tstVBoxAPILinux.cpp@ 30760

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1	/** @file
2	*
3	* tstVBoxAPILinux - sample program to illustrate the VirtualBox
4	* XPCOM API for machine management on Linux.
5	* It only uses standard C/C++ and XPCOM semantics,
6	* no additional VBox classes/macros/helpers.
7	*/
8
9	/*
10	* Copyright (C) 2006-2010 Oracle Corporation
11	*
12	* This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
13	* available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
14	* you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
15	* General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
16	* Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
17	* VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
18	* hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
19	*/
20
21	/*
22	* PURPOSE OF THIS SAMPLE PROGRAM
23	* ------------------------------
24	*
25	* This sample program is intended to demonstrate the minimal code necessary
26	* to use VirtualBox XPCOM API for learning puroses only. The program uses
27	* pure XPCOM and doesn't have any extra dependencies to let you better
28	* understand what is going on when a client talks to the VirtualBox core
29	* using the XPCOM framework.
30	*
31	* However, if you want to write a real application, it is highly recommended
32	* to use our MS COM XPCOM Glue library and helper C++ classes. This way, you
33	* will get at least the following benefits:
34	*
35	* a) better portability: both the MS COM (used on Windows) and XPCOM (used
36	* everywhere else) VirtualBox client application from the same source code
37	* (including common smart C++ templates for automatic interface pointer
38	* reference counter and string data management);
39	* b) simpler XPCOM initialization and shutdown (only a signle method call
40	* that does everything right).
41	*
42	* Currently, there is no separate sample program that uses the VirtualBox MS
43	* COM XPCOM Glue library. Please refer to the sources of stock VirtualBox
44	* applications such as the VirtualBox GUI frontend or the VBoxManage command
45	* line frontend.
46	*
47	*
48	* RUNNING THIS SAMPLE PROGRAM
49	* ---------------------------
50	*
51	* This sample program needs to know where the VirtualBox core files reside
52	* and where to search for VirtualBox shared libraries. Therefore, you need to
53	* use the following (or similar) command to execute it:
54	*
55	* $ env VBOX_XPCOM_HOME=../../.. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=../../.. ./tstVBoxAPILinux
56	*
57	* The above command assumes that VBoxRT.so, VBoxXPCOM.so and others reside in
58	* the directory ../../..
59	*/
60
61
62	#include <stdio.h>
63	#include <stdlib.h>
64	#include <iconv.h>
65	#include <errno.h>
66
67	/*
68	* Include the XPCOM headers
69	*/
70
71	#if defined(XPCOM_GLUE)
72	#include <nsXPCOMGlue.h>
73	#endif
74
75	#include <nsMemory.h>
76	#include <nsString.h>
77	#include <nsIServiceManager.h>
78	#include <nsEventQueueUtils.h>
79
80	#include <nsIExceptionService.h>
81
82	/*
83	* VirtualBox XPCOM interface. This header is generated
84	* from IDL which in turn is generated from a custom XML format.
85	*/
86	#include "VirtualBox_XPCOM.h"
87
88	/*
89	* Prototypes
90	*/
91
92	char nsIDToString(nsID guid);
93	void printErrorInfo();
94
95
96	/**
97	* Display all registered VMs on the screen with some information about each
98	*
99	* @param virtualBox VirtualBox instance object.
100	*/
101	void listVMs(IVirtualBox *virtualBox)
102	{
103	nsresult rc;
104
105	printf("----------------------------------------------------\n");
106	printf("VM List:\n\n");
107
108	/*
109	* Get the list of all registered VMs
110	*/
111	IMachine **machines = NULL;
112	PRUint32 machineCnt = 0;
113
114	rc = virtualBox->GetMachines(&machineCnt, &machines);
115	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
116	{
117	/*
118	* Iterate through the collection
119	*/
120	for (PRUint32 i = 0; i < machineCnt; ++ i)
121	{
122	IMachine *machine = machines[i];
123	if (machine)
124	{
125	PRBool isAccessible = PR_FALSE;
126	machine->GetAccessible(&isAccessible);
127
128	if (isAccessible)
129	{
130	nsXPIDLString machineName;
131	machine->GetName(getter_Copies(machineName));
132	char *machineNameAscii = ToNewCString(machineName);
133	printf("\tName: %s\n", machineNameAscii);
134	free(machineNameAscii);
135	}
136	else
137	{
138	printf("\tName: <inaccessible>\n");
139	}
140
141	nsXPIDLString iid;
142	machine->GetId(getter_Copies(iid));
143	const char *uuidString = ToNewCString(iid);
144	printf("\tUUID: %s\n", uuidString);
145	free((void*)uuidString);
146
147	if (isAccessible)
148	{
149	nsXPIDLString configFile;
150	machine->GetSettingsFilePath(getter_Copies(configFile));
151	char *configFileAscii = ToNewCString(configFile);
152	printf("\tConfig file: %s\n", configFileAscii);
153	free(configFileAscii);
154
155	PRUint32 memorySize;
156	machine->GetMemorySize(&memorySize);
157	printf("\tMemory size: %uMB\n", memorySize);
158
159	nsXPIDLString typeId;
160	machine->GetOSTypeId(getter_Copies(typeId));
161	IGuestOSType *osType = nsnull;
162	virtualBox->GetGuestOSType (typeId.get(), &osType);
163	nsXPIDLString osName;
164	osType->GetDescription(getter_Copies(osName));
165	char *osNameAscii = ToNewCString(osName);
166	printf("\tGuest OS: %s\n\n", osNameAscii);
167	free(osNameAscii);
168	osType->Release();
169	}
170
171	/* don't forget to release the objects in the array... */
172	machine->Release();
173	}
174	}
175	}
176	printf("----------------------------------------------------\n\n");
177	}
178
179	/**
180	* Create a sample VM
181	*
182	* @param virtualBox VirtualBox instance object.
183	*/
184	void createVM(IVirtualBox *virtualBox)
185	{
186	nsresult rc;
187	/*
188	* First create a unnamed new VM. It will be unconfigured and not be saved
189	* in the configuration until we explicitely choose to do so.
190	*/
191	nsCOMPtr <IMachine> machine;
192	rc = virtualBox->CreateMachine(NS_LITERAL_STRING("A brand new name").get(),
193	nsnull, nsnull, nsnull, false, getter_AddRefs(machine));
194	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
195	{
196	printf("Error: could not create machine! rc=%08X\n", rc);
197	return;
198	}
199
200	/*
201	* Set some properties
202	*/
203	/* alternative to illustrate the use of string classes */
204	rc = machine->SetName(NS_ConvertUTF8toUTF16("A new name").get());
205	rc = machine->SetMemorySize(128);
206
207	/*
208	* Now a more advanced property -- the guest OS type. This is
209	* an object by itself which has to be found first. Note that we
210	* use the ID of the guest OS type here which is an internal
211	* representation (you can find that by configuring the OS type of
212	* a machine in the GUI and then looking at the <Guest ostype=""/>
213	* setting in the XML file. It is also possible to get the OS type from
214	* its description (win2k would be "Windows 2000") by getting the
215	* guest OS type collection and enumerating it.
216	*/
217	nsCOMPtr <IGuestOSType> osType;
218	rc = virtualBox->GetGuestOSType(NS_LITERAL_STRING("win2k").get(),
219	getter_AddRefs(osType));
220	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
221	{
222	printf("Error: could not find guest OS type! rc=%08X\n", rc);
223	}
224	else
225	{
226	machine->SetOSTypeId (NS_LITERAL_STRING("win2k").get());
227	}
228
229	/*
230	* Register the VM. Note that this call also saves the VM config
231	* to disk. It is also possible to save the VM settings but not
232	* register the VM.
233	*
234	* Also note that due to current VirtualBox limitations, the machine
235	* must be registered before we can attach hard disks to it.
236	*/
237	rc = virtualBox->RegisterMachine(machine);
238	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
239	{
240	printf("Error: could not register machine! rc=%08X\n", rc);
241	printErrorInfo();
242	return;
243	}
244
245	/*
246	* In order to manipulate the registered machine, we must open a session
247	* for that machine. Do it now.
248	*/
249	nsCOMPtr<ISession> session;
250	{
251	nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentManager> manager;
252	rc = NS_GetComponentManager (getter_AddRefs (manager));
253	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
254	{
255	printf("Error: could not get component manager! rc=%08X\n", rc);
256	return;
257	}
258	rc = manager->CreateInstanceByContractID (NS_SESSION_CONTRACTID,
259	nsnull,
260	NS_GET_IID(ISession),
261	getter_AddRefs(session));
262	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
263	{
264	printf("Error, could not instantiate Session object! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
265	return;
266	}
267
268	nsXPIDLString machineUUID;
269	machine->GetId(getter_Copies(machineUUID));
270	rc = virtualBox->OpenSession(session, machineUUID);
271	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
272	{
273	printf("Error, could not open session! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
274	return;
275	}
276
277	/*
278	* After the machine is registered, the initial machine object becomes
279	* immutable. In order to get a mutable machine object, we must query
280	* it from the opened session object.
281	*/
282	rc = session->GetMachine(getter_AddRefs(machine));
283	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
284	{
285	printf("Error, could not get sessioned machine! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
286	return;
287	}
288	}
289
290	/*
291	* Create a virtual harddisk
292	*/
293	nsCOMPtr<IMedium> hardDisk = 0;
294	rc = virtualBox->CreateHardDisk(NS_LITERAL_STRING("VDI").get(),
295	NS_LITERAL_STRING("TestHardDisk.vdi").get(),
296	getter_AddRefs(hardDisk));
297	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
298	{
299	printf("Failed creating a hard disk object! rc=%08X\n", rc);
300	}
301	else
302	{
303	/*
304	* We have only created an object so far. No on disk representation exists
305	* because none of its properties has been set so far. Let's continue creating
306	* a dynamically expanding image.
307	*/
308	nsCOMPtr <IProgress> progress;
309	rc = hardDisk->CreateBaseStorage(100, // size in megabytes
310	MediumVariant_Standard,
311	getter_AddRefs(progress)); // optional progress object
312	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
313	{
314	printf("Failed creating hard disk image! rc=%08X\n", rc);
315	}
316	else
317	{
318	/*
319	* Creating the image is done in the background because it can take quite
320	* some time (at least fixed size images). We have to wait for its completion.
321	* Here we wait forever (timeout -1) which is potentially dangerous.
322	*/
323	rc = progress->WaitForCompletion(-1);
324	PRInt32 resultCode;
325	progress->GetResultCode(&resultCode);
326	if (NS_FAILED(rc) \|\| NS_FAILED(resultCode))
327	{
328	printf("Error: could not create hard disk! rc=%08X\n",
329	NS_FAILED(rc) ? rc : resultCode);
330	}
331	else
332	{
333	/*
334	* Now that it's created, we can assign it to the VM. This is done
335	* by UUID, so query that one fist. The UUID has been assigned automatically
336	* when we've created the image.
337	*/
338	nsXPIDLString vdiUUID;
339	hardDisk->GetId(getter_Copies(vdiUUID));
340	rc = machine->AttachDevice(NS_LITERAL_STRING("IDE Controller").get(), // controller identifier
341	0, // channel number on the controller
342	0, // device number on the controller
343	DeviceType_HardDisk,
344	vdiUUID);
345	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
346	{
347	printf("Error: could not attach hard disk! rc=%08X\n", rc);
348	}
349	}
350	}
351	}
352
353	/*
354	* It's got a hard disk but that one is new and thus not bootable. Make it
355	* boot from an ISO file. This requires some processing. First the ISO file
356	* has to be registered and then mounted to the VM's DVD drive and selected
357	* as the boot device.
358	*/
359	nsCOMPtr<IMedium> dvdImage;
360
361	rc = virtualBox->OpenDVDImage(NS_LITERAL_STRING("/home/vbox/isos/winnt4ger.iso").get(),
362	nsnull, /* NULL UUID, i.e. a new one will be created */
363	getter_AddRefs(dvdImage));
364	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
365	{
366	printf("Error: could not open CD image! rc=%08X\n", rc);
367	}
368	else
369	{
370	/*
371	* Now assign it to our VM
372	*/
373	nsXPIDLString isoUUID;
374	dvdImage->GetId(getter_Copies(isoUUID));
375	rc = machine->MountMedium(NS_LITERAL_STRING("IDE Controller").get(), // controller identifier
376	2, // channel number on the controller
377	0, // device number on the controller
378	isoUUID,
379	PR_FALSE); // aForce
380	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
381	{
382	printf("Error: could not mount ISO image! rc=%08X\n", rc);
383	}
384	else
385	{
386	/*
387	* Last step: tell the VM to boot from the CD.
388	*/
389	rc = machine->SetBootOrder (1, DeviceType::DVD);
390	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
391	{
392	printf("Could not set boot device! rc=%08X\n", rc);
393	}
394	}
395	}
396
397	/*
398	* Save all changes we've just made.
399	*/
400	rc = machine->SaveSettings();
401	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
402	{
403	printf("Could not save machine settings! rc=%08X\n", rc);
404	}
405
406	/*
407	* It is always important to close the open session when it becomes not
408	* necessary any more.
409	*/
410	session->Close();
411	}
412
413	// main
414	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
415
416	int main(int argc, char *argv[])
417	{
418	/*
419	* Check that PRUnichar is equal in size to what compiler composes L""
420	* strings from; otherwise NS_LITERAL_STRING macros won't work correctly
421	* and we will get a meaningless SIGSEGV. This, of course, must be checked
422	* at compile time in xpcom/string/nsTDependentString.h, but XPCOM lacks
423	* compile-time assert macros and I'm not going to add them now.
424	*/
425	if (sizeof(PRUnichar) != sizeof(wchar_t))
426	{
427	printf("Error: sizeof(PRUnichar) {%lu} != sizeof(wchar_t) {%lu}!\n"
428	"Probably, you forgot the -fshort-wchar compiler option.\n",
429	(unsigned long) sizeof(PRUnichar),
430	(unsigned long) sizeof(wchar_t));
431	return -1;
432	}
433
434	nsresult rc;
435
436	/*
437	* This is the standard XPCOM init procedure.
438	* What we do is just follow the required steps to get an instance
439	* of our main interface, which is IVirtualBox.
440	*/
441	#if defined(XPCOM_GLUE)
442	XPCOMGlueStartup(nsnull);
443	#endif
444
445	/*
446	* Note that we scope all nsCOMPtr variables in order to have all XPCOM
447	* objects automatically released before we call NS_ShutdownXPCOM at the
448	* end. This is an XPCOM requirement.
449	*/
450	{
451	nsCOMPtr<nsIServiceManager> serviceManager;
452	rc = NS_InitXPCOM2(getter_AddRefs(serviceManager), nsnull, nsnull);
453	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
454	{
455	printf("Error: XPCOM could not be initialized! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
456	return -1;
457	}
458
459	#if 0
460	/*
461	* Register our components. This step is only necessary if this executable
462	* implements XPCOM components itself which is not the case for this
463	* simple example.
464	*/
465	nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentRegistrar> registrar = do_QueryInterface(serviceManager);
466	if (!registrar)
467	{
468	printf("Error: could not query nsIComponentRegistrar interface!\n");
469	return -1;
470	}
471	registrar->AutoRegister(nsnull);
472	#endif
473
474	/*
475	* Make sure the main event queue is created. This event queue is
476	* responsible for dispatching incoming XPCOM IPC messages. The main
477	* thread should run this event queue's loop during lengthy non-XPCOM
478	* operations to ensure messages from the VirtualBox server and other
479	* XPCOM IPC clients are processed. This use case doesn't perform such
480	* operations so it doesn't run the event loop.
481	*/
482	nsCOMPtr<nsIEventQueue> eventQ;
483	rc = NS_GetMainEventQ(getter_AddRefs (eventQ));
484	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
485	{
486	printf("Error: could not get main event queue! rc=%08X\n", rc);
487	return -1;
488	}
489
490	/*
491	* Now XPCOM is ready and we can start to do real work.
492	* IVirtualBox is the root interface of VirtualBox and will be
493	* retrieved from the XPCOM component manager. We use the
494	* XPCOM provided smart pointer nsCOMPtr for all objects because
495	* that's very convenient and removes the need deal with reference
496	* counting and freeing.
497	*/
498	nsCOMPtr<nsIComponentManager> manager;
499	rc = NS_GetComponentManager (getter_AddRefs (manager));
500	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
501	{
502	printf("Error: could not get component manager! rc=%08X\n", rc);
503	return -1;
504	}
505
506	nsCOMPtr<IVirtualBox> virtualBox;
507	rc = manager->CreateInstanceByContractID (NS_VIRTUALBOX_CONTRACTID,
508	nsnull,
509	NS_GET_IID(IVirtualBox),
510	getter_AddRefs(virtualBox));
511	if (NS_FAILED(rc))
512	{
513	printf("Error, could not instantiate VirtualBox object! rc=0x%x\n", rc);
514	return -1;
515	}
516	printf("VirtualBox object created\n");
517
518	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
519	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
520	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
521
522
523	listVMs(virtualBox);
524
525	createVM(virtualBox);
526
527
528	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
529	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
530	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
531
532	/* this is enough to free the IVirtualBox instance -- smart pointers rule! */
533	virtualBox = nsnull;
534
535	/*
536	* Process events that might have queued up in the XPCOM event
537	* queue. If we don't process them, the server might hang.
538	*/
539	eventQ->ProcessPendingEvents();
540	}
541
542	/*
543	* Perform the standard XPCOM shutdown procedure.
544	*/
545	NS_ShutdownXPCOM(nsnull);
546	#if defined(XPCOM_GLUE)
547	XPCOMGlueShutdown();
548	#endif
549	printf("Done!\n");
550	return 0;
551	}
552
553
554	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
555	//// Helpers
556	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
557
558	/**
559	* Helper function to convert an nsID into a human readable string
560	*
561	* @returns result string, allocated. Has to be freed using free()
562	* @param guid Pointer to nsID that will be converted.
563	*/
564	char nsIDToString(nsID guid)
565	{
566	char res = (char)malloc(39);
567
568	if (res != NULL)
569	{
570	snprintf(res, 39, "{%08x-%04x-%04x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x}",
571	guid->m0, (PRUint32)guid->m1, (PRUint32)guid->m2,
572	(PRUint32)guid->m3[0], (PRUint32)guid->m3[1], (PRUint32)guid->m3[2],
573	(PRUint32)guid->m3[3], (PRUint32)guid->m3[4], (PRUint32)guid->m3[5],
574	(PRUint32)guid->m3[6], (PRUint32)guid->m3[7]);
575	}
576	return res;
577	}
578
579	/**
580	* Helper function to print XPCOM exception information set on the current
581	* thread after a failed XPCOM method call. This function will also print
582	* extended VirtualBox error info if it is available.
583	*/
584	void printErrorInfo()
585	{
586	nsresult rc;
587
588	nsCOMPtr <nsIExceptionService> es;
589	es = do_GetService (NS_EXCEPTIONSERVICE_CONTRACTID, &rc);
590	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
591	{
592	nsCOMPtr <nsIExceptionManager> em;
593	rc = es->GetCurrentExceptionManager (getter_AddRefs (em));
594	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc))
595	{
596	nsCOMPtr<nsIException> ex;
597	rc = em->GetCurrentException (getter_AddRefs (ex));
598	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc) && ex)
599	{
600	nsCOMPtr <IVirtualBoxErrorInfo> info;
601	info = do_QueryInterface(ex, &rc);
602	if (NS_SUCCEEDED(rc) && info)
603	{
604	/* got extended error info */
605	printf ("Extended error info (IVirtualBoxErrorInfo):\n");
606	PRInt32 resultCode = NS_OK;
607	info->GetResultCode (&resultCode);
608	printf (" resultCode=%08X\n", resultCode);
609	nsXPIDLString component;
610	info->GetComponent (getter_Copies (component));
611	printf (" component=%s\n", NS_ConvertUTF16toUTF8(component).get());
612	nsXPIDLString text;
613	info->GetText (getter_Copies (text));
614	printf (" text=%s\n", NS_ConvertUTF16toUTF8(text).get());
615	}
616	else
617	{
618	/* got basic error info */
619	printf ("Basic error info (nsIException):\n");
620	nsresult resultCode = NS_OK;
621	ex->GetResult (&resultCode);
622	printf (" resultCode=%08X\n", resultCode);
623	nsXPIDLCString message;
624	ex->GetMessage (getter_Copies (message));
625	printf (" message=%s\n", message.get());
626	}
627
628	/* reset the exception to NULL to indicate we've processed it */
629	em->SetCurrentException (NULL);
630
631	rc = NS_OK;
632	}
633	}
634	}
635	}

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source: vbox/trunk/src/VBox/Main/testcase/tstVBoxAPILinux.cpp@ 30760

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