister(pVM, GCPhysAccessBase);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    /* Instruct the caller of this handler to perform the read/write as normal memory. */
    return VINF_PGM_HANDLER_DO_DEFAULT;
}


# ifndef IN_RING3
/**
 * @callback_method_impl{FNPGMRZPHYSPFHANDLER,
 *      \#PF access handler callback for guest VMX APIC-access page.}
 */
DECLCALLBACK(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemVmxApicAccessPagePfHandler(PVMCC pVM, PVMCPUCC pVCpu, RTGCUINT uErr, PCPUMCTXCORE pRegFrame,
                                                         RTGCPTR pvFault, RTGCPHYS GCPhysFault, uint64_t uUser)

{
    RT_NOREF4(pVM, pRegFrame, pvFault, uUser);

    /*
     * Handle the VMX APIC-access page only when the guest is in VMX non-root mode.
     * Otherwise we must deregister the page and allow regular RAM access.
     * Failing to do so lands us with endless EPT misconfiguration VM-exits.
     */
    RTGCPHYS const GCPhysAccessBase = GCPhysFault & ~(RTGCPHYS)GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK;
    if (CPUMIsGuestInVmxNonRootMode(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)))
    {
        Assert(CPUMIsGuestVmxProcCtls2Set(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu), VMX_PROC_CTLS2_VIRT_APIC_ACCESS));
        Assert(CPUMGetGuestVmxApicAccessPageAddrEx(IEM_GET_CTX(pVCpu)) == GCPhysAccessBase);

        /*
         * Check if the access causes an APIC-access VM-exit.
         */
        uint32_t fAccess;
        if (uErr & X86_TRAP_PF_ID)
            fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION;
        else if (uErr & X86_TRAP_PF_RW)
            fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_DATA_W;
        else
            fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_DATA_R;

        uint16_t const offAccess = GCPhysFault & GUEST_PAGE_OFFSET_MASK;
        bool const fIntercept = iemVmxVirtApicIsMemAccessIntercepted(pVCpu, offAccess, 0 /* cbAccess */, fAccess);
        if (fIntercept)
        {
            /*
             * Query the source VM-exit (from the execution engine) that caused this access
             * within the APIC-access page. Currently only HM is supported.
             */
            AssertMsgReturn(VM_IS_HM_ENABLED(pVM),
                            ("VM-exit auxiliary info. fetching not supported for execution engine %d\n",
                             pVM->bMainExecutionEngine), VERR_IEM_ASPECT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
            HMEXITAUX HmExitAux;
            RT_ZERO(HmExitAux);
            int const rc = HMR0GetExitAuxInfo(pVCpu, &HmExitAux, HMVMX_READ_EXIT_INSTR_LEN
                                                               | HMVMX_READ_EXIT_QUALIFICATION
                                                               | HMVMX_READ_IDT_VECTORING_INFO
                                                               | HMVMX_READ_IDT_VECTORING_ERROR_CODE);
            AssertRCReturn(rc, rc);

            /*
             * Verify the VM-exit reason must be an EPT violation.
             * Other accesses should go through the other handler (iemVmxApicAccessPageHandler).
             */
            AssertLogRelMsgReturn(HmExitAux.Vmx.uReason == VMX_EXIT_EPT_VIOLATION,
                                  ("Unexpected call to the VMX APIC-access page #PF handler for %#RGp (off=%u) uReason=%#RX32\n",
                                   GCPhysAccessBase, offAccess, HmExitAux.Vmx.uReason), VERR_IEM_IPE_9);

            /*
             * Construct the virtual APIC-access VM-exit.
             */
            VMXAPICACCESS enmAccess;
            if (HmExitAux.Vmx.u64Qual & VMX_EXIT_QUAL_EPT_LINEAR_ADDR_VALID)
            {
                if (VMX_IDT_VECTORING_INFO_IS_VALID(HmExitAux.Vmx.uIdtVectoringInfo))
                    enmAccess = VMXAPICACCESS_LINEAR_EVENT_DELIVERY;
                else if (fAccess == IEM_ACCESS_INSTRUCTION)
                    enmAccess = VMXAPICACCESS_LINEAR_INSTR_FETCH;
                else if (fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE)
                    enmAccess = VMXAPICACCESS_LINEAR_WRITE;
                else
                    enmAccess = VMXAPICACCESS_LINEAR_READ;
            }
            else
            {
                if (VMX_IDT_VECTORING_INFO_IS_VALID(HmExitAux.Vmx.uIdtVectoringInfo))
                    enmAccess = VMXAPICACCESS_PHYSICAL_EVENT_DELIVERY;
                else
                {
                    /** @todo How to distinguish between monitoring/trace vs other instructions
                     *        here? */
                    enmAccess = VMXAPICACCESS_PHYSICAL_INSTR;
                }
            }

            VMXVEXITINFO ExitInfo;
            RT_ZERO(ExitInfo);
            ExitInfo.uReason = VMX_EXIT_APIC_ACCESS;
            ExitInfo.u64Qual = RT_BF_MAKE(VMX_BF_EXIT_QUAL_APIC_ACCESS_OFFSET, offAccess)
                             | RT_BF_MAKE(VMX_BF_EXIT_QUAL_APIC_ACCESS_TYPE,   enmAccess);
            ExitInfo.cbInstr = HmExitAux.Vmx.cbInstr;

            VMXVEXITEVENTINFO ExitEventInfo;
            RT_ZERO(ExitEventInfo);
            ExitEventInfo.uIdtVectoringInfo    = HmExitAux.Vmx.uIdtVectoringInfo;
            ExitEventInfo.uIdtVectoringErrCode = HmExitAux.Vmx.uIdtVectoringErrCode;

            /*
             * Raise the APIC-access VM-exit.
             */
            VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = iemVmxVmexitApicAccessWithInfo(pVCpu, &ExitInfo, &ExitEventInfo);
            return iemExecStatusCodeFiddling(pVCpu, rcStrict);
        }

        /*
         * The access isn't intercepted, which means it needs to be virtualized.
         *
         * This requires emulating the instruction because we need the bytes being
         * read/written by the instruction not just the offset being accessed within
         * the APIC-access (which we derive from the faulting address).
         */
        return VINF_EM_RAW_EMULATE_INSTR;
    }

    LogFunc(("Accessed outside VMX non-root mode, deregistering page handler for %#RGp\n", GCPhysAccessBase));
    int rc = PGMHandlerPhysicalDeregister(pVM, GCPhysAccessBase);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}
# endif /* !IN_RING3 */
#endif /* VBOX_WITH_NESTED_HWVIRT_VMX */


#ifdef IN_RING3

/**
 * Handles the unlikely and probably fatal merge cases.
 *
 * @returns Merged status code.
 * @param   rcStrict        Current EM status code.
 * @param   rcStrictCommit  The IOM I/O or MMIO write commit status to merge
 *                          with @a rcStrict.
 * @param   iMemMap         The memory mapping index. For error reporting only.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling
 *                          thread, for error reporting only.
 */
DECL_NO_INLINE(static, VBOXSTRICTRC) iemR3MergeStatusSlow(VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict, VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrictCommit,
                                                          unsigned iMemMap, PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    if (RT_FAILURE_NP(rcStrict))
        return rcStrict;

    if (RT_FAILURE_NP(rcStrictCommit))
        return rcStrictCommit;

    if (rcStrict == rcStrictCommit)
        return rcStrictCommit;

    AssertLogRelMsgFailed(("rcStrictCommit=%Rrc rcStrict=%Rrc iMemMap=%u fAccess=%#x FirstPg=%RGp LB %u SecondPg=%RGp LB %u\n",
                           VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrictCommit), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict), iMemMap,
                           pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess,
                           pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbFirst,
                           pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbSecond));
    return VERR_IOM_FF_STATUS_IPE;
}


/**
 * Helper for IOMR3ProcessForceFlag.
 *
 * @returns Merged status code.
 * @param   rcStrict        Current EM status code.
 * @param   rcStrictCommit  The IOM I/O or MMIO write commit status to merge
 *                          with @a rcStrict.
 * @param   iMemMap         The memory mapping index. For error reporting only.
 * @param   pVCpu           The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling
 *                          thread, for error reporting only.
 */
DECLINLINE(VBOXSTRICTRC) iemR3MergeStatus(VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict, VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrictCommit, unsigned iMemMap, PVMCPUCC pVCpu)
{
    /* Simple. */
    if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrict == VINF_SUCCESS || rcStrict == VINF_EM_RAW_TO_R3))
        return rcStrictCommit;

    if (RT_LIKELY(rcStrictCommit == VINF_SUCCESS))
        return rcStrict;

    /* EM scheduling status codes. */
    if (RT_LIKELY(   rcStrict >= VINF_EM_FIRST
                  && rcStrict <= VINF_EM_LAST))
    {
        if (RT_LIKELY(   rcStrictCommit >= VINF_EM_FIRST
                      && rcStrictCommit <= VINF_EM_LAST))
            return rcStrict < rcStrictCommit ? rcStrict : rcStrictCommit;
    }

    /* Unlikely */
    return iemR3MergeStatusSlow(rcStrict, rcStrictCommit, iMemMap, pVCpu);
}


/**
 * Called by force-flag handling code when VMCPU_FF_IEM is set.
 *
 * @returns Merge between @a rcStrict and what the commit operation returned.
 * @param   pVM         The cross context VM structure.
 * @param   pVCpu       The cross context virtual CPU structure of the calling EMT.
 * @param   rcStrict    The status code returned by ring-0 or raw-mode.
 */
VMMR3_INT_DECL(VBOXSTRICTRC) IEMR3ProcessForceFlag(PVM pVM, PVMCPUCC pVCpu, VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict)
{
    /*
     * Reset the pending commit.
     */
    AssertMsg(  (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess | pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess | pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess)
              & (IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_1ST | IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_2ND),
              ("%#x %#x %#x\n",
               pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess));
    VMCPU_FF_CLEAR(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_IEM);

    /*
     * Commit the pending bounce buffers (usually just one).
     */
    unsigned cBufs = 0;
    unsigned iMemMap = RT_ELEMENTS(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings);
    while (iMemMap-- > 0)
        if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & (IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_1ST | IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_2ND))
        {
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_TYPE_WRITE);
            Assert(pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_BOUNCE_BUFFERED);
            Assert(!pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].fUnassigned);

            uint16_t const  cbFirst  = pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbFirst;
            uint16_t const  cbSecond = pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].cbSecond;
            uint8_t const  *pbBuf    = &pVCpu->iem.s.aBounceBuffers[iMemMap].ab[0];

            if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_1ST)
            {
                VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrictCommit1 = PGMPhysWrite(pVM,
                                                            pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst,
                                                            pbBuf,
                                                            cbFirst,
                                                            PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
                rcStrict = iemR3MergeStatus(rcStrict, rcStrictCommit1, iMemMap, pVCpu);
                Log(("IEMR3ProcessForceFlag: iMemMap=%u GCPhysFirst=%RGp LB %#x %Rrc => %Rrc\n",
                     iMemMap, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysFirst, cbFirst,
                     VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrictCommit1), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            }

            if (pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess & IEM_ACCESS_PENDING_R3_WRITE_2ND)
            {
                VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrictCommit2 = PGMPhysWrite(pVM,
                                                            pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond,
                                                            pbBuf + cbFirst,
                                                            cbSecond,
                                                            PGMACCESSORIGIN_IEM);
                rcStrict = iemR3MergeStatus(rcStrict, rcStrictCommit2, iMemMap, pVCpu);
                Log(("IEMR3ProcessForceFlag: iMemMap=%u GCPhysSecond=%RGp LB %#x %Rrc => %Rrc\n",
                     iMemMap, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemBbMappings[iMemMap].GCPhysSecond, cbSecond,
                     VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrictCommit2), VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict)));
            }
            cBufs++;
            pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[iMemMap].fAccess = IEM_ACCESS_INVALID;
        }

    AssertMsg(cBufs > 0 && cBufs == pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings,
              ("cBufs=%u cActiveMappings=%u - %#x %#x %#x\n", cBufs, pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings,
               pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[0].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[1].fAccess, pVCpu->iem.s.aMemMappings[2].fAccess));
    pVCpu->iem.s.cActiveMappings = 0;
    return rcStrict;
}

#endif /* IN_RING3 */