tstVBoxAPILinux.cpp@ 44591

Last change on this file since 44591 was 44528, checked in by vboxsync, 12 years ago
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1	/** @file
2	*
3	* tstVBoxAPILinux - sample program to illustrate the VirtualBox
4	* XPCOM API for machine management on Linux.
5	* It only uses standard C/C++ and XPCOM semantics,
6	* no additional VBox classes/macros/helpers.
7	*/
8
9	/*
10	* Copyright (C) 2006-2013 Oracle Corporation
11	*
12	* This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
13	* available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
14	* you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
15	* General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
16	* Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
17	* VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
18	* hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
19	*/
20
21	/*
22	* PURPOSE OF THIS SAMPLE PROGRAM
23	* ------------------------------
24	*
25	* This sample program is intended to demonstrate the minimal code necessary
26	* to use VirtualBox XPCOM API for learning puroses only. The program uses
27	* pure XPCOM and doesn't have any extra dependencies to let you better
28	* understand what is going on when a client talks to the VirtualBox core
29	* using the XPCOM framework.
30	*
31	* However, if you want to write a real application, it is highly recommended
32	* to use our MS COM XPCOM Glue library and helper C++ classes. This way, you
33	* will get at least the following benefits:
34	*
35	* a) better portability: both the MS COM (used on Windows) and XPCOM (used
36	* everywhere else) VirtualBox client application from the same source code
37	* (including common smart C++ templates for automatic interface pointer
38	* reference counter and string data management);
39	* b) simpler XPCOM initialization and shutdown (only a single method call
40	* that does everything right).
41	*
42	* Currently, there is no separate sample program that uses the VirtualBox MS
43	* COM XPCOM Glue library. Please refer to the sources of stock VirtualBox
44	* applications such as the VirtualBox GUI frontend or the VBoxManage command
45	* line frontend.
46	*
47	*
48	* RUNNING THIS SAMPLE PROGRAM
49	* ---------------------------
50	*
51	* This sample program needs to know where the VirtualBox core files reside
52	* and where to search for VirtualBox shared libraries. Therefore, you need to
53	* use the following (or similar) command to execute it:
54	*
55	* $ env VBOX_XPCOM_HOME=../../.. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=../../.. ./tstVBoxAPILinux
56	*
57	* The above command assumes that VBoxRT.so, VBoxXPCOM.so and others reside in
58	* the directory ../../..
59	*/
60
61
62	#include <stdio.h>
63	#include <stdlib.h>
64	#include <iconv.h>
65
66	/*
67	* Include the XPCOM headers
68	*/
69
70	#if defined(XPCOM_GLUE)
71	#include <nsXPCOMGlue.h>
72	#endif
73
74	#include <nsMemory.h>
75	#include <nsString.h>
76	#include <nsIServiceManager.h>
77	#include <nsEventQueueUtils.h>
78
79	#include <nsIExceptionService.h>
80
81	#include <VBox/com/com.h>
82	#include <VBox/com/string.h>
83	#include <VBox/com/array.h>
84	#include <VBox/com/Guid.h>
85	#include <VBox/com/ErrorInfo.h>
86	#include <VBox/com/errorprint.h>
87	#include <VBox/com/EventQueue.h>
88
89	#include <VBox/com/VirtualBox.h>
90
91
92	/*
93	* VirtualBox XPCOM interface. This header is generated
94	* from IDL which in turn is generated from a custom XML format.
95	*/
96	#include "VirtualBox_XPCOM.h"
97
98	/*
99	* Prototypes
100	*/
101
102	char nsIDToString(nsID guid);
103	void printErrorInfo();
104
105
106	/**
107	* Display all registered VMs on the screen with some information about each
108	*
109	* @param virtualBox VirtualBox instance object.
110	*/
111	void listVMs(IVirtualBox *virtualBox)
112	{
113	nsresult rc;
114
115	printf("----------------------------------------------------\n");
116	printf("VM List:\n\n");
117
118	/*
119	* Get the list of all registered VMs
120	*/
121	IMachine **machines = NULL;
122	PRUint32 machineCnt = 0;
123
124	rc = virtualBox->GetMachines(&machineCnt, &machines);
125	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
126	{
127	/*
128	* Iterate through the collection
129	*/
130	for (PRUint32 i = 0; i < machineCnt; ++ i)
131	{
132	IMachine *machine = machines[i];
133	if (machine)
134	{
135	PRBool isAccessible = PR_FALSE;
136	machine->GetAccessible(&isAccessible);
137
138	if (isAccessible)
139	{
140	nsXPIDLString machineName;
141	machine->GetName(getter_Copies(machineName));
142	char *machineNameAscii = ToNewCString(machineName);
143	printf("\tName: %s\n", machineNameAscii);
144	free(machineNameAscii);
145	}
146	else
147	{
148	printf("\tName: <inaccessible>\n");
149	}
150
151	nsXPIDLString iid;
152	machine->GetId(getter_Copies(iid));
153	const char *uuidString = ToNewCString(iid);
154	printf("\tUUID: %s\n", uuidString);
155	free((void*)uuidString);
156
157	if (isAccessible)
158	{
159	nsXPIDLString configFile;
160	machine->GetSettingsFilePath(getter_Copies(configFile));
161	char *configFileAscii = ToNewCString(configFile);
162	printf("\tConfig file: %s\n", configFileAscii);
163	free(configFileAscii);
164
165	PRUint32 memorySize;
166	machine->GetMemorySize(&memorySize);
167	printf("\tMemory size: %uMB\n", memorySize);
168
169	nsXPIDLString typeId;
170	machine->GetOSTypeId(getter_Copies(typeId));
171	IGuestOSType *osType = nsnull;
172	virtualBox->GetGuestOSType (typeId.get(), &osType);
173	nsXPIDLString osName;
174	osType->GetDescription(getter_Copies(osName));
175	char *osNameAscii = ToNewCString(osName);
176	printf("\tGuest OS: %s\n\n", osNameAscii);
177	free(osNameAscii);
178	osType->Release();
179	}
180
181	/* don't forget to release the objects in the array... */
182	machine->Release();
183	}
184	}
185	}
186	printf("----------------------------------------------------\n\n");
187	}
188
189	/**
190	* Create a sample VM
191	*
192	* @param virtualBox VirtualBox instance object.
193	*/
194	void createVM(IVirtualBox *virtualBox)
195	{
196	nsresult rc;
197	/*
198	* First create a unnamed new VM. It will be unconfigured and not be saved
199	* in the configuration until we explicitely choose to do so.
200	*/
201	nsCOMPtr<IMachine> machine;
202	rc = virtualBox->CreateMachine(NULL, /* settings file */
203	NS_LITERAL_STRING("A brand new name").get(),
204	0, nsnull, /* groups (safearray)*/
205	nsnull, /* ostype */
206	nsnull, /* create flags */
207	getter_AddRefs(machine));
208	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
209	{
210	printf("Error: could not create machine! rc=%08X\n", rc);
211	return;
212	}
213
214	/*
215	* Set some properties
216	*/
217	/* alternative to illustrate the use of string classes */
218	rc = machine->SetName(NS_ConvertUTF8toUTF16("A new name").get());
219	rc = machine->SetMemorySize(128);
220
221	/*
222	* Now a more advanced property -- the guest OS type. This is
223	* an object by itself which has to be found first. Note that we
224	* use the ID of the guest OS type here which is an internal
225	* representation (you can find that by configuring the OS type of
226	* a machine in the GUI and then looking at the <Guest ostype=""/>
227	* setting in the XML file. It is also possible to get the OS type from
228	* its description (win2k would be "Windows 2000") by getting the
229	* guest OS type collection and enumerating it.
230	*/
231	nsCOMPtr<IGuestOSType> osType;
232	rc = virtualBox->GetGuestOSType(NS_LITERAL_STRING("win2k").get(),
233	getter_AddRefs(osType));
234	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
235	{
236	printf("Error: could not find guest OS type! rc=%08X\n", rc);
237	}
238	else
239	{
240	machine->SetOSTypeId (NS_LITERAL_STRING("win2k").get());
241	}
242
243	/*
244	* Register the VM. Note that this call also saves the VM config
245	* to disk. It is also possible to save the VM settings but not
246	* register the VM.
247	*
248	* Also note that due to current VirtualBox limitations, the machine
249	* must be registered before we can attach hard disks to it.
250	*/
251	rc = virtualBox->RegisterMachine(machine);
252	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
253	{
254	printf("Error: could not register machine! rc=%08X\n", rc);
255	printErrorInfo();
256	return;
257	}
258
259	/*
260	* In order to manipulate the registered machine, we must open a session
261	* for that machine. Do it now.
262	*/
263	nsCOMPtr<ISession> session;
264	{
265	nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentManager> manager;
266	rc = NS_GetComponentManager (getter_AddRefs (manager));
267	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
268	{
269	printf("Error: could not get component manager! rc=%08X\n", rc);
270	return;
271	}
272	rc = manager->CreateInstanceByContractID (NS_SESSION_CONTRACTID,
273	nsnull,
274	NS_GET_IID(ISession),
275	getter_AddRefs(session));
276	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
277	{
278	printf("Error, could not instantiate session object! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
279	return;
280	}
281
282	rc = machine->LockMachine(session, LockType_Write);
283	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
284	{
285	printf("Error, could not lock the machine for the session! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
286	return;
287	}
288
289	/*
290	* After the machine is registered, the initial machine object becomes
291	* immutable. In order to get a mutable machine object, we must query
292	* it from the opened session object.
293	*/
294	rc = session->GetMachine(getter_AddRefs(machine));
295	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
296	{
297	printf("Error, could not get machine session! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
298	return;
299	}
300	}
301
302	/*
303	* Create a virtual harddisk
304	*/
305	nsCOMPtr<IMedium> hardDisk = 0;
306	rc = virtualBox->CreateHardDisk(NS_LITERAL_STRING("VDI").get(),
307	NS_LITERAL_STRING("TestHardDisk.vdi").get(),
308	getter_AddRefs(hardDisk));
309	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
310	{
311	printf("Failed creating a hard disk object! rc=%08X\n", rc);
312	}
313	else
314	{
315	/*
316	* We have only created an object so far. No on disk representation exists
317	* because none of its properties has been set so far. Let's continue creating
318	* a dynamically expanding image.
319	*/
320	nsCOMPtr <IProgress> progress;
321	com::SafeArray<MediumVariant_T> mediumVariant(sizeof(MediumVariant_T)*8);
322	mediumVariant.push_back(MediumVariant_Standard);
323	rc = hardDisk->CreateBaseStorage(100, // size in megabytes
324	ComSafeArrayAsInParam(mediumVariant),
325	getter_AddRefs(progress)); // optional progress object
326	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
327	{
328	printf("Failed creating hard disk image! rc=%08X\n", rc);
329	}
330	else
331	{
332	/*
333	* Creating the image is done in the background because it can take quite
334	* some time (at least fixed size images). We have to wait for its completion.
335	* Here we wait forever (timeout -1) which is potentially dangerous.
336	*/
337	rc = progress->WaitForCompletion(-1);
338	PRInt32 resultCode;
339	progress->GetResultCode(&resultCode);
340	if (NS_FAILED(rc) \|\| NS_FAILED(resultCode))
341	{
342	printf("Error: could not create hard disk! rc=%08X\n",
343	NS_FAILED(rc) ? rc : resultCode);
344	}
345	else
346	{
347	/*
348	* Now that it's created, we can assign it to the VM.
349	*/
350	rc = machine->AttachDevice(NS_LITERAL_STRING("IDE Controller").get(), // controller identifier
351	0, // channel number on the controller
352	0, // device number on the controller
353	DeviceType_HardDisk,
354	hardDisk);
355	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
356	{
357	printf("Error: could not attach hard disk! rc=%08X\n", rc);
358	}
359	}
360	}
361	}
362
363	/*
364	* It's got a hard disk but that one is new and thus not bootable. Make it
365	* boot from an ISO file. This requires some processing. First the ISO file
366	* has to be registered and then mounted to the VM's DVD drive and selected
367	* as the boot device.
368	*/
369	nsCOMPtr<IMedium> dvdImage;
370	rc = virtualBox->OpenMedium(NS_LITERAL_STRING("/home/vbox/isos/winnt4ger.iso").get(),
371	DeviceType_DVD,
372	AccessMode_ReadOnly,
373	false /* fForceNewUuid */,
374	getter_AddRefs(dvdImage));
375	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
376	printf("Error: could not open CD image! rc=%08X\n", rc);
377	else
378	{
379	/*
380	* Now assign it to our VM
381	*/
382	rc = machine->MountMedium(NS_LITERAL_STRING("IDE Controller").get(), // controller identifier
383	2, // channel number on the controller
384	0, // device number on the controller
385	dvdImage,
386	PR_FALSE); // aForce
387	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
388	{
389	printf("Error: could not mount ISO image! rc=%08X\n", rc);
390	}
391	else
392	{
393	/*
394	* Last step: tell the VM to boot from the CD.
395	*/
396	rc = machine->SetBootOrder (1, DeviceType::DVD);
397	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
398	{
399	printf("Could not set boot device! rc=%08X\n", rc);
400	}
401	}
402	}
403
404	/*
405	* Save all changes we've just made.
406	*/
407	rc = machine->SaveSettings();
408	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
409	{
410	printf("Could not save machine settings! rc=%08X\n", rc);
411	}
412
413	/*
414	* It is always important to close the open session when it becomes not
415	* necessary any more.
416	*/
417	session->UnlockMachine();
418	}
419
420	// main
421	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
422
423	int main(int argc, char *argv[])
424	{
425	/*
426	* Check that PRUnichar is equal in size to what compiler composes L""
427	* strings from; otherwise NS_LITERAL_STRING macros won't work correctly
428	* and we will get a meaningless SIGSEGV. This, of course, must be checked
429	* at compile time in xpcom/string/nsTDependentString.h, but XPCOM lacks
430	* compile-time assert macros and I'm not going to add them now.
431	*/
432	if (sizeof(PRUnichar) != sizeof(wchar_t))
433	{
434	printf("Error: sizeof(PRUnichar) {%lu} != sizeof(wchar_t) {%lu}!\n"
435	"Probably, you forgot the -fshort-wchar compiler option.\n",
436	(unsigned long) sizeof(PRUnichar),
437	(unsigned long) sizeof(wchar_t));
438	return -1;
439	}
440
441	nsresult rc;
442
443	/*
444	* This is the standard XPCOM init procedure.
445	* What we do is just follow the required steps to get an instance
446	* of our main interface, which is IVirtualBox.
447	*/
448	#if defined(XPCOM_GLUE)
449	XPCOMGlueStartup(nsnull);
450	#endif
451
452	/*
453	* Note that we scope all nsCOMPtr variables in order to have all XPCOM
454	* objects automatically released before we call NS_ShutdownXPCOM at the
455	* end. This is an XPCOM requirement.
456	*/
457	{
458	nsCOMPtr<nsIServiceManager> serviceManager;
459	rc = NS_InitXPCOM2(getter_AddRefs(serviceManager), nsnull, nsnull);
460	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
461	{
462	printf("Error: XPCOM could not be initialized! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
463	return -1;
464	}
465
466	#if 0
467	/*
468	* Register our components. This step is only necessary if this executable
469	* implements XPCOM components itself which is not the case for this
470	* simple example.
471	*/
472	nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentRegistrar> registrar = do_QueryInterface(serviceManager);
473	if (!registrar)
474	{
475	printf("Error: could not query nsIComponentRegistrar interface!\n");
476	return -1;
477	}
478	registrar->AutoRegister(nsnull);
479	#endif
480
481	/*
482	* Make sure the main event queue is created. This event queue is
483	* responsible for dispatching incoming XPCOM IPC messages. The main
484	* thread should run this event queue's loop during lengthy non-XPCOM
485	* operations to ensure messages from the VirtualBox server and other
486	* XPCOM IPC clients are processed. This use case doesn't perform such
487	* operations so it doesn't run the event loop.
488	*/
489	nsCOMPtr<nsIEventQueue> eventQ;
490	rc = NS_GetMainEventQ(getter_AddRefs (eventQ));
491	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
492	{
493	printf("Error: could not get main event queue! rc=%08X\n", rc);
494	return -1;
495	}
496
497	/*
498	* Now XPCOM is ready and we can start to do real work.
499	* IVirtualBox is the root interface of VirtualBox and will be
500	* retrieved from the XPCOM component manager. We use the
501	* XPCOM provided smart pointer nsCOMPtr for all objects because
502	* that's very convenient and removes the need deal with reference
503	* counting and freeing.
504	*/
505	nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentManager> manager;
506	rc = NS_GetComponentManager (getter_AddRefs (manager));
507	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
508	{
509	printf("Error: could not get component manager! rc=%08X\n", rc);
510	return -1;
511	}
512
513	nsCOMPtr<IVirtualBox> virtualBox;
514	rc = manager->CreateInstanceByContractID (NS_VIRTUALBOX_CONTRACTID,
515	nsnull,
516	NS_GET_IID(IVirtualBox),
517	getter_AddRefs(virtualBox));
518	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
519	{
520	printf("Error, could not instantiate VirtualBox object! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
521	return -1;
522	}
523	printf("VirtualBox object created\n");
524
525	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
526	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
527	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
528
529
530	listVMs(virtualBox);
531
532	createVM(virtualBox);
533
534
535	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
536	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
537	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
538
539	/* this is enough to free the IVirtualBox instance -- smart pointers rule! */
540	virtualBox = nsnull;
541
542	/*
543	* Process events that might have queued up in the XPCOM event
544	* queue. If we don't process them, the server might hang.
545	*/
546	eventQ->ProcessPendingEvents();
547	}
548
549	/*
550	* Perform the standard XPCOM shutdown procedure.
551	*/
552	NS_ShutdownXPCOM(nsnull);
553	#if defined(XPCOM_GLUE)
554	XPCOMGlueShutdown();
555	#endif
556	printf("Done!\n");
557	return 0;
558	}
559
560
561	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
562	//// Helpers
563	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
564
565	/**
566	* Helper function to convert an nsID into a human readable string
567	*
568	* @returns result string, allocated. Has to be freed using free()
569	* @param guid Pointer to nsID that will be converted.
570	*/
571	char nsIDToString(nsID guid)
572	{
573	char res = (char)malloc(39);
574
575	if (res != NULL)
576	{
577	snprintf(res, 39, "{%08x-%04x-%04x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x}",
578	guid->m0, (PRUint32)guid->m1, (PRUint32)guid->m2,
579	(PRUint32)guid->m3[0], (PRUint32)guid->m3[1], (PRUint32)guid->m3[2],
580	(PRUint32)guid->m3[3], (PRUint32)guid->m3[4], (PRUint32)guid->m3[5],
581	(PRUint32)guid->m3[6], (PRUint32)guid->m3[7]);
582	}
583	return res;
584	}
585
586	/**
587	* Helper function to print XPCOM exception information set on the current
588	* thread after a failed XPCOM method call. This function will also print
589	* extended VirtualBox error info if it is available.
590	*/
591	void printErrorInfo()
592	{
593	nsresult rc;
594
595	nsCOMPtr <nsIExceptionService> es;
596	es = do_GetService (NS_EXCEPTIONSERVICE_CONTRACTID, &rc);
597	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
598	{
599	nsCOMPtr <nsIExceptionManager> em;
600	rc = es->GetCurrentExceptionManager (getter_AddRefs (em));
601	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
602	{
603	nsCOMPtr<nsIException> ex;
604	rc = em->GetCurrentException (getter_AddRefs (ex));
605	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc) && ex)
606	{
607	nsCOMPtr <IVirtualBoxErrorInfo> info;
608	info = do_QueryInterface(ex, &rc);
609	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc) && info)
610	{
611	/* got extended error info */
612	printf ("Extended error info (IVirtualBoxErrorInfo):\n");
613	PRInt32 resultCode = NS_OK;
614	info->GetResultCode (&resultCode);
615	printf (" resultCode=%08X\n", resultCode);
616	nsXPIDLString component;
617	info->GetComponent (getter_Copies (component));
618	printf (" component=%s\n", NS_ConvertUTF16toUTF8(component).get());
619	nsXPIDLString text;
620	info->GetText (getter_Copies (text));
621	printf (" text=%s\n", NS_ConvertUTF16toUTF8(text).get());
622	}
623	else
624	{
625	/* got basic error info */
626	printf ("Basic error info (nsIException):\n");
627	nsresult resultCode = NS_OK;
628	ex->GetResult (&resultCode);
629	printf (" resultCode=%08X\n", resultCode);
630	nsXPIDLCString message;
631	ex->GetMessage (getter_Copies (message));
632	printf (" message=%s\n", message.get());
633	}
634
635	/* reset the exception to NULL to indicate we've processed it */
636	em->SetCurrentException (NULL);
637
638	rc = NS_OK;
639	}
640	}
641	}
642	}

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source: vbox/trunk/src/VBox/Main/testcase/tstVBoxAPILinux.cpp@ 44591

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