source: vbox/trunk/include/iprt/cdefs.h@ 93483

/** @file
 * IPRT - Common C and C++ definitions.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Oracle Corporation
 *
 * This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
 * available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
 * you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
 * General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
 * hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
 *
 * The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
 * of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
 * (CDDL) only, as it comes in the "COPYING.CDDL" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution, in which case the provisions of the
 * CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
 *
 * You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
 * terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
 */

#ifndef IPRT_INCLUDED_cdefs_h
#define IPRT_INCLUDED_cdefs_h
#ifndef RT_WITHOUT_PRAGMA_ONCE
# pragma once
#endif


/** @defgroup grp_rt_cdefs  IPRT Common Definitions and Macros
 * @{
 */

/** @def RT_C_DECLS_BEGIN
 * Used to start a block of function declarations which are shared
 * between C and C++ program.
 */

/** @def RT_C_DECLS_END
 * Used to end a block of function declarations which are shared
 * between C and C++ program.
 */

#if defined(__cplusplus)
# define RT_C_DECLS_BEGIN extern "C" {
# define RT_C_DECLS_END   }
#else
# define RT_C_DECLS_BEGIN
# define RT_C_DECLS_END
#endif


/*
 * Shut up DOXYGEN warnings and guide it properly thru the code.
 */
#ifdef DOXYGEN_RUNNING
# define __AMD64__
# define __X86__
# define RT_ARCH_AMD64
# define RT_ARCH_X86
# define RT_ARCH_SPARC
# define RT_ARCH_SPARC64
# define RT_ARCH_ARM32
# define RT_ARCH_ARM64
# define IN_RING0
# define IN_RING3
# define IN_RC
# define IN_RT_RC
# define IN_RT_R0
# define IN_RT_R3
# define IN_RT_STATIC
# define RT_STRICT
# define RT_NO_STRICT
# define RT_LOCK_STRICT
# define RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT
# define RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER
# define RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT_ORDER
# define RT_BREAKPOINT
# define RT_NO_DEPRECATED_MACROS
# define RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
# define RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LITTLE_ENDIAN
# define RT_COMPILER_GROKS_64BIT_BITFIELDS
# define RT_COMPILER_WITH_80BIT_LONG_DOUBLE
# define RT_COMPILER_WITH_128BIT_INT_TYPES
# define RT_NO_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN
# define RT_GCC_SUPPORTS_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN
# define RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS
# define RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_LAMBDA
#endif /* DOXYGEN_RUNNING */

/** @def RT_ARCH_X86
 * Indicates that we're compiling for the X86 architecture.
 */

/** @def RT_ARCH_AMD64
 * Indicates that we're compiling for the AMD64 architecture.
 */

/** @def RT_ARCH_SPARC
 * Indicates that we're compiling for the SPARC V8 architecture (32-bit).
 */

/** @def RT_ARCH_SPARC64
 * Indicates that we're compiling for the SPARC V9 architecture (64-bit).
 */

/** @def RT_ARCH_ARM32
 * Indicates that we're compiling for the 32-bit ARM architecture, the value
 * is the version (i.e. 6 for ARMv6).
 */

/** @def RT_ARCH_ARM64
 * Indicates that we're compiling for the 64-bit ARM architecture.
 */

#if !defined(RT_ARCH_X86) \
 && !defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) \
 && !defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC) \
 && !defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64) \
 && !defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) \
 && !defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64)
# if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__AMD64__)
#  define RT_ARCH_AMD64
# elif defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__X86__)
#  define RT_ARCH_X86
# elif defined(__sparcv9)
#  define RT_ARCH_SPARC64
# elif defined(__sparc__)
#  define RT_ARCH_SPARC
# elif defined(__arm64__) || defined(__aarch64__)
#  define RT_ARCH_ARM64 __ARM_ARCH
# elif defined(__arm__)
#  define RT_ARCH_ARM32 __ARM_ARCH
# elif defined(__arm32__)
#  define RT_ARCH_ARM32 __ARM_ARCH
# else /* PORTME: append test for new archs. */
#  error "Check what predefined macros your compiler uses to indicate architecture."
# endif
/* PORTME: append new archs checks. */
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_X86 and RT_ARCH_AMD64 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_X86 and RT_ARCH_SPARC cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_X86 and RT_ARCH_SPARC64 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_AMD64 and RT_ARCH_SPARC cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_AMD64 and RT_ARCH_SPARC64 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_SPARC and RT_ARCH_SPARC64 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM32 and RT_ARCH_AMD64 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM32 and RT_ARCH_X86 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM32 and RT_ARCH_SPARC64 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM32 and RT_ARCH_SPARC cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64) && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM64 and RT_ARCH_AMD64 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64) && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM64 and RT_ARCH_X86 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM64 and RT_ARCH_SPARC64 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64) && defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM64 and RT_ARCH_SPARC cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64) && defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32)
# error "Both RT_ARCH_ARM64 and RT_ARCH_ARM32 cannot be defined at the same time!"
#endif
#ifdef RT_ARCH_ARM
# error "RT_ARCH_ARM is now RT_ARCH_ARM32!"
#endif

/* Final check (PORTME). */
#if    (defined(RT_ARCH_X86) != 0) \
     + (defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) != 0) \
     + (defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC) != 0) \
     + (defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64) != 0) \
     + (defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) != 0) \
     + (defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64) != 0) \
  != 1
# error "Exactly one RT_ARCH_XXX macro shall be defined"
#endif

/** @def RT_CPLUSPLUS_PREREQ
 * Require a minimum __cplusplus value, simplifying dealing with non-C++ code.
 *
 * @param   a_Min           The minimum version, e.g. 201100.
 */
#ifdef __cplusplus
# define RT_CPLUSPLUS_PREREQ(a_Min)      (__cplusplus >= (a_Min))
#else
# define RT_CPLUSPLUS_PREREQ(a_Min)      (0)
#endif

/** @def RT_GNUC_PREREQ
 * Shorter than fiddling with __GNUC__ and __GNUC_MINOR__.
 *
 * @param   a_MinMajor      Minimum major version
 * @param   a_MinMinor      The minor version number part.
 */
#define RT_GNUC_PREREQ(a_MinMajor, a_MinMinor)      RT_GNUC_PREREQ_EX(a_MinMajor, a_MinMinor, 0)
/** @def RT_GNUC_PREREQ_EX
 * Simplified way of checking __GNUC__ and __GNUC_MINOR__ regardless of actual
 * compiler used, returns @a a_OtherRet for other compilers.
 *
 * @param   a_MinMajor      Minimum major version
 * @param   a_MinMinor      The minor version number part.
 * @param   a_OtherRet      What to return for non-GCC compilers.
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__)
# define RT_GNUC_PREREQ_EX(a_MinMajor, a_MinMinor, a_OtherRet) \
    ((__GNUC__ << 16) + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= ((a_MinMajor) << 16) + (a_MinMinor))
#else
# define RT_GNUC_PREREQ_EX(a_MinMajor, a_MinMinor, a_OtherRet) (a_OtherRet)
#endif

/** @def RT_MSC_PREREQ
 * Convenient way of checking _MSC_VER regardless of actual compiler used
 * (returns false if not MSC).
 *
 * @param   a_MinVer        Preferably a RT_MSC_VER_XXX value.
 */
#define RT_MSC_PREREQ(a_MinVer)                     RT_MSC_PREREQ_EX(a_MinVer, 0)
/** @def RT_MSC_PREREQ_EX
 * Convenient way of checking _MSC_VER regardless of actual compiler used,
 * returns @a a_OtherRet for other compilers.
 *
 * @param   a_MinVer        Preferably a RT_MSC_VER_XXX value.
 * @param   a_OtherRet      What to return for non-MSC compilers.
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
# define RT_MSC_PREREQ_EX(a_MinVer, a_OtherRet)     ( (_MSC_VER) >= (a_MinVer) )
#else
# define RT_MSC_PREREQ_EX(a_MinVer, a_OtherRet)     (a_OtherRet)
#endif
/** @name RT_MSC_VER_XXX - _MSC_VER values to use with RT_MSC_PREREQ.
 * @remarks The VCxxx values are derived from the CRT DLLs shipping with the
 *          compilers.
 * @{ */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC50         (1100)                  /**< Visual C++ 5.0. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC60         (1200)                  /**< Visual C++ 6.0. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC70         (1300)                  /**< Visual C++ 7.0. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC70         (1300)                  /**< Visual C++ 7.0. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2003       (1310)                  /**< Visual Studio 2003, aka Visual C++ 7.1. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC71         RT_MSC_VER_VS2003       /**< Visual C++ 7.1, aka Visual Studio 2003. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2005       (1400)                  /**< Visual Studio 2005. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC80         RT_MSC_VER_VS2005       /**< Visual C++ 8.0, aka Visual Studio 2008. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2008       (1500)                  /**< Visual Studio 2008. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC90         RT_MSC_VER_VS2008       /**< Visual C++ 9.0, aka Visual Studio 2008. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2010       (1600)                  /**< Visual Studio 2010. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC100        RT_MSC_VER_VS2010       /**< Visual C++ 10.0, aka Visual Studio 2010. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2012       (1700)                  /**< Visual Studio 2012. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC110        RT_MSC_VER_VS2012       /**< Visual C++ 11.0, aka Visual Studio 2012. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2013       (1800)                  /**< Visual Studio 2013. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC120        RT_MSC_VER_VS2013       /**< Visual C++ 12.0, aka Visual Studio 2013. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2015       (1900)                  /**< Visual Studio 2015. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC140        RT_MSC_VER_VS2015       /**< Visual C++ 14.0, aka Visual Studio 2015. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2017       (1910)                  /**< Visual Studio 2017. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC141        RT_MSC_VER_VS2017       /**< Visual C++ 14.1, aka Visual Studio 2017. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2019       (1920)                  /**< Visual Studio 2019. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC142        RT_MSC_VER_VS2019       /**< Visual C++ 14.2, aka Visual Studio 2019. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2019_U6    (1926)                  /**< Visual Studio 2019, update 6. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC142_U6     RT_MSC_VER_VS2019_U6    /**< Visual C++ 14.2 update 6. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2019_U8    (1928)                  /**< Visual Studio 2019, update 8. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC142_U8     RT_MSC_VER_VS2019_U8    /**< Visual C++ 14.2 update 8. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2019_U11   (1929)                  /**< Visual Studio 2019, update 11. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC142_U11    RT_MSC_VER_VS2019_U11   /**< Visual C++ 14.2 update 11. */
/** @} */

/** @def RT_CLANG_PREREQ
 * Shorter than fiddling with __clang_major__ and __clang_minor__.
 *
 * @param   a_MinMajor      Minimum major version
 * @param   a_MinMinor      The minor version number part.
 */
#define RT_CLANG_PREREQ(a_MinMajor, a_MinMinor)     RT_CLANG_PREREQ_EX(a_MinMajor, a_MinMinor, 0)
/** @def RT_CLANG_PREREQ_EX
 * Simplified way of checking __clang_major__ and __clang_minor__ regardless of
 * actual compiler used, returns @a a_OtherRet for other compilers.
 *
 * @param   a_MinMajor      Minimum major version
 * @param   a_MinMinor      The minor version number part.
 * @param   a_OtherRet      What to return for non-GCC compilers.
 */
#if defined(__clang_major__) && defined(__clang_minor__)
# define RT_CLANG_PREREQ_EX(a_MinMajor, a_MinMinor, a_OtherRet) \
    ((__clang_major__ << 16) + __clang_minor__ >= ((a_MinMajor) << 16) + (a_MinMinor))
#else
# define RT_CLANG_PREREQ_EX(a_MinMajor, a_MinMinor, a_OtherRet) (a_OtherRet)
#endif
/** @def RT_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE
 * Wrapper around clang's __has_feature().
 *
 * @param   a_Feature       The feature to check for.
 */
#if defined(__clang_major__) && defined(__clang_minor__) && defined(__has_feature)
# define RT_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE(a_Feature)            (__has_feature(a_Feature))
#else
# define RT_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE(a_Feature)            (0)
#endif


#if !defined(__X86__) && !defined(__AMD64__) && (defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || defined(RT_ARCH_X86))
# if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
/** Indicates that we're compiling for the AMD64 architecture.
 * @deprecated
 */
#  define __AMD64__
# elif defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
/** Indicates that we're compiling for the X86 architecture.
 * @deprecated
 */
#  define __X86__
# else
#  error "Check what predefined macros your compiler uses to indicate architecture."
# endif
#elif defined(__X86__) && defined(__AMD64__)
# error "Both __X86__ and __AMD64__ cannot be defined at the same time!"
#elif defined(__X86__) && !defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
# error "__X86__ without RT_ARCH_X86!"
#elif defined(__AMD64__) && !defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
# error "__AMD64__ without RT_ARCH_AMD64!"
#endif

/** @def RT_BIG_ENDIAN
 * Defined if the architecture is big endian.  */
/** @def RT_LITTLE_ENDIAN
 * Defined if the architecture is little endian.  */
#if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || defined(RT_ARCH_X86) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64)
# define RT_LITTLE_ENDIAN
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC) || defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
# define RT_BIG_ENDIAN
#else
# error "PORTME: architecture endianess"
#endif
#if defined(RT_BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(RT_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
# error "Both RT_BIG_ENDIAN and RT_LITTLE_ENDIAN are defined"
#endif


/** @def IN_RING0
 * Used to indicate that we're compiling code which is running
 * in Ring-0 Host Context.
 */

/** @def IN_RING3
 * Used to indicate that we're compiling code which is running
 * in Ring-3 Host Context.
 */

/** @def IN_RC
 * Used to indicate that we're compiling code which is running
 * in the Raw-mode Context (implies R0).
 */
#if !defined(IN_RING3) && !defined(IN_RING0) && !defined(IN_RC)
# error "You must define which context the compiled code should run in; IN_RING3, IN_RING0 or IN_RC"
#endif
#if (defined(IN_RING3) && (defined(IN_RING0) || defined(IN_RC)) ) \
 || (defined(IN_RING0) && (defined(IN_RING3) || defined(IN_RC)) ) \
 || (defined(IN_RC)    && (defined(IN_RING3) || defined(IN_RING0)) )
# error "Only one of the IN_RING3, IN_RING0, IN_RC defines should be defined."
#endif


/** @def ARCH_BITS
 * Defines the bit count of the current context.
 */
#if !defined(ARCH_BITS) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
#  define ARCH_BITS 64
# elif !defined(__I86__) || !defined(__WATCOMC__)
#  define ARCH_BITS 32
# else
#  define ARCH_BITS 16
# endif
#endif

/* ARCH_BITS validation (PORTME). */
#if ARCH_BITS == 64
 #if defined(RT_ARCH_X86) || defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32)
 # error "ARCH_BITS=64 but non-64-bit RT_ARCH_XXX defined."
 #endif
 #if !defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) && !defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64) && !defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64)
 # error "ARCH_BITS=64 but no 64-bit RT_ARCH_XXX defined."
 #endif

#elif ARCH_BITS == 32
 #if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64)
 # error "ARCH_BITS=32 but non-32-bit RT_ARCH_XXX defined."
 #endif
 #if !defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && !defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC) && !defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32)
 # error "ARCH_BITS=32 but no 32-bit RT_ARCH_XXX defined."
 #endif

#elif ARCH_BITS == 16
 #if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC) || defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64)
 # error "ARCH_BITS=16 but non-16-bit RT_ARCH_XX defined."
 #endif
 #if !defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
 # error "ARCH_BITS=16 but RT_ARCH_X86 isn't defined."
 #endif

#else
# error "Unsupported ARCH_BITS value!"
#endif

/** @def HC_ARCH_BITS
 * Defines the host architecture bit count.
 */
#if !defined(HC_ARCH_BITS) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# if !defined(IN_RC) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
#  define HC_ARCH_BITS ARCH_BITS
# else
#  define HC_ARCH_BITS 32
# endif
#endif

/** @def GC_ARCH_BITS
 * Defines the guest architecture bit count.
 */
#if !defined(GC_ARCH_BITS) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# if defined(VBOX_WITH_64_BITS_GUESTS) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
#  define GC_ARCH_BITS  64
# else
#  define GC_ARCH_BITS  32
# endif
#endif

/** @def R3_ARCH_BITS
 * Defines the host ring-3 architecture bit count.
 */
#if !defined(R3_ARCH_BITS) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# ifdef IN_RING3
#  define R3_ARCH_BITS ARCH_BITS
# else
#  define R3_ARCH_BITS HC_ARCH_BITS
# endif
#endif

/** @def R0_ARCH_BITS
 * Defines the host ring-0 architecture bit count.
 */
#if !defined(R0_ARCH_BITS) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# ifdef IN_RING0
#  define R0_ARCH_BITS ARCH_BITS
# else
#  define R0_ARCH_BITS HC_ARCH_BITS
# endif
#endif



/** @name RT_OPSYS_XXX - Operative System Identifiers.
 * These are the value that the RT_OPSYS \#define can take. @{
 */
/** Unknown OS. */
#define RT_OPSYS_UNKNOWN    0
/** OS Agnostic. */
#define RT_OPSYS_AGNOSTIC   1
/** Darwin - aka Mac OS X. */
#define RT_OPSYS_DARWIN     2
/** DragonFly BSD. */
#define RT_OPSYS_DRAGONFLY  3
/** DOS. */
#define RT_OPSYS_DOS        4
/** FreeBSD. */
#define RT_OPSYS_FREEBSD    5
/** Haiku. */
#define RT_OPSYS_HAIKU      6
/** Linux. */
#define RT_OPSYS_LINUX      7
/** L4. */
#define RT_OPSYS_L4         8
/** Minix. */
#define RT_OPSYS_MINIX      9
/** NetBSD. */
#define RT_OPSYS_NETBSD     11
/** Netware. */
#define RT_OPSYS_NETWARE    12
/** NT (native). */
#define RT_OPSYS_NT         13
/** OpenBSD. */
#define RT_OPSYS_OPENBSD    14
/** OS/2. */
#define RT_OPSYS_OS2        15
/** Plan 9. */
#define RT_OPSYS_PLAN9      16
/** QNX. */
#define RT_OPSYS_QNX        17
/** Solaris. */
#define RT_OPSYS_SOLARIS    18
/** UEFI. */
#define RT_OPSYS_UEFI       19
/** Windows. */
#define RT_OPSYS_WINDOWS    20
/** The max RT_OPSYS_XXX value (exclusive). */
#define RT_OPSYS_MAX        21
/** @} */

/** @def RT_OPSYS
 * Indicates which OS we're targeting. It's a \#define with is
 * assigned one of the RT_OPSYS_XXX defines above.
 *
 * So to test if we're on FreeBSD do the following:
 * @code
 *  #if RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_FREEBSD
 *  some_funky_freebsd_specific_stuff();
 *  #endif
 * @endcode
 */

/*
 * Set RT_OPSYS_XXX according to RT_OS_XXX.
 *
 * Search:  #define RT_OPSYS_([A-Z0-9]+) .*
 * Replace: # elif defined(RT_OS_\1)\n#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_\1
 */
#ifndef RT_OPSYS
# if defined(RT_OS_UNKNOWN) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_UNKNOWN
# elif defined(RT_OS_AGNOSTIC)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_AGNOSTIC
# elif defined(RT_OS_DARWIN)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_DARWIN
# elif defined(RT_OS_DRAGONFLY)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_DRAGONFLY
# elif defined(RT_OS_DOS)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_DOS
# elif defined(RT_OS_FREEBSD)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_FREEBSD
# elif defined(RT_OS_HAIKU)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_HAIKU
# elif defined(RT_OS_LINUX)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_LINUX
# elif defined(RT_OS_L4)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_L4
# elif defined(RT_OS_MINIX)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_MINIX
# elif defined(RT_OS_NETBSD)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_NETBSD
# elif defined(RT_OS_NETWARE)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_NETWARE
# elif defined(RT_OS_NT)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_NT
# elif defined(RT_OS_OPENBSD)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_OPENBSD
# elif defined(RT_OS_OS2)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_OS2
# elif defined(RT_OS_PLAN9)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_PLAN9
# elif defined(RT_OS_QNX)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_QNX
# elif defined(RT_OS_SOLARIS)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_SOLARIS
# elif defined(RT_OS_UEFI)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_UEFI
# elif defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS)
#  define RT_OPSYS RT_OPSYS_WINDOWS
# endif
#endif

/*
 * Guess RT_OPSYS based on compiler predefined macros.
 */
#ifndef RT_OPSYS
# if defined(__APPLE__)
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_DARWIN
# elif defined(__DragonFly__)
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_DRAGONFLY
# elif defined(__FreeBSD__) /*??*/
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_FREEBSD
# elif defined(__gnu_linux__)
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_LINUX
# elif defined(__NetBSD__) /*??*/
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_NETBSD
# elif defined(__OpenBSD__) /*??*/
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_OPENBSD
# elif defined(__OS2__)
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_OS2
# elif defined(__sun__) || defined(__SunOS__) || defined(__sun) || defined(__SunOS)
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_SOLARIS
# elif defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_WINDOWS
# elif defined(MSDOS) || defined(_MSDOS) || defined(DOS16RM) /* OW+MSC || MSC || DMC */
#  define RT_OPSYS      RT_OPSYS_DOS
# else
#  error "Port Me"
# endif
#endif

#if RT_OPSYS < RT_OPSYS_UNKNOWN || RT_OPSYS >= RT_OPSYS_MAX
# error "Invalid RT_OPSYS value."
#endif

/*
 * Do some consistency checks.
 *
 * Search:  #define RT_OPSYS_([A-Z0-9]+) .*
 * Replace: #if defined(RT_OS_\1) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_\1\n# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_\1\n#endif
 */
#if defined(RT_OS_UNKNOWN) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_UNKNOWN
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_UNKNOWN
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_AGNOSTIC) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_AGNOSTIC
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_AGNOSTIC
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_DARWIN) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_DARWIN
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_DARWIN
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_DRAGONFLY) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_DRAGONFLY
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_DRAGONFLY
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_DOS) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_DOS
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_DOS
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_FREEBSD) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_FREEBSD
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_FREEBSD
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_HAIKU) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_HAIKU
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_HAIKU
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_LINUX) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_LINUX
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_LINUX
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_L4) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_L4
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_L4
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_MINIX) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_MINIX
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_MINIX
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_NETBSD) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_NETBSD
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_NETBSD
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_NETWARE) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_NETWARE
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_NETWARE
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_NT) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_NT
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_NT
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_OPENBSD) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_OPENBSD
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_OPENBSD
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_OS2) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_OS2
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_OS2
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_PLAN9) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_PLAN9
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_PLAN9
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_QNX) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_QNX
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_QNX
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_SOLARIS) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_SOLARIS
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_SOLARIS
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_UEFI) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_UEFI
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_UEFI
#endif
#if defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) && RT_OPSYS != RT_OPSYS_WINDOWS
# error RT_OPSYS vs RT_OS_WINDOWS
#endif

/*
 * Make sure the RT_OS_XXX macro is defined.
 *
 * Search:  #define RT_OPSYS_([A-Z0-9]+) .*
 * Replace: #elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_\1\n# ifndef RT_OS_\1\n#  define RT_OS_\1\n# endif
 */
#if RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_UNKNOWN
# ifndef RT_OS_UNKNOWN
#  define RT_OS_UNKNOWN
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_AGNOSTIC
# ifndef RT_OS_AGNOSTIC
#  define RT_OS_AGNOSTIC
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_DARWIN
# ifndef RT_OS_DARWIN
#  define RT_OS_DARWIN
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_DRAGONFLY
# ifndef RT_OS_DRAGONFLY
#  define RT_OS_DRAGONFLY
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_DOS
# ifndef RT_OS_DOS
#  define RT_OS_DOS
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_FREEBSD
# ifndef RT_OS_FREEBSD
#  define RT_OS_FREEBSD
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_HAIKU
# ifndef RT_OS_HAIKU
#  define RT_OS_HAIKU
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_LINUX
# ifndef RT_OS_LINUX
#  define RT_OS_LINUX
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_L4
# ifndef RT_OS_L4
#  define RT_OS_L4
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_MINIX
# ifndef RT_OS_MINIX
#  define RT_OS_MINIX
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_NETBSD
# ifndef RT_OS_NETBSD
#  define RT_OS_NETBSD
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_NETWARE
# ifndef RT_OS_NETWARE
#  define RT_OS_NETWARE
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_NT
# ifndef RT_OS_NT
#  define RT_OS_NT
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_OPENBSD
# ifndef RT_OS_OPENBSD
#  define RT_OS_OPENBSD
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_OS2
# ifndef RT_OS_OS2
#  define RT_OS_OS2
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_PLAN9
# ifndef RT_OS_PLAN9
#  define RT_OS_PLAN9
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_QNX
# ifndef RT_OS_QNX
#  define RT_OS_QNX
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_SOLARIS
# ifndef RT_OS_SOLARIS
#  define RT_OS_SOLARIS
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_UEFI
# ifndef RT_OS_UEFI
#  define RT_OS_UEFI
# endif
#elif RT_OPSYS == RT_OPSYS_WINDOWS
# ifndef RT_OS_WINDOWS
#  define RT_OS_WINDOWS
# endif
#else
# error "Bad RT_OPSYS value."
#endif


/**
 * Checks whether the given OpSys uses DOS-style paths or not.
 *
 * By DOS-style paths we include drive lettering and UNC paths.
 *
 * @returns true / false
 * @param   a_OpSys     The RT_OPSYS_XXX value to check, will be reference
 *                      multiple times.
 */
#define RT_OPSYS_USES_DOS_PATHS(a_OpSys) \
    (   (a_OpSys) == RT_OPSYS_WINDOWS \
     || (a_OpSys) == RT_OPSYS_OS2 \
     || (a_OpSys) == RT_OPSYS_DOS )



/** @def CTXTYPE
 * Declare a type differently in GC, R3 and R0.
 *
 * @param   a_GCType    The GC type.
 * @param   a_R3Type    The R3 type.
 * @param   a_R0Type    The R0 type.
 * @remark  For pointers used only in one context use RCPTRTYPE(), R3R0PTRTYPE(), R3PTRTYPE() or R0PTRTYPE().
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTXTYPE(a_GCType, a_R3Type, a_R0Type)  a_GCType
#elif defined(IN_RING3) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTXTYPE(a_GCType, a_R3Type, a_R0Type)  a_R3Type
#else
# define CTXTYPE(a_GCType, a_R3Type, a_R0Type)  a_R0Type
#endif

/** @def CTX_EXPR
 * Expression selector for avoiding \#ifdef's.
 *
 * @param   a_R3Expr    The R3 expression.
 * @param   a_R0Expr    The R0 expression.
 * @param   a_RCExpr    The RC expression.
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTX_EXPR(a_R3Expr, a_R0Expr, a_RCExpr) a_RCExpr
#elif defined(IN_RING0) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTX_EXPR(a_R3Expr, a_R0Expr, a_RCExpr) a_R0Expr
#else
# define CTX_EXPR(a_R3Expr, a_R0Expr, a_RCExpr) a_R3Expr
#endif

/** @def RCPTRTYPE
 * Declare a pointer which is used in the raw mode context but appears in structure(s) used by
 * both HC and RC. The main purpose is to make sure structures have the same
 * size when built for different architectures.
 *
 * @param   a_RCType    The RC type.
 */
#define RCPTRTYPE(a_RCType)     CTXTYPE(a_RCType, RTRCPTR, RTRCPTR)

/** @def RGPTRTYPE
 * This will become RCPTRTYPE once we've converted all uses of RCPTRTYPE to this.
 *
 * @param   a_RCType    The RC type.
 */
#define RGPTRTYPE(a_RCType)     CTXTYPE(a_RCType, RTGCPTR, RTGCPTR)

/** @def R3R0PTRTYPE
 * Declare a pointer which is used in HC, is explicitly valid in ring 3 and 0,
 * but appears in structure(s) used by both HC and GC. The main purpose is to
 * make sure structures have the same size when built for different architectures.
 *
 * @param   a_R3R0Type  The R3R0 type.
 * @remarks This used to be called HCPTRTYPE.
 */
#define R3R0PTRTYPE(a_R3R0Type) CTXTYPE(RTHCPTR, a_R3R0Type, a_R3R0Type)

/** @def R3PTRTYPE
 * Declare a pointer which is used in R3 but appears in structure(s) used by
 * both HC and GC. The main purpose is to make sure structures have the same
 * size when built for different architectures.
 *
 * @param   a_R3Type    The R3 type.
 */
#define R3PTRTYPE(a_R3Type)     CTXTYPE(RTHCUINTPTR, a_R3Type, RTHCUINTPTR)

/** @def R0PTRTYPE
 * Declare a pointer which is used in R0 but appears in structure(s) used by
 * both HC and GC. The main purpose is to make sure structures have the same
 * size when built for different architectures.
 *
 * @param   a_R0Type    The R0 type.
 */
#define R0PTRTYPE(a_R0Type)     CTXTYPE(RTHCUINTPTR, RTHCUINTPTR, a_R0Type)

/** @def CTXSUFF
 * Adds the suffix of the current context to the passed in
 * identifier name. The suffix is HC or GC.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_Var   Identifier name.
 * @deprecated Use CTX_SUFF. Do NOT use this for new code.
 */
/** @def OTHERCTXSUFF
 * Adds the suffix of the other context to the passed in
 * identifier name. The suffix is HC or GC.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_Var   Identifier name.
 * @deprecated Use CTX_SUFF. Do NOT use this for new code.
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTXSUFF(a_Var)         a_Var##GC
# define OTHERCTXSUFF(a_Var)    a_Var##HC
#else
# define CTXSUFF(a_Var)         a_Var##HC
# define OTHERCTXSUFF(a_Var)    a_Var##GC
#endif

/** @def CTXALLSUFF
 * Adds the suffix of the current context to the passed in
 * identifier name. The suffix is R3, R0 or GC.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_Var     Identifier name.
 * @deprecated Use CTX_SUFF. Do NOT use this for new code.
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTXALLSUFF(a_Var)      a_Var##GC
#elif defined(IN_RING0) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTXALLSUFF(a_Var)      a_Var##R0
#else
# define CTXALLSUFF(a_Var)      a_Var##R3
#endif

/** @def CTX_SUFF
 * Adds the suffix of the current context to the passed in
 * identifier name. The suffix is R3, R0 or RC.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_Var   Identifier name.
 *
 * @remark  This will replace CTXALLSUFF and CTXSUFF before long.
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTX_SUFF(a_Var)        a_Var##RC
#elif defined(IN_RING0) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTX_SUFF(a_Var)        a_Var##R0
#else
# define CTX_SUFF(a_Var)        a_Var##R3
#endif

/** @def CTX_SUFF_Z
 * Adds the suffix of the current context to the passed in
 * identifier name, combining RC and R0 into RZ.
 * The suffix thus is R3 or RZ.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_Var   Identifier name.
 *
 * @remark  This will replace CTXALLSUFF and CTXSUFF before long.
 */
#if defined(IN_RING3) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTX_SUFF_Z(a_Var)      a_Var##R3
#else
# define CTX_SUFF_Z(a_Var)      a_Var##RZ
#endif


/** @def CTXMID
 * Adds the current context as a middle name of an identifier name
 * The middle name is HC or GC.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_First First name.
 * @param   a_Last  Surname.
 */
/** @def OTHERCTXMID
 * Adds the other context as a middle name of an identifier name
 * The middle name is HC or GC.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_First First name.
 * @param   a_Last  Surname.
 * @deprecated use CTX_MID or CTX_MID_Z
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTXMID(a_First, a_Last)        a_First##GC##a_Last
# define OTHERCTXMID(a_First, a_Last)   a_First##HC##a_Last
#else
# define CTXMID(a_First, a_Last)        a_First##HC##a_Last
# define OTHERCTXMID(a_First, a_Last)   a_First##GC##a_Last
#endif

/** @def CTXALLMID
 * Adds the current context as a middle name of an identifier name.
 * The middle name is R3, R0 or GC.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_First First name.
 * @param   a_Last  Surname.
 * @deprecated use CTX_MID or CTX_MID_Z
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTXALLMID(a_First, a_Last)     a_First##GC##a_Last
#elif defined(IN_RING0) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTXALLMID(a_First, a_Last)     a_First##R0##a_Last
#else
# define CTXALLMID(a_First, a_Last)     a_First##R3##a_Last
#endif

/** @def CTX_MID
 * Adds the current context as a middle name of an identifier name.
 * The middle name is R3, R0 or RC.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_First First name.
 * @param   a_Last  Surname.
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTX_MID(a_First, a_Last)       a_First##RC##a_Last
#elif defined(IN_RING0) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define CTX_MID(a_First, a_Last)       a_First##R0##a_Last
#else
# define CTX_MID(a_First, a_Last)       a_First##R3##a_Last
#endif

/** @def CTX_MID_Z
 * Adds the current context as a middle name of an identifier name, combining RC
 * and R0 into RZ.
 * The middle name thus is either R3 or RZ.
 *
 * This is macro should only be used in shared code to avoid a forest of ifdefs.
 * @param   a_First First name.
 * @param   a_Last  Surname.
 */
#ifdef IN_RING3
# define CTX_MID_Z(a_First, a_Last)     a_First##R3##a_Last
#else
# define CTX_MID_Z(a_First, a_Last)     a_First##RZ##a_Last
#endif


/** @def R3STRING
 * A macro which in GC and R0 will return a dummy string while in R3 it will return
 * the parameter.
 *
 * This is typically used to wrap description strings in structures shared
 * between R3, R0 and/or GC. The intention is to avoid the \#ifdef IN_RING3 mess.
 *
 * @param   a_pR3String     The R3 string. Only referenced in R3.
 * @see R0STRING and GCSTRING
 */
#ifdef IN_RING3
# define R3STRING(a_pR3String)  (a_pR3String)
#else
# define R3STRING(a_pR3String)  ("<R3_STRING>")
#endif

/** @def R0STRING
 * A macro which in GC and R3 will return a dummy string while in R0 it will return
 * the parameter.
 *
 * This is typically used to wrap description strings in structures shared
 * between R3, R0 and/or GC. The intention is to avoid the \#ifdef IN_RING0 mess.
 *
 * @param   a_pR0String The R0 string. Only referenced in R0.
 * @see R3STRING and GCSTRING
 */
#ifdef IN_RING0
# define R0STRING(a_pR0String)  (a_pR0String)
#else
# define R0STRING(a_pR0String)  ("<R0_STRING>")
#endif

/** @def RCSTRING
 * A macro which in R3 and R0 will return a dummy string while in RC it will return
 * the parameter.
 *
 * This is typically used to wrap description strings in structures shared
 * between R3, R0 and/or RC. The intention is to avoid the \#ifdef IN_RC mess.
 *
 * @param   a_pRCString The RC string. Only referenced in RC.
 * @see R3STRING, R0STRING
 */
#ifdef IN_RC
# define RCSTRING(a_pRCString)  (a_pRCString)
#else
# define RCSTRING(a_pRCString)  ("<RC_STRING>")
#endif


/** @def RT_NOTHING
 * A macro that expands to nothing.
 * This is primarily intended as a dummy argument for macros to avoid the
 * undefined behavior passing empty arguments to an macro (ISO C90 and C++98,
 * gcc v4.4 warns about it).
 */
#define RT_NOTHING

/** @def RT_GCC_EXTENSION
 * Macro for shutting up GCC warnings about using language extensions. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define RT_GCC_EXTENSION       __extension__
#else
# define RT_GCC_EXTENSION
#endif

/** @def RT_GCC_NO_WARN_DEPRECATED_BEGIN
 * Used to start a block of code where GCC and Clang should not warn about
 * deprecated declarations. */
/** @def RT_GCC_NO_WARN_DEPRECATED_END
 * Used to end a block of code where GCC and Clang should not warn about
 * deprecated declarations. */
#if RT_CLANG_PREREQ(4, 0)
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_DEPRECATED_BEGIN \
   _Pragma("clang diagnostic push") \
   _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_DEPRECATED_END \
   _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")

#elif RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 6)
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_DEPRECATED_BEGIN \
   _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push") \
   _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_DEPRECATED_END \
   _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
#else
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_DEPRECATED_BEGIN
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_DEPRECATED_END
#endif

/** @def RT_GCC_NO_WARN_CONVERSION_BEGIN
 * Used to start a block of code where GCC should not warn about implicit
 * conversions that may alter a value. */
#if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 6)
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_CONVERSION_BEGIN \
   _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push") \
   _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wconversion\"")
/** @def RT_GCC_NO_WARN_CONVERSION_END
 * Used to end a block of code where GCC should not warn about implicit
 * conversions that may alter a value. */
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_CONVERSION_END \
   _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
#else
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_CONVERSION_BEGIN
# define RT_GCC_NO_WARN_CONVERSION_END
#endif

/** @def RT_COMPILER_GROKS_64BIT_BITFIELDS
 * Macro that is defined if the compiler understands 64-bit bitfields. */
#if !defined(RT_OS_OS2) || (!defined(__IBMC__) && !defined(__IBMCPP__))
# if !defined(__WATCOMC__) /* watcom compiler doesn't grok it either. */
#  define RT_COMPILER_GROKS_64BIT_BITFIELDS
# endif
#endif

/** @def RT_COMPILER_WITH_80BIT_LONG_DOUBLE
 * Macro that is defined if the compiler implements long double as the
 * IEEE extended precision floating. */
#if (defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || defined(RT_ARCH_X86)) && !defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS)
# define RT_COMPILER_WITH_80BIT_LONG_DOUBLE
#endif

/** @def RT_COMPILER_WITH_128BIT_INT_TYPES
 * Defined when uint128_t and int128_t are native integer types.  If
 * undefined, they are structure with Hi & Lo members. */
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
# define RT_COMPILER_WITH_128BIT_INT_TYPES
#endif

/** @def RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
 * Defined when C++ exceptions are enabled.
 */
#if !defined(RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED) \
 &&  defined(__cplusplus) \
 && (   (defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CPPUNWIND)) \
     || (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__EXCEPTIONS)))
# define RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
#endif

/** @def DECL_NOTHROW
 * How to declare a function which does not throw C++ exceptions.
 *
 * @param   a_Type      The return type.
 *
 * @note    This macro can be combined with other macros, for example
 * @code
 *   RTR3DECL(DECL_NOTHROW(void)) foo(void);
 * @endcode
 *
 * @note    GCC is currently restricted to 4.2+ given the ominous comments on
 *          RT_NOTHROW_PROTO.
 */
#ifdef __cplusplus
# if RT_MSC_PREREQ(RT_MSC_VER_VS2015) /*?*/
#  define DECL_NOTHROW(a_Type)      __declspec(nothrow) a_Type
# elif RT_CLANG_PREREQ(6,0) || RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4,2)
#  define DECL_NOTHROW(a_Type)      __attribute__((__nothrow__)) a_Type
# else
#  define DECL_NOTHROW(a_Type)      a_Type
# endif
#else
# define DECL_NOTHROW(a_Type)       a_Type
#endif

/** @def RT_NOTHROW_PROTO
 * Function does not throw any C++ exceptions, prototype edition.
 *
 * How to express that a function doesn't throw C++ exceptions and the compiler
 * can thus save itself the bother of trying to catch any of them and generate
 * unwind info.  Put this between the closing parenthesis and the semicolon in
 * function prototypes (and implementation if C++).
 *
 * @note    This translates to 'noexcept' when compiling in newer C++ mode.
 *
 * @remarks The use of the nothrow attribute with GCC is because old compilers
 *          (4.1.1, 32-bit) leaking the nothrow into global space or something
 *          when used with RTDECL or similar.  Using this forces us to have two
 *          macros, as the nothrow attribute is not for the function definition.
 */
/** @def RT_NOTHROW_DEF
 * Function does not throw any C++ exceptions, definition edition.
 *
 * The counter part to RT_NOTHROW_PROTO that is added to the function
 * definition.
 */
#ifdef RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
# if RT_MSC_PREREQ_EX(RT_MSC_VER_VS2015, 0) \
  || RT_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_noexcept) \
  || (RT_GNUC_PREREQ(7, 0) && __cplusplus >= 201100)
#  define RT_NOTHROW_PROTO      noexcept
#  define RT_NOTHROW_DEF        noexcept
# elif defined(__GNUC__)
#  if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(3, 3)
#   define RT_NOTHROW_PROTO     __attribute__((__nothrow__))
#  else
#   define RT_NOTHROW_PROTO
#  endif
#  define RT_NOTHROW_DEF        /* Would need a DECL_NO_THROW like __declspec(nothrow), which we wont do at this point. */
# else
#  define RT_NOTHROW_PROTO      throw()
#  define RT_NOTHROW_DEF        throw()
# endif
#else
# define RT_NOTHROW_PROTO
# define RT_NOTHROW_DEF
#endif
/** @def RT_NOTHROW_PROTO
 * @deprecated Use RT_NOTHROW_PROTO. */
#define RT_NO_THROW_PROTO       RT_NOTHROW_PROTO
/** @def RT_NOTHROW_DEF
 * @deprecated Use RT_NOTHROW_DEF. */
#define RT_NO_THROW_DEF         RT_NOTHROW_DEF

/** @def RT_THROW
 * How to express that a method or function throws a type of exceptions. Some
 * compilers does not want this kind of information and will warning about it.
 *
 * @param   a_Type  The type exception.
 *
 * @remarks If the actual throwing is done from the header, enclose it by
 *          \#ifdef RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED ... \#else ... \#endif so the header
 *          compiles cleanly without exceptions enabled.
 *
 *          Do NOT use this for the actual throwing of exceptions!
 */
#ifdef RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
# if RT_MSC_PREREQ_EX(RT_MSC_VER_VC71, 0)
#   define RT_THROW(a_Type)
# elif RT_GNUC_PREREQ(7, 0)
#   define RT_THROW(a_Type)
# else
#   define RT_THROW(a_Type)     throw(a_Type)
# endif
#else
# define RT_THROW(a_Type)
#endif


/** @def RT_OVERRIDE
 * Wrapper for the C++11 override keyword.
 *
 * @remarks Recognized by g++ starting 4.7, however causes pedantic warnings
 *          when used without officially enabling the C++11 features.
 */
#ifdef __cplusplus
# if RT_MSC_PREREQ_EX(RT_MSC_VER_VS2012, 0)
#  define RT_OVERRIDE           override
# elif RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 7)
#  if __cplusplus >= 201100
#   define RT_OVERRIDE          override
#  else
#   define RT_OVERRIDE
#  endif
# else
#  define RT_OVERRIDE
# endif
#else
# define RT_OVERRIDE
#endif

/** @def RT_NOEXCEPT
 * Wrapper for the C++11 noexcept keyword (only true form).
 * @note use RT_NOTHROW instead.
 */
/** @def RT_NOEXCEPT_EX
 * Wrapper for the C++11 noexcept keyword with expression.
 * @param   a_Expr      The expression.
 */
#ifdef __cplusplus
# if (RT_MSC_PREREQ_EX(RT_MSC_VER_VS2015, 0) && defined(RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED)) \
  || RT_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_noexcept) \
  || (RT_GNUC_PREREQ(7, 0) && __cplusplus >= 201100)
#  define RT_NOEXCEPT               noexcept
#  define RT_NOEXCEPT_EX(a_Expr)    noexcept(a_Expr)
# else
#  define RT_NOEXCEPT
#  define RT_NOEXCEPT_EX(a_Expr)
# endif
#else
# define RT_NOEXCEPT
# define RT_NOEXCEPT_EX(a_Expr)
#endif


/** @def RT_FALL_THROUGH
 * Tell the compiler that we're falling through to the next case in a switch.
 * @sa RT_FALL_THRU  */
#if RT_CLANG_PREREQ(4, 0) && RT_CPLUSPLUS_PREREQ(201100)
# define RT_FALL_THROUGH()      [[clang::fallthrough]]
#elif RT_GNUC_PREREQ(7, 0)
# define RT_FALL_THROUGH()      __attribute__((__fallthrough__))
#else
# define RT_FALL_THROUGH()      (void)0
#endif
/** @def RT_FALL_THRU
 * Tell the compiler that we're falling thru to the next case in a switch.
 * @sa RT_FALL_THROUGH */
#define RT_FALL_THRU()          RT_FALL_THROUGH()


/** @def RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR
 * Identifies a function taking an IPRT format string.
 * @param   a_iFmt  The index (1-based) of the format string argument.
 * @param   a_iArgs The index (1-based) of the first format argument, use 0 for
 *                  va_list.
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(WITH_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTRIBUTE)
# define RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(a_iFmt, a_iArgs)   __attribute__((__iprt_format__(a_iFmt, a_iArgs)))
#else
# define RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR(a_iFmt, a_iArgs)
#endif

/** @def RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR_MAYBE_NULL
 * Identifies a function taking an IPRT format string, NULL is allowed.
 * @param   a_iFmt  The index (1-based) of the format string argument.
 * @param   a_iArgs The index (1-based) of the first format argument, use 0 for
 *                  va_list.
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(WITH_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTRIBUTE)
# define RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR_MAYBE_NULL(a_iFmt, a_iArgs)   __attribute__((__iprt_format_maybe_null__(a_iFmt, a_iArgs)))
#else
# define RT_IPRT_FORMAT_ATTR_MAYBE_NULL(a_iFmt, a_iArgs)
#endif


/** @def RT_GCC_SUPPORTS_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN
 * Indicates that the "hidden" visibility attribute can be used (GCC) */
#if defined(__GNUC__)
# if __GNUC__ >= 4 && !defined(RT_OS_OS2) && !defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS)
#  define RT_GCC_SUPPORTS_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN
# endif
#endif

/** @def RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS
 * If the defined, the compiler supports the variadic macro feature (..., __VA_ARGS__). */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
# if _MSC_VER >= 1600 /* Visual C++ v10.0 / 2010 */
#  define RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS
# endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
# if __GNUC__ >= 3 /* not entirely sure when this was added */
#  define RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS
# endif
#elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
# define RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS
#endif

/** @def RT_CB_LOG_CAST
 * Helper for logging function pointers to function may throw stuff.
 *
 * Not needed for function pointer types declared using our DECLCALLBACK
 * macros, only external types. */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(RT_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED)
# define RT_CB_LOG_CAST(a_pfnCallback) ((uintptr_t)(a_pfnCallback) + 1 - 1)
#else
# define RT_CB_LOG_CAST(a_pfnCallback) (a_pfnCallback)
#endif



/** @def RTCALL
 * The standard calling convention for the Runtime interfaces.
 *
 * @remarks The regparm(0) in the X86/GNUC variant deals with -mregparm=x use in
 *          the linux kernel and potentially elsewhere (3rd party).
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__)
# define RTCALL                         __cdecl
#elif defined(RT_OS_OS2)
# define RTCALL                         __cdecl
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
# define RTCALL                         __attribute__((__cdecl__,__regparm__(0)))
#else
# define RTCALL
#endif

/** @def DECLEXPORT
 * How to declare an exported function.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(RT_OS_OS2)
# define DECLEXPORT(a_RetType)          __declspec(dllexport) a_RetType
#elif defined(RT_USE_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT)
# define DECLEXPORT(a_RetType)          __attribute__((visibility("default"))) a_RetType
#else
# define DECLEXPORT(a_RetType)          a_RetType
#endif

/** @def DECL_EXPORT_NOTHROW
 * How to declare an exported function that does not throw C++ exceptions.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 */
#define DECL_EXPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType)  DECL_NOTHROW(DECLEXPORT(a_RetType))

/** @def DECLIMPORT
 * How to declare an imported function.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || (defined(RT_OS_OS2) && !defined(__IBMC__) && !defined(__IBMCPP__))
# define DECLIMPORT(a_RetType)          __declspec(dllimport) a_RetType
#else
# define DECLIMPORT(a_RetType)          a_RetType
#endif

/** @def DECL_IMPORT_NOTHROW
 * How to declare an imported function that does not throw C++ exceptions.
 * @param   a_RetType  The return type of the function declaration.
 */
#define DECL_IMPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType)  DECL_NOTHROW(DECLIMPORT(a_RetType))

/** @def DECL_HIDDEN_ONLY
 * How to declare a non-exported function or variable.
 * @param   a_Type  The return type of the function or the data type of the variable.
 * @sa      DECL_HIDDEN, DECL_HIDDEN_DATA, DECL_HIDDEN_CONST
 * @internal Considered more or less internal.
 */
#if !defined(RT_GCC_SUPPORTS_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN) || defined(RT_NO_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN)
# define DECL_HIDDEN_ONLY(a_Type)       a_Type
#else
# define DECL_HIDDEN_ONLY(a_Type)       __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) a_Type
#endif

/** @def DECLHIDDEN
 * How to declare a non-exported function or variable.
 * @param   a_Type  The return type of the function or the data type of the variable.
 * @sa      DECL_HIDDEN_THROW, DECL_HIDDEN_DATA, DECL_HIDDEN_CONST
 * @todo split up into data and non-data.
 */
#define DECLHIDDEN(a_Type)              DECL_NOTHROW(DECL_HIDDEN_ONLY(a_Type))

/** @def DECL_HIDDEN_NOTHROW
 * How to declare a non-exported function that does not throw C++ exceptions.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function.
 * @note    Same as DECLHIDDEN but provided to go along with DECL_IMPORT_NOTHROW
 *          and DECL_EXPORT_NOTHROW.
 */
#define DECL_HIDDEN_NOTHROW(a_RetType)  DECL_NOTHROW(DECL_HIDDEN_ONLY(a_RetType))

/** @def DECL_HIDDEN_THROW
 * How to declare a non-exported function that may throw C++ exceptions.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function.
 */
#define DECL_HIDDEN_THROW(a_RetType)    DECL_HIDDEN_ONLY(a_Type)

/** @def DECL_HIDDEN_DATA
 * How to declare a non-exported variable.
 * @param   a_Type  The data type of the variable.
 * @sa      DECL_HIDDEN_CONST
 */
#if !defined(RT_GCC_SUPPORTS_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN) || defined(RT_NO_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN)
# define DECL_HIDDEN_DATA(a_Type)       a_Type
#else
# define DECL_HIDDEN_DATA(a_Type)       __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) a_Type
#endif

/** @def DECL_HIDDEN_CONST
 * Workaround for g++ warnings when applying the hidden attribute to a const
 * definition.  Use DECL_HIDDEN_DATA for the declaration.
 * @param   a_Type      The data type of the variable.
 * @sa      DECL_HIDDEN_DATA
 */
#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__GNUC__)
# define DECL_HIDDEN_CONST(a_Type)      a_Type
#else
# define DECL_HIDDEN_CONST(a_Type)      DECL_HIDDEN_DATA(a_Type)
#endif

/** @def DECL_INVALID
 * How to declare a function not available for linking in the current context.
 * The purpose is to create compile or like time errors when used.  This isn't
 * possible on all platforms.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function.
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
# define DECL_INVALID(a_RetType)    __declspec(dllimport) a_RetType __stdcall
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__cplusplus)
# define DECL_INVALID(a_RetType)    extern "C++" a_RetType
#else
# define DECL_INVALID(a_RetType)    a_RetType
#endif

/** @def DECLASM
 * How to declare an internal assembly function.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied.
 */
#ifdef __cplusplus
# define DECLASM(a_RetType)         extern "C" DECL_NOTHROW(a_RetType RTCALL)
#else
# define DECLASM(a_RetType)         DECL_NOTHROW(a_RetType RTCALL)
#endif

/** @def RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM
 * How to declare a assembly method prototype with watcom \#pragma aux definition.  */
/** @def RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386
 * Same as RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM, but there is no 16-bit version when
 * 8086, 80186 or 80286 is selected as the target CPU. */
#if defined(__WATCOMC__) && ARCH_BITS == 16 && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
# define RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(a_RetType)       a_RetType
# if defined(__SW_0) || defined(__SW_1) || defined(__SW_2)
#  define RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(a_RetType)  DECLASM(a_RetType)
# else
#  define RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(a_RetType)  a_RetType
# endif
#elif defined(__WATCOMC__) && ARCH_BITS == 32 && defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
# define RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(a_RetType)       a_RetType
# define RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(a_RetType)   a_RetType
#else
# define RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM(a_RetType)       DECLASM(a_RetType)
# define RT_ASM_DECL_PRAGMA_WATCOM_386(a_RetType)   DECLASM(a_RetType)
#endif

/** @def DECL_NO_RETURN
 * How to declare a function which does not return.
 * @note This macro can be combined with other macros, for example
 * @code
 *   RTR3DECL(DECL_NO_RETURN(void)) foo(void);
 * @endcode
 */
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# define DECL_NO_RETURN(a_RetType)  __declspec(noreturn) a_RetType
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
# define DECL_NO_RETURN(a_RetType)  __attribute__((noreturn)) a_RetType
#else
# define DECL_NO_RETURN(a_RetType)  a_RetType
#endif

/** @def DECL_RETURNS_TWICE
 * How to declare a function which may return more than once.
 * @note This macro can be combined with other macros, for example
 * @code
 *   RTR3DECL(DECL_RETURNS_TWICE(void)) MySetJmp(void);
 * @endcode
 */
#if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 1)
# define DECL_RETURNS_TWICE(a_RetType)  __attribute__((returns_twice)) a_RetType
#else
# define DECL_RETURNS_TWICE(a_RetType)  a_RetType
#endif

/** @def DECL_CHECK_RETURN
 * Require a return value to be checked.
 * @note This macro can be combined with other macros, for example
 * @code
 *   RTR3DECL(DECL_CHECK_RETURN(int)) MayReturnInfoStatus(void);
 * @endcode
 */
#if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(3, 4)
# define DECL_CHECK_RETURN(a_RetType)  __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) a_RetType
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define DECL_CHECK_RETURN(a_RetType)  __declspec("SAL_checkReturn") a_RetType
#else
# define DECL_CHECK_RETURN(a_RetType)  a_RetType
#endif

/** @def DECL_CHECK_RETURN_NOT_R3
 * Variation of DECL_CHECK_RETURN that only applies the required to non-ring-3
 * code.
 */
#ifndef IN_RING3
# define DECL_CHECK_RETURN_NOT_R3(a_RetType)  DECL_CHECK_RETURN(a_RetType)
#else
# define DECL_CHECK_RETURN_NOT_R3(a_RetType)  a_RetType
#endif

/** @def DECLWEAK
 * How to declare a variable which is not necessarily resolved at
 * runtime.
 * @note This macro can be combined with other macros, for example
 * @code
 *   RTR3DECL(DECLWEAK(int)) foo;
 * @endcode
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__)
# define DECLWEAK(a_Type)           a_Type __attribute__((weak))
#else
# define DECLWEAK(a_Type)           a_Type
#endif

/** @def DECLCALLBACK
 * How to declare an call back function.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied.
 * @note    Use DECLCALLBACKTYPE for typedefs.
 */
#define DECLCALLBACK(a_RetType)     DECL_NOTHROW(a_RetType RT_FAR_CODE RTCALL)

/** @def DECL_HIDDEN_CALLBACK
 * How to declare an call back function with hidden visibility.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied.
 * @note    Use DECLCALLBACKTYPE for typedefs.
 */
#define DECL_HIDDEN_CALLBACK(a_RetType) DECL_HIDDEN_ONLY(DECLCALLBACK(a_RetType))

/** @def DECLCALLBACKTYPE_EX
 * How to declare an call back function type.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_CallConv  Calling convention.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the typedef
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#if RT_CLANG_PREREQ(6,0) && !defined(RT_RELAXED_CALLBACKS_TYPES)
# define DECLCALLBACKTYPE_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) __attribute__((__nothrow__)) a_RetType a_CallConv a_Name a_Args
#elif RT_MSC_PREREQ(RT_MSC_VER_VS2015) /*?*/ && defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_MSC_EXTENSIONS) && !defined(RT_RELAXED_CALLBACKS_TYPES)
# define DECLCALLBACKTYPE_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) a_RetType a_CallConv a_Name a_Args throw()
#else
# define DECLCALLBACKTYPE_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) a_RetType a_CallConv a_Name a_Args
#endif
/** @def DECLCALLBACKTYPE
 * How to declare an call back function type.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the typedef
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#define DECLCALLBACKTYPE(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) DECLCALLBACKTYPE_EX(a_RetType, RT_FAR_CODE RTCALL, a_Name, a_Args)

/** @def DECLCALLBACKPTR_EX
 * How to declare an call back function pointer.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_CallConv  Calling convention.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the variable member.
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
# define DECLCALLBACKPTR_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) a_RetType (* a_CallConv a_Name) a_Args
#elif RT_CLANG_PREREQ(6,0) && !defined(RT_RELAXED_CALLBACKS_TYPES)
# define DECLCALLBACKPTR_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) __attribute__((__nothrow__)) a_RetType (a_CallConv * a_Name) a_Args
#elif RT_MSC_PREREQ(RT_MSC_VER_VS2015) /*?*/ && defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_MSC_EXTENSIONS) && !defined(RT_RELAXED_CALLBACKS_TYPES)
# define DECLCALLBACKPTR_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) a_RetType (a_CallConv * a_Name) a_Args throw()
#else
# define DECLCALLBACKPTR_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) a_RetType (a_CallConv * a_Name) a_Args
#endif
/** @def DECLCALLBACKPTR
 * How to declare an call back function pointer.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the variable member.
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#define DECLCALLBACKPTR(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) DECLCALLBACKPTR_EX(a_RetType, RT_FAR_CODE RTCALL, a_Name, a_Args)

/** @def DECLCALLBACKMEMBER_EX
 * How to declare an call back function pointer member.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_CallConv  Calling convention.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the struct/union/class member.
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
# define DECLCALLBACKMEMBER_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) a_RetType (* a_CallConv a_Name) a_Args
#elif RT_CLANG_PREREQ(6,0) && !defined(RT_RELAXED_CALLBACKS_TYPES)
# define DECLCALLBACKMEMBER_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) __attribute__((__nothrow__)) a_RetType (a_CallConv *a_Name) a_Args
#elif RT_MSC_PREREQ(RT_MSC_VER_VS2015) /*?*/ && defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_MSC_EXTENSIONS) && !defined(RT_RELAXED_CALLBACKS_TYPES)
# define DECLCALLBACKMEMBER_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) a_RetType (a_CallConv *a_Name) a_Args throw()
#else
# define DECLCALLBACKMEMBER_EX(a_RetType, a_CallConv, a_Name, a_Args) a_RetType (a_CallConv *a_Name) a_Args
#endif
/** @def DECLCALLBACKMEMBER
 * How to declare an call back function pointer member.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the struct/union/class member.
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#define DECLCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) DECLCALLBACKMEMBER_EX(a_RetType, RT_FAR_CODE RTCALL, a_Name, a_Args)

/** @def DECLR3CALLBACKMEMBER
 * How to declare an call back function pointer member - R3 Ptr.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the struct/union/class member.
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#if defined(IN_RING3) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define DECLR3CALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) DECLCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args)
#else
# define DECLR3CALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) RTR3PTR a_Name
#endif

/** @def DECLRCCALLBACKMEMBER
 * How to declare an call back function pointer member - RC Ptr.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the struct/union/class member.
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#if defined(IN_RC) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define DECLRCCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) DECLCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args)
#else
# define DECLRCCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) RTRCPTR a_Name
#endif
#if defined(IN_RC) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define DECLRGCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) DECLCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args)
#else
# define DECLRGCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) RTRGPTR a_Name
#endif

/** @def DECLR0CALLBACKMEMBER
 * How to declare an call back function pointer member - R0 Ptr.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @param   a_Name      The name of the struct/union/class member.
 * @param   a_Args      The argument list enclosed in parentheses.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied, but not supported by all compilers yet.
 */
#if defined(IN_RING0) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define DECLR0CALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) DECLCALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args)
#else
# define DECLR0CALLBACKMEMBER(a_RetType, a_Name, a_Args) RTR0PTR a_Name
#endif

/** @def DECLINLINE
 * How to declare a function as inline that does not throw any C++ exceptions.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @remarks Don't use this macro on C++ methods.
 * @sa      DECL_INLINE_THROW
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define DECLINLINE(a_RetType)          DECL_NOTHROW(static __inline__ a_RetType)
#elif defined(__cplusplus) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define DECLINLINE(a_RetType)          DECL_NOTHROW(static inline a_RetType)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define DECLINLINE(a_RetType)          DECL_NOTHROW(static _inline a_RetType)
#elif defined(__IBMC__)
# define DECLINLINE(a_RetType)          DECL_NOTHROW(_Inline a_RetType)
#else
# define DECLINLINE(a_RetType)          DECL_NOTHROW(inline a_RetType)
#endif

/** @def DECL_INLINE_THROW
 * How to declare a function as inline that throws C++ exceptions.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @remarks Don't use this macro on C++ methods.
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define DECL_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType)   static __inline__ a_RetType
#elif defined(__cplusplus) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define DECL_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType)   static inline a_RetType
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define DECL_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType)   static _inline a_RetType
#elif defined(__IBMC__)
# define DECL_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType)   _Inline a_RetType
#else
# define DECL_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType)   inline a_RetType
#endif

/** @def DECL_FORCE_INLINE
 * How to declare a function that does not throw any C++ exceptions as inline
 * and try convince the compiler to always inline it regardless of optimization
 * switches.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @remarks Use sparsely and with care. Don't use this macro on C++ methods.
 * @sa      DECL_FORCE_INLINE_THROW
 */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define DECL_FORCE_INLINE(a_RetType)   __attribute__((__always_inline__)) DECLINLINE(a_RetType)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define DECL_FORCE_INLINE(a_RetType)   DECL_NOTHROW(__forceinline a_RetType)
#else
# define DECL_FORCE_INLINE(a_RetType)   DECLINLINE(a_RetType)
#endif

/** @def DECL_FORCE_INLINE_THROW
 * How to declare a function throwing C++ exceptions as inline and try convince
 * the compiler to always inline it regardless of optimization switches.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @remarks Use sparsely and with care. Don't use this macro on C++ methods.
 */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define DECL_FORCE_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType) __attribute__((__always_inline__)) DECL_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define DECL_FORCE_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType) __forceinline a_RetType
#else
# define DECL_FORCE_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType) DECL_INLINE_THROW(a_RetType)
#endif


/** @def DECL_NO_INLINE
 * How to declare a function telling the compiler not to inline it.
 * @param   scope   The function scope, static or RT_NOTHING.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @remarks Don't use this macro on C++ methods.
 */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define DECL_NO_INLINE(scope, a_RetType)   __attribute__((__noinline__)) scope a_RetType
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define DECL_NO_INLINE(scope, a_RetType)   __declspec(noinline) scope a_RetType
#else
# define DECL_NO_INLINE(scope,a_RetType) scope a_RetType
#endif


/** @def IN_RT_STATIC
 * Used to indicate whether we're linking against a static IPRT
 * or not.
 *
 * The IPRT symbols will be declared as hidden (if supported).  Note that this
 * define has no effect without also setting one of the IN_RT_R0, IN_RT_R3 or
 * IN_RT_RC indicators.
 */

/** @def IN_RT_R0
 * Used to indicate whether we're inside the same link module as the host
 * context ring-0 Runtime Library.
 */
/** @def RTR0DECL(a_RetType)
 * Runtime Library host context ring-0 export or import declaration.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return a_RetType of the function declaration.
 * @remarks This is only used inside IPRT.  Other APIs need to define their own
 *          XXXX_DECL macros for dealing with import/export/static visibility.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied.
 */
#ifdef IN_RT_R0
# ifdef IN_RT_STATIC
#  define RTR0DECL(a_RetType)   DECL_HIDDEN_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
# else
#  define RTR0DECL(a_RetType)   DECL_EXPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
# endif
#else
# define RTR0DECL(a_RetType)    DECL_IMPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
#endif

/** @def IN_RT_R3
 * Used to indicate whether we're inside the same link module as the host
 * context ring-3 Runtime Library.
 */
/** @def RTR3DECL(a_RetType)
 * Runtime Library host context ring-3 export or import declaration.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @remarks This is only used inside IPRT.  Other APIs need to define their own
 *          XXXX_DECL macros for dealing with import/export/static visibility.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied.
 */
#ifdef IN_RT_R3
# ifdef IN_RT_STATIC
#  define RTR3DECL(a_RetType)   DECL_HIDDEN_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
# else
#  define RTR3DECL(a_RetType)   DECL_EXPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
# endif
#else
# define RTR3DECL(a_RetType)    DECL_IMPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
#endif

/** @def IN_RT_RC
 * Used to indicate whether we're inside the same link module as the raw-mode
 * context (RC) runtime library.
 */
/** @def RTRCDECL(a_RetType)
 * Runtime Library raw-mode context export or import declaration.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @remarks This is only used inside IPRT.  Other APIs need to define their own
 *          XXXX_DECL macros for dealing with import/export/static visibility.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied.
 */
#ifdef IN_RT_RC
# ifdef IN_RT_STATIC
#  define RTRCDECL(a_RetType)   DECL_HIDDEN_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
# else
#  define RTRCDECL(a_RetType)   DECL_EXPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
# endif
#else
# define RTRCDECL(a_RetType)    DECL_IMPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
#endif

/** @def RTDECL(a_RetType)
 * Runtime Library export or import declaration.
 * Functions declared using this macro exists in all contexts.
 * @param   a_RetType   The return type of the function declaration.
 * @remarks This is only used inside IPRT.  Other APIs need to define their own
 *          XXXX_DECL macros for dealing with import/export/static visibility.
 * @note    DECL_NOTHROW is implied.
 */
#if defined(IN_RT_R3) || defined(IN_RT_RC) || defined(IN_RT_R0)
# ifdef IN_RT_STATIC
#  define RTDECL(a_RetType)     DECL_HIDDEN_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
# else
#  define RTDECL(a_RetType)     DECL_EXPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
# endif
#else
# define RTDECL(a_RetType)      DECL_IMPORT_NOTHROW(a_RetType) RTCALL
#endif

/** @def RTDATADECL(a_Type)
 * Runtime Library export or import declaration.
 * Data declared using this macro exists in all contexts.
 * @param   a_Type  The data type.
 * @remarks This is only used inside IPRT.  Other APIs need to define their own
 *          XXXX_DECL macros for dealing with import/export/static visibility.
 */
/** @def RT_DECL_DATA_CONST(a_Type)
 * Definition of a const variable. See DECL_HIDDEN_CONST.
 * @param   a_Type  The const data type.
 * @remarks This is only used inside IPRT.  Other APIs need to define their own
 *          XXXX_DECL macros for dealing with import/export/static visibility.
 */
#if defined(IN_RT_R3) || defined(IN_RT_RC) || defined(IN_RT_R0)
# ifdef IN_RT_STATIC
#  define RTDATADECL(a_Type)            DECL_HIDDEN_DATA(a_Type)
#  define RT_DECL_DATA_CONST(a_Type)    DECL_HIDDEN_CONST(a_Type)
# else
#  define RTDATADECL(a_Type)            DECLEXPORT(a_Type)
#  if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__GNUC__)
#   define RT_DECL_DATA_CONST(a_Type)   a_Type
#  else
#   define RT_DECL_DATA_CONST(a_Type)   DECLEXPORT(a_Type)
#  endif
# endif
#else
# define RTDATADECL(a_Type)             DECLIMPORT(a_Type)
# define RT_DECL_DATA_CONST(a_Type)     DECLIMPORT(a_Type)
#endif

/** @def RT_DECL_CLASS
 * Declares an class living in the runtime.
 * @remarks This is only used inside IPRT.  Other APIs need to define their own
 *          XXXX_DECL macros for dealing with import/export/static visibility.
 */
#if defined(IN_RT_R3) || defined(IN_RT_RC) || defined(IN_RT_R0)
# ifdef IN_RT_STATIC
#  define RT_DECL_CLASS
# else
#  define RT_DECL_CLASS     DECLEXPORT_CLASS
# endif
#else
# define RT_DECL_CLASS      DECLIMPORT_CLASS
#endif


/** @def RT_NOCRT
 * Symbol name wrapper for the No-CRT bits.
 *
 * In order to coexist in the same process as other CRTs, we need to
 * decorate the symbols such that they don't conflict the ones in the
 * other CRTs. The result of such conflicts / duplicate symbols can
 * confuse the dynamic loader on Unix like systems.
 *
 * Define RT_WITHOUT_NOCRT_WRAPPERS to drop the wrapping.
 * Define RT_WITHOUT_NOCRT_WRAPPER_ALIASES to drop the aliases to the
 * wrapped names.
 */
/** @def RT_NOCRT_STR
 * Same as RT_NOCRT only it'll return a double quoted string of the result.
 */
#ifndef RT_WITHOUT_NOCRT_WRAPPERS
# define RT_NOCRT(name) nocrt_ ## name
# define RT_NOCRT_STR(name) "nocrt_" # name
#else
# define RT_NOCRT(name) name
# define RT_NOCRT_STR(name) #name
#endif


/** @name Untrusted data classifications.
 * @{ */
/** @def RT_UNTRUSTED_USER
 * For marking non-volatile (race free) data from user mode as untrusted.
 * This is just for visible documentation. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_USER
/** @def RT_UNTRUSTED_VOLATILE_USER
 * For marking volatile data shared with user mode as untrusted.
 * This is more than just documentation as it specifies the 'volatile' keyword,
 * because the guest could modify the data at any time. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_VOLATILE_USER              volatile

/** @def RT_UNTRUSTED_GUEST
 * For marking non-volatile (race free) data from the guest as untrusted.
 * This is just for visible documentation. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_GUEST
/** @def RT_UNTRUSTED_VOLATILE_GUEST
 * For marking volatile data shared with the guest as untrusted.
 * This is more than just documentation as it specifies the 'volatile' keyword,
 * because the guest could modify the data at any time. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_VOLATILE_GUEST             volatile

/** @def RT_UNTRUSTED_HOST
 * For marking non-volatile (race free) data from the host as untrusted.
 * This is just for visible documentation. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_HOST
/** @def RT_UNTRUSTED_VOLATILE_HOST
 * For marking volatile data shared with the host as untrusted.
 * This is more than just documentation as it specifies the 'volatile' keyword,
 * because the host could modify the data at any time. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_VOLATILE_HOST              volatile

/** @def RT_UNTRUSTED_HSTGST
 * For marking non-volatile (race free) data from the host/gust as untrusted.
 * This is just for visible documentation. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_HSTGST
/** @def RT_UNTRUSTED_VOLATILE_HSTGST
 * For marking volatile data shared with the host/guest as untrusted.
 * This is more than just documentation as it specifies the 'volatile' keyword,
 * because the host could modify the data at any time. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_VOLATILE_HSTGST            volatile
/** @} */

/** @name Fences for use when handling untrusted data.
 * @{ */
/** For use after copying untruated volatile data to a non-volatile location.
 * This translates to a compiler memory barrier and will help ensure that the
 * compiler uses the non-volatile copy of the data. */
#define RT_UNTRUSTED_NONVOLATILE_COPY_FENCE()   ASMCompilerBarrier()
/** For use after finished validating guest input.
 * What this translates to is architecture dependent.  On intel it will
 * translate to a CPU load+store fence as well as a compiler memory barrier. */
#if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || (defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && !defined(RT_WITH_OLD_CPU_SUPPORT))
# define RT_UNTRUSTED_VALIDATED_FENCE()         do { ASMCompilerBarrier(); ASMReadFence(); } while (0)
#elif defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
# define RT_UNTRUSTED_VALIDATED_FENCE()         do { ASMCompilerBarrier(); ASMMemoryFence(); } while (0)
#else
# define RT_UNTRUSTED_VALIDATED_FENCE()         do { ASMCompilerBarrier(); } while (0)
#endif
/** @} */


/** @def RT_LIKELY
 * Give the compiler a hint that an expression is very likely to hold true.
 *
 * Some compilers support explicit branch prediction so that the CPU backend
 * can hint the processor and also so that code blocks can be reordered such
 * that the predicted path sees a more linear flow, thus improving cache
 * behaviour, etc.
 *
 * IPRT provides the macros RT_LIKELY() and RT_UNLIKELY() as a way to utilize
 * this compiler feature when present.
 *
 * A few notes about the usage:
 *
 *      - Generally, order your code use RT_LIKELY() instead of RT_UNLIKELY().
 *
 *      - Generally, use RT_UNLIKELY() with error condition checks (unless you
 *        have some _strong_ reason to do otherwise, in which case document it),
 *        and/or RT_LIKELY() with success condition checks, assuming you want
 *        to optimize for the success path.
 *
 *      - Other than that, if you don't know the likelihood of a test succeeding
 *        from empirical or other 'hard' evidence, don't make predictions unless
 *        you happen to be a Dirk Gently character.
 *
 *      - These macros are meant to be used in places that get executed a lot. It
 *        is wasteful to make predictions in code that is executed rarely (e.g.
 *        at subsystem initialization time) as the basic block reordering that this
 *        affects can often generate larger code.
 *
 *      - Note that RT_SUCCESS() and RT_FAILURE() already makes use of RT_LIKELY()
 *        and RT_UNLIKELY().  Should you wish for prediction free status checks,
 *        use the RT_SUCCESS_NP() and RT_FAILURE_NP() macros instead.
 *
 *
 * @returns the boolean result of the expression.
 * @param   expr        The expression that's very likely to be true.
 * @see     RT_UNLIKELY
 */
/** @def RT_UNLIKELY
 * Give the compiler a hint that an expression is highly unlikely to hold true.
 *
 * See the usage instructions give in the RT_LIKELY() docs.
 *
 * @returns the boolean result of the expression.
 * @param   expr        The expression that's very unlikely to be true.
 * @see     RT_LIKELY
 *
 * @deprecated Please use RT_LIKELY() instead wherever possible!  That gives us
 *          a better chance of the windows compilers to generate favorable code
 *          too.  The belief is that the compiler will by default assume the
 *          if-case is more likely than the else-case.
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__)
# if __GNUC__ >= 3 && !defined(FORTIFY_RUNNING)
#  define RT_LIKELY(expr)       __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 1)
#  define RT_UNLIKELY(expr)     __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 0)
# else
#  define RT_LIKELY(expr)       (expr)
#  define RT_UNLIKELY(expr)     (expr)
# endif
#else
# define RT_LIKELY(expr)        (expr)
# define RT_UNLIKELY(expr)      (expr)
#endif

/** @def RT_EXPAND_2
 * Helper for RT_EXPAND. */
#define RT_EXPAND_2(a_Expr)     a_Expr
/** @def RT_EXPAND
 * Returns the expanded expression.
 * @param   a_Expr              The expression to expand. */
#define RT_EXPAND(a_Expr)       RT_EXPAND_2(a_Expr)

/** @def RT_STR
 * Returns the argument as a string constant.
 * @param   str     Argument to stringify.  */
#define RT_STR(str)             #str
/** @def RT_XSTR
 * Returns the expanded argument as a string.
 * @param   str     Argument to expand and stringify. */
#define RT_XSTR(str)            RT_STR(str)

/** @def RT_LSTR_2
 * Helper for RT_WSTR that gets the expanded @a str.
 * @param   str     String litteral to prefix with 'L'.  */
#define RT_LSTR_2(str)          L##str
/** @def RT_LSTR
 * Returns the expanded argument with a L string prefix.
 *
 * Intended for converting ASCII string \#defines into wide char string
 * litterals on Windows.
 *
 * @param   str     String litteral to . */
#define RT_LSTR(str)            RT_LSTR_2(str)

/** @def RT_UNPACK_CALL
 * Unpacks the an argument list inside an extra set of parenthesis and turns it
 * into a call to @a a_Fn.
 *
 * @param   a_Fn        Function/macro to call.
 * @param   a_Args      Parameter list in parenthesis.
 */
#define RT_UNPACK_CALL(a_Fn, a_Args) a_Fn a_Args

#if defined(RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)

/** @def RT_UNPACK_ARGS
 * Returns the arguments without parenthesis.
 *
 * @param   ...         Parameter list in parenthesis.
 * @remarks Requires RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS.
 */
# define RT_UNPACK_ARGS(...)    __VA_ARGS__

/** @def RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_HLP
 * Helper for RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS that picks out the argument count from
 * RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_REV_SEQ. */
# define RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_HLP( \
    c69, c68, c67, c66, c65, c64, c63, c62, c61, c60, \
    c59, c58, c57, c56, c55, c54, c53, c52, c51, c50, \
    c49, c48, c47, c46, c45, c44, c43, c42, c41, c40, \
    c39, c38, c37, c36, c35, c34, c33, c32, c31, c30, \
    c29, c28, c27, c26, c25, c24, c23, c22, c21, c20, \
    c19, c18, c17, c16, c15, c14, c13, c12, c11, c10, \
     c9,  c8,  c7,  c6,  c5,  c4,  c3,  c2,  c1, cArgs, ...) cArgs
/** Argument count sequence. */
# define RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_REV_SEQ \
     69,  68,  67,  66,  65,  64,  63,  62,  61,  60, \
     59,  58,  57,  56,  55,  54,  53,  52,  51,  50, \
     49,  48,  47,  46,  45,  44,  43,  42,  41,  40, \
     39,  38,  37,  36,  35,  34,  33,  32,  31,  30, \
     29,  28,  27,  26,  25,  24,  23,  22,  21,  20, \
     19,  18,  17,  16,  15,  14,  13,  12,  11,  10, \
      9,   8,   7,   6,   5,   4,   3,   2,   1,   0
/** This is for zero arguments. At least Visual C++ requires it. */
# define RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_PREFIX_RT_NOTHING       RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_REV_SEQ
/**
 * Counts the number of arguments given to the variadic macro.
 *
 * Max is 69.
 *
 * @returns Number of arguments in the ellipsis
 * @param   ...     Arguments to count.
 * @remarks Requires RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS.
 */
# define RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS(...) \
      RT_UNPACK_CALL(RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_HLP, (RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_PREFIX_ ## __VA_ARGS__ ## RT_NOTHING, \
                                            RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS_REV_SEQ))

#endif /* RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS */


/** @def RT_CONCAT
 * Concatenate the expanded arguments without any extra spaces in between.
 *
 * @param   a       The first part.
 * @param   b       The second part.
 */
#define RT_CONCAT(a,b)              RT_CONCAT_HLP(a,b)
/** RT_CONCAT helper, don't use.  */
#define RT_CONCAT_HLP(a,b)          a##b

/** @def RT_CONCAT3
 * Concatenate the expanded arguments without any extra spaces in between.
 *
 * @param   a       The 1st part.
 * @param   b       The 2nd part.
 * @param   c       The 3rd part.
 */
#define RT_CONCAT3(a,b,c)           RT_CONCAT3_HLP(a,b,c)
/** RT_CONCAT3 helper, don't use.  */
#define RT_CONCAT3_HLP(a,b,c)       a##b##c

/** @def RT_CONCAT4
 * Concatenate the expanded arguments without any extra spaces in between.
 *
 * @param   a       The 1st part.
 * @param   b       The 2nd part.
 * @param   c       The 3rd part.
 * @param   d       The 4th part.
 */
#define RT_CONCAT4(a,b,c,d)         RT_CONCAT4_HLP(a,b,c,d)
/** RT_CONCAT4 helper, don't use.  */
#define RT_CONCAT4_HLP(a,b,c,d)     a##b##c##d

/** @def RT_CONCAT5
 * Concatenate the expanded arguments without any extra spaces in between.
 *
 * @param   a       The 1st part.
 * @param   b       The 2nd part.
 * @param   c       The 3rd part.
 * @param   d       The 4th part.
 * @param   e       The 5th part.
 */
#define RT_CONCAT5(a,b,c,d,e)         RT_CONCAT5_HLP(a,b,c,d,e)
/** RT_CONCAT5 helper, don't use.  */
#define RT_CONCAT5_HLP(a,b,c,d,e)     a##b##c##d##e

/** @def RT_CONCAT6
 * Concatenate the expanded arguments without any extra spaces in between.
 *
 * @param   a       The 1st part.
 * @param   b       The 2nd part.
 * @param   c       The 3rd part.
 * @param   d       The 4th part.
 * @param   e       The 5th part.
 * @param   f       The 6th part.
 */
#define RT_CONCAT6(a,b,c,d,e,f)       RT_CONCAT6_HLP(a,b,c,d,e,f)
/** RT_CONCAT6 helper, don't use.  */
#define RT_CONCAT6_HLP(a,b,c,d,e,f)   a##b##c##d##e##f

/** @def RT_CONCAT7
 * Concatenate the expanded arguments without any extra spaces in between.
 *
 * @param   a       The 1st part.
 * @param   b       The 2nd part.
 * @param   c       The 3rd part.
 * @param   d       The 4th part.
 * @param   e       The 5th part.
 * @param   f       The 6th part.
 * @param   g       The 7th part.
 */
#define RT_CONCAT7(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)       RT_CONCAT7_HLP(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)
/** RT_CONCAT7 helper, don't use.  */
#define RT_CONCAT7_HLP(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)   a##b##c##d##e##f##g

/** @def RT_CONCAT8
 * Concatenate the expanded arguments without any extra spaces in between.
 *
 * @param   a       The 1st part.
 * @param   b       The 2nd part.
 * @param   c       The 3rd part.
 * @param   d       The 4th part.
 * @param   e       The 5th part.
 * @param   f       The 6th part.
 * @param   g       The 7th part.
 * @param   h       The 8th part.
 */
#define RT_CONCAT8(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h)     RT_CONCAT8_HLP(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h)
/** RT_CONCAT8 helper, don't use.  */
#define RT_CONCAT8_HLP(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h) a##b##c##d##e##f##g##h

/** @def RT_CONCAT9
 * Concatenate the expanded arguments without any extra spaces in between.
 *
 * @param   a       The 1st part.
 * @param   b       The 2nd part.
 * @param   c       The 3rd part.
 * @param   d       The 4th part.
 * @param   e       The 5th part.
 * @param   f       The 6th part.
 * @param   g       The 7th part.
 * @param   h       The 8th part.
 * @param   i       The 9th part.
 */
#define RT_CONCAT9(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i)   RT_CONCAT9_HLP(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i)
/** RT_CONCAT9 helper, don't use.  */
#define RT_CONCAT9_HLP(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i) a##b##c##d##e##f##g##h##i

/**
 * String constant tuple - string constant, strlen(string constant).
 *
 * @param   a_szConst   String constant.
 * @sa      RTSTRTUPLE
 */
#define RT_STR_TUPLE(a_szConst)  a_szConst, (sizeof(a_szConst) - 1)


/**
 * Macro for using in switch statements that turns constants into strings.
 *
 * @param   a_Const     The constant (not string).
 */
#define RT_CASE_RET_STR(a_Const)     case a_Const: return #a_Const


/** @def RT_BIT
 * Convert a bit number into an integer bitmask (unsigned).
 * @param   bit     The bit number.
 */
#define RT_BIT(bit)                             ( 1U << (bit) )

/** @def RT_BIT_32
 * Convert a bit number into a 32-bit bitmask (unsigned).
 * @param   bit     The bit number.
 */
#define RT_BIT_32(bit)                          ( UINT32_C(1) << (bit) )

/** @def RT_BIT_64
 * Convert a bit number into a 64-bit bitmask (unsigned).
 * @param   bit     The bit number.
 */
#define RT_BIT_64(bit)                          ( UINT64_C(1) << (bit) )

/** @def RT_BIT_Z
 * Convert a bit number into a size_t bitmask (for avoid MSC warnings).
 * @param   a_iBit  The bit number.
 */
#define RT_BIT_Z(a_iBit)                        ( (size_t)(1) << (a_iBit) )


/** @def RT_BF_GET
 * Gets the value of a bit field in an integer value.
 *
 * This requires a couple of macros to be defined for the field:
 *      - \<a_FieldNm\>_SHIFT: The shift count to get to the field.
 *      - \<a_FieldNm\>_MASK:  The field mask.
 *
 * @returns The bit field value.
 * @param   a_uValue        The integer value containing the field.
 * @param   a_FieldNm       The field name prefix for getting at the _SHIFT and
 *                          _MASK macros.
 * @sa      #RT_BF_CLEAR, #RT_BF_SET, #RT_BF_MAKE, #RT_BF_ZMASK
 */
#define RT_BF_GET(a_uValue, a_FieldNm)          ( ((a_uValue) >> RT_CONCAT(a_FieldNm,_SHIFT)) & RT_BF_ZMASK(a_FieldNm) )

/** @def RT_BF_SET
 * Sets the given bit field in the integer value.
 *
 * This requires a couple of macros to be defined for the field:
 *      - \<a_FieldNm\>_SHIFT: The shift count to get to the field.
 *      - \<a_FieldNm\>_MASK:  The field mask.  Must have the same type as the
 *        integer value!!
 *
 * @returns Integer value with bit field set to @a a_uFieldValue.
 * @param   a_uValue        The integer value containing the field.
 * @param   a_FieldNm       The field name prefix for getting at the _SHIFT and
 *                          _MASK macros.
 * @param   a_uFieldValue   The new field value.
 * @sa      #RT_BF_GET, #RT_BF_CLEAR, #RT_BF_MAKE, #RT_BF_ZMASK
 */
#define RT_BF_SET(a_uValue, a_FieldNm, a_uFieldValue) ( RT_BF_CLEAR(a_uValue, a_FieldNm) | RT_BF_MAKE(a_FieldNm, a_uFieldValue) )

/** @def RT_BF_CLEAR
 * Clears the given bit field in the integer value.
 *
 * This requires a couple of macros to be defined for the field:
 *      - \<a_FieldNm\>_SHIFT: The shift count to get to the field.
 *      - \<a_FieldNm\>_MASK:  The field mask.  Must have the same type as the
 *        integer value!!
 *
 * @returns Integer value with bit field set to zero.
 * @param   a_uValue        The integer value containing the field.
 * @param   a_FieldNm       The field name prefix for getting at the _SHIFT and
 *                          _MASK macros.
 * @sa      #RT_BF_GET, #RT_BF_SET, #RT_BF_MAKE, #RT_BF_ZMASK
 */
#define RT_BF_CLEAR(a_uValue, a_FieldNm)        ( (a_uValue) & ~RT_CONCAT(a_FieldNm,_MASK) )

/** @def RT_BF_MAKE
 * Shifts and masks a bit field value into position in the integer value.
 *
 * This requires a couple of macros to be defined for the field:
 *      - \<a_FieldNm\>_SHIFT: The shift count to get to the field.
 *      - \<a_FieldNm\>_MASK:  The field mask.
 *
 * @param   a_FieldNm       The field name prefix for getting at the _SHIFT and
 *                          _MASK macros.
 * @param   a_uFieldValue   The field value that should be masked and shifted
 *                          into position.
 * @sa      #RT_BF_GET, #RT_BF_SET, #RT_BF_CLEAR, #RT_BF_ZMASK
 */
#define RT_BF_MAKE(a_FieldNm, a_uFieldValue)    ( ((a_uFieldValue) & RT_BF_ZMASK(a_FieldNm) ) << RT_CONCAT(a_FieldNm,_SHIFT) )

/** @def RT_BF_ZMASK
 * Helper for getting the field mask shifted to bit position zero.
 *
 * @param   a_FieldNm       The field name prefix for getting at the _SHIFT and
 *                          _MASK macros.
 * @sa      #RT_BF_GET, #RT_BF_SET, #RT_BF_CLEAR, #RT_BF_MAKE
 */
#define RT_BF_ZMASK(a_FieldNm)                  ( RT_CONCAT(a_FieldNm,_MASK) >> RT_CONCAT(a_FieldNm,_SHIFT) )

/** Bit field compile time check helper
 * @internal */
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_XOR_MASK(a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm)  ((a_uLeft) ^ RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _MASK))
/** Bit field compile time check helper
 * @internal */
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_OR_MASK(a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm)   ((a_uLeft) | RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _MASK))
/** Bit field compile time check helper
 * @internal */
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1ST_MASK_BIT(a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm) \
    ((a_uLeft) && ( (RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _MASK) >> RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _SHIFT)) & 1U ) )
/** Used to check that a bit field mask does not start too early.
 * @internal */
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_MASK_START(a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm) \
    (   (a_uLeft) \
     && (   RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _SHIFT) == 0 \
         || (  (  (   ((RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _MASK) >> RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _SHIFT)) & 1U) \
                   << RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _SHIFT)) /* => single bit mask, correct type */ \
                - 1U) /* => mask of all bits below the field */ \
             & RT_CONCAT3(a_RightPrefix, a_FieldNm, _MASK)) == 0 ) )
/** @name Bit field compile time check recursion workers.
 * @internal
 * @{  */
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix, f1) \
    a_DoThis(a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix, f1)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_2(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                        f1, f2) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_3(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                        f1, f2, f3) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_2(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_4(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                        f1, f2, f3, f4) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_3(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_5(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                        f1, f2, f3, f4, f5) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_4(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_6(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                        f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_5(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_7(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                        f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_6(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_8(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                        f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_7(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_9(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                        f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_8(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_10(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_9(a_DoThis,  RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_11(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_10(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_12(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_11(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_13(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_12(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_14(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_13(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_15(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_14(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_16(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_15(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_17(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_16(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_18(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_17(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_19(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_18(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_20(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_19(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_21(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_20(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_22(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_21(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_23(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_22(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_24(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_23(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_25(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_24(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_26(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_25(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_27(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_26(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_28(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_27(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_29(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_28(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_30(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_29(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_31(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_30(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_32(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_31(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_33(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_32(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_34(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_33(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_35(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_34(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_36(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_35(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_37(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_36(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_38(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_37(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_39(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_38(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_40(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_39(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_41(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_40(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_42(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_41(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_43(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_42(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_44(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_43(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_45(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_44(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_46(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_45(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_47(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_46(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_48(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_47(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_49(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_48(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_50(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_49(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_51(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_40(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_52(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_51(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_53(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_52(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_54(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_53(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_55(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_54(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_56(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_55(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_57(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_56(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_58(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_57(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_59(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_58(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_60(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_59(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_61(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60, f61) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_60(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60, f61)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_62(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60, f61, f62) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_61(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60, f61, f62)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_63(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60, f61, f62, f63) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_62(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60, f61, f62, f63)
#define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_64(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,                                       f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60, f61, f62, f63, f64) \
    RT_BF_CHECK_DO_63(a_DoThis, RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix,f1), a_RightPrefix, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, f25, f26, f27, f28, f29, f30, f31, f32, f33, f34, f35, f36, f37, f38, f39, f40, f41, f42, f43, f44, f45, f46, f47, f48, f49, f50, f51, f52, f53, f54, f55, f56, f57, f58, f59, f60, f61, f62, f63, f64)
/** @} */

/** @def RT_BF_ASSERT_COMPILE_CHECKS
 * Emits a series of AssertCompile statements checking that the bit-field
 * declarations doesn't overlap, has holes, and generally makes some sense.
 *
 * This requires variadic macros because its too much to type otherwise.
 */
#if defined(RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# define RT_BF_ASSERT_COMPILE_CHECKS(a_Prefix, a_uZero, a_uCovered, a_Fields) \
    AssertCompile(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_N(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_OR_MASK,     a_uZero, a_Prefix, RT_UNPACK_ARGS a_Fields ) == a_uCovered); \
    AssertCompile(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_N(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_XOR_MASK, a_uCovered, a_Prefix, RT_UNPACK_ARGS a_Fields ) == 0); \
    AssertCompile(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_N(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_1ST_MASK_BIT,   true, a_Prefix, RT_UNPACK_ARGS a_Fields ) == true); \
    AssertCompile(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_N(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_MASK_START,     true, a_Prefix, RT_UNPACK_ARGS a_Fields ) == true)
/** Bit field compile time check helper
 * @internal */
# define RT_BF_CHECK_DO_N(a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix, ...) \
        RT_UNPACK_CALL(RT_CONCAT(RT_BF_CHECK_DO_, RT_EXPAND(RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__))), (a_DoThis, a_uLeft, a_RightPrefix, __VA_ARGS__))
#else
# define RT_BF_ASSERT_COMPILE_CHECKS(a_Prefix, a_uZero, a_uCovered, a_Fields) AssertCompile(true)
#endif


/** @def RT_ALIGN
 * Align macro.
 * @param   u           Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 *
 * @remark  Be extremely careful when using this macro with type which sizeof != sizeof int.
 *          When possible use any of the other RT_ALIGN_* macros. And when that's not
 *          possible, make 101% sure that uAlignment is specified with a right sized type.
 *
 *          Specifying an unsigned 32-bit alignment constant with a 64-bit value will give
 *          you a 32-bit return value!
 *
 *          In short: Don't use this macro. Use RT_ALIGN_T() instead.
 */
#define RT_ALIGN(u, uAlignment)                 ( ((u) + ((uAlignment) - 1)) & ~((uAlignment) - 1) )

/** @def RT_ALIGN_T
 * Align macro.
 * @param   u           Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 * @param   type        Integer type to use while aligning.
 * @remark  This macro is the preferred alignment macro, it doesn't have any of the pitfalls RT_ALIGN has.
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_T(u, uAlignment, type)         ( ((type)(u) + ((uAlignment) - 1)) & ~(type)((uAlignment) - 1) )

/** @def RT_ALIGN_32
 * Align macro for a 32-bit value.
 * @param   u32         Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_32(u32, uAlignment)            RT_ALIGN_T(u32, uAlignment, uint32_t)

/** @def RT_ALIGN_64
 * Align macro for a 64-bit value.
 * @param   u64         Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_64(u64, uAlignment)            RT_ALIGN_T(u64, uAlignment, uint64_t)

/** @def RT_ALIGN_Z
 * Align macro for size_t.
 * @param   cb          Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_Z(cb, uAlignment)              RT_ALIGN_T(cb, uAlignment, size_t)

/** @def RT_ALIGN_P
 * Align macro for pointers.
 * @param   pv          Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_P(pv, uAlignment)              RT_ALIGN_PT(pv, uAlignment, void *)

/** @def RT_ALIGN_PT
 * Align macro for pointers with type cast.
 * @param   u           Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 * @param   CastType    The type to cast the result to.
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_PT(u, uAlignment, CastType)    ( (CastType)RT_ALIGN_T(u, uAlignment, uintptr_t) )

/** @def RT_ALIGN_R3PT
 * Align macro for ring-3 pointers with type cast.
 * @param   u           Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 * @param   CastType    The type to cast the result to.
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_R3PT(u, uAlignment, CastType)  ( (CastType)RT_ALIGN_T(u, uAlignment, RTR3UINTPTR) )

/** @def RT_ALIGN_R0PT
 * Align macro for ring-0 pointers with type cast.
 * @param   u           Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 * @param   CastType    The type to cast the result to.
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_R0PT(u, uAlignment, CastType)  ( (CastType)RT_ALIGN_T(u, uAlignment, RTR0UINTPTR) )

/** @def RT_ALIGN_GCPT
 * Align macro for GC pointers with type cast.
 * @param   u           Value to align.
 * @param   uAlignment  The alignment. Power of two!
 * @param   CastType        The type to cast the result to.
 */
#define RT_ALIGN_GCPT(u, uAlignment, CastType)  ( (CastType)RT_ALIGN_T(u, uAlignment, RTGCUINTPTR) )


/** @def RT_OFFSETOF
 * Our own special offsetof() variant, returns a signed result.
 *
 * @returns offset into the structure of the specified member. signed.
 * @param   type    Structure type.
 * @param   member  Member.
 *
 * @remarks Only use this for static offset calculations. Please
 *          use RT_UOFFSETOF_DYN for dynamic ones (i.e. involves
 *          non-constant array indexing).
 *
 */
#if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 0)
# define RT_OFFSETOF(type, member)              ( (int)__builtin_offsetof(type, member) )
#else
# define RT_OFFSETOF(type, member)              ( (int)(intptr_t)&( ((type *)(void *)0)->member) )
#endif

/** @def RT_UOFFSETOF
 * Our own offsetof() variant, returns an unsigned result.
 *
 * @returns offset into the structure of the specified member. unsigned.
 * @param   type    Structure type.
 * @param   member  Member.
 *
 * @remarks Only use this for static offset calculations. Please
 *          use RT_UOFFSETOF_DYN for dynamic ones (i.e. involves
 *          non-constant array indexing).
 */
#if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 0)
# define RT_UOFFSETOF(type, member)             ( (uintptr_t)__builtin_offsetof(type, member) )
#else
# define RT_UOFFSETOF(type, member)             ( (uintptr_t)&( ((type *)(void *)0)->member) )
#endif

/** @def RT_OFFSETOF_ADD
 * RT_OFFSETOF with an addend.
 *
 * @returns offset into the structure of the specified member. signed.
 * @param   type    Structure type.
 * @param   member  Member.
 * @param   addend  The addend to add to the offset.
 *
 * @remarks Only use this for static offset calculations.
 */
#define RT_OFFSETOF_ADD(type, member, addend)   ( (int)RT_UOFFSETOF_ADD(type, member, addend) )

/** @def RT_UOFFSETOF_ADD
 * RT_UOFFSETOF with an addend.
 *
 * @returns offset into the structure of the specified member. signed.
 * @param   type    Structure type.
 * @param   member  Member.
 * @param   addend  The addend to add to the offset.
 *
 * @remarks Only use this for static offset calculations.
 */
#if RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 0)
# define RT_UOFFSETOF_ADD(type, member, addend)  ( (uintptr_t)(__builtin_offsetof(type, member) + (addend)))
#else
# define RT_UOFFSETOF_ADD(type, member, addend)  ( (uintptr_t)&( ((type *)(void *)(uintptr_t)(addend))->member) )
#endif

/** @def RT_UOFFSETOF_DYN
 * Dynamic (runtime) structure offset calculations, involving
 * indexing of array members via variable.
 *
 * @returns offset into the structure of the specified member. signed.
 * @param   type        Structure type.
 * @param   memberarray Member.
 */
#if defined(__cplusplus) && RT_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 4)
# define RT_UOFFSETOF_DYN(type, memberarray)    ( (uintptr_t)&( ((type *)(void *)0x1000)->memberarray) - 0x1000 )
#else
# define RT_UOFFSETOF_DYN(type, memberarray)    ( (uintptr_t)&( ((type *)(void *)0)->memberarray) )
#endif


/** @def RT_SIZEOFMEMB
 * Get the size of a structure member.
 *
 * @returns size of the structure member.
 * @param   type    Structure type.
 * @param   member  Member.
 */
#define RT_SIZEOFMEMB(type, member)             ( sizeof(((type *)(void *)0)->member) )

/** @def RT_UOFFSET_AFTER
 * Returns the offset of the first byte following a structure/union member.
 *
 * @return byte offset into the struct.
 * @param   a_Type      Structure type.
 * @param   a_Member    The member name.
 */
#define RT_UOFFSET_AFTER(a_Type, a_Member)      ( RT_UOFFSETOF(a_Type, a_Member) + RT_SIZEOFMEMB(a_Type, a_Member) )

/** @def RT_FROM_MEMBER
 * Convert a pointer to a structure member into a pointer to the structure.
 *
 * @returns pointer to the structure.
 * @param   pMem    Pointer to the member.
 * @param   Type    Structure type.
 * @param   Member  Member name.
 */
#define RT_FROM_MEMBER(pMem, Type, Member)      ( (Type *) ((uint8_t *)(void *)(pMem) - RT_UOFFSETOF(Type, Member)) )

/** @def RT_FROM_CPP_MEMBER
 * Same as RT_FROM_MEMBER except it avoids the annoying g++ warnings about
 * invalid access to non-static data member of NULL object.
 *
 * @returns pointer to the structure.
 * @param   pMem    Pointer to the member.
 * @param   Type    Structure type.
 * @param   Member  Member name.
 *
 * @remarks Using the __builtin_offsetof does not shut up the compiler.
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__cplusplus)
# define RT_FROM_CPP_MEMBER(pMem, Type, Member) \
        ( (Type *) ((uintptr_t)(pMem) - (uintptr_t)&((Type *)0x1000)->Member + 0x1000U) )
#else
# define RT_FROM_CPP_MEMBER(pMem, Type, Member) RT_FROM_MEMBER(pMem, Type, Member)
#endif

/** @def RT_FROM_MEMBER_DYN
 * Convert a pointer to a structure member into a pointer to the structure.
 *
 * @returns pointer to the structure.
 * @param   pMem    Pointer to the member.
 * @param   Type    Structure type.
 * @param   Member  Member name dynamic size (some array is index by
 *                  non-constant value).
 */
#define RT_FROM_MEMBER_DYN(pMem, Type, Member)  ( (Type *) ((uint8_t *)(void *)(pMem) - RT_UOFFSETOF_DYN(Type, Member)) )

/** @def RT_ELEMENTS
 * Calculates the number of elements in a statically sized array.
 * @returns Element count.
 * @param   aArray      Array in question.
 */
#define RT_ELEMENTS(aArray)                     ( sizeof(aArray) / sizeof((aArray)[0]) )

/** @def RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT
 * Safe array subscript using modulo and size_t cast.
 * @param   a_Array     The array.
 * @param   a_idx       The array index, cast to size_t to ensure unsigned.
 */
#define RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT(a_Array, a_idx)      (a_Array)[(size_t)(a_idx) % RT_ELEMENTS(a_Array)]

/** @def RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT32
 * Safe array subscript using modulo and uint32_t cast.
 * @param   a_Array     The array.
 * @param   a_idx       The array index, cast to size_t to ensure unsigned.
 * @note    Only consider using this if array size is not power of two.
 */
#define RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT32(a_Array, a_idx)    (a_Array)[(uint32_t)(a_idx) % RT_ELEMENTS(a_Array)]

/** @def RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT16
 * Safe array subscript using modulo and uint16_t cast.
 * @param   a_Array     The array.
 * @param   a_idx       The array index, cast to size_t to ensure unsigned.
 * @note    Only consider using this if array size is not power of two.
 */
#define RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT16(a_Array, a_idx)     (a_Array)[(uint16_t)(a_idx) % RT_ELEMENTS(a_Array)]

/** @def RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT8
 * Safe array subscript using modulo and uint8_t cast.
 * @param   a_Array     The array.
 * @param   a_idx       The array index, cast to size_t to ensure unsigned.
 * @note    Only consider using this if array size is not power of two.
 */
#define RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT8(a_Array, a_idx)      (a_Array)[(uint8_t)(a_idx) % RT_ELEMENTS(a_Array)]

/** @def RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT_NC
 * Safe array subscript using modulo but no cast.
 * @param   a_Array     The array.
 * @param   a_idx       The array index - assumes unsigned type.
 * @note    Only consider using this if array size is not power of two.
 */
#define RT_SAFE_SUBSCRIPT_NC(a_Array, a_idx)    (a_Array)[(a_idx) % RT_ELEMENTS(a_Array)]

/** @def RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY
 * What to up inside the square brackets when declaring a structure member
 * with a flexible size.
 *
 * @note    RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_EXTENSION must always preceed the type, unless
 *          it's C-only code.
 *
 * @note    Use RT_UOFFSETOF() to calculate the structure size.
 *
 * @note    Never do a sizeof() on the structure or member!
 *
 * @note    The member must be the last one.
 *
 * @note    GCC does not permit using this in a union.  So, for unions you must
 *          use RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_UNION instead.
 *
 * @note    GCC does not permit using this in nested structures, where as MSC
 *          does.  So, use RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_NESTED for that.
 *
 * @sa      RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_NESTED, RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_UNION
 */
#if RT_MSC_PREREQ(RT_MSC_VER_VS2005) /** @todo Probably much much earlier. */ \
 || (defined(__cplusplus) && RT_GNUC_PREREQ(6, 1)) /* not tested 7.x, but hope it works with __extension__ too. */ \
 || defined(__WATCOMC__) /* openwatcom 1.9 supports it, we don't care about older atm. */ \
 || RT_CLANG_PREREQ_EX(3, 4, 0) /* Only tested clang v3.4, support is probably older. */
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY
# if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_MSC_VER)
#  pragma warning(disable:4200) /* -wd4200 does not work with VS2010 */
#  pragma warning(disable:4815) /* -wd4815 does not work with VS2019 */
# endif
#elif defined(__STDC_VERSION__)
# if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 1999901L
#  define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY
# else
#  define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY                     1
# endif
#else
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY                      1
#endif

/** @def RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_EXTENSION
 * A trick to make GNU C++ quietly accept flexible arrays in C++ code when
 * pedantic warnings are enabled.  Put this on the line before the flexible
 * array. */
#if (RT_GNUC_PREREQ(7, 0) && defined(__cplusplus)) || defined(DOXGYEN_RUNNING)
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_EXTENSION            RT_GCC_EXTENSION
#else
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_EXTENSION
#endif

/** @def RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_NESTED
 * Variant of RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY for use in structures that are nested.
 *
 * GCC only allow the use of flexible array member in the top structure, whereas
 * MSC is less strict and let you do struct { struct { char szName[]; } s; };
 *
 * @note    See notes for RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY.
 *
 * @note    GCC does not permit using this in a union.  So, for unions you must
 *          use RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_NESTED_UNION instead.
 *
 * @sa      RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY, RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_NESTED_UNION
 */
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_NESTED               RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY
#else
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_NESTED               1
#endif

/** @def RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_UNION
 * The union version of RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY.
 *
 * @remarks GCC does not support flexible array members in unions, 6.1.x
 *          actively checks for this.  Visual C++ 2010 seems happy with it.
 *
 * @note    See notes for RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY.
 *
 * @sa      RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY, RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_NESTED_UNION
 */
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_UNION             RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY
#else
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_UNION             1
#endif

/** @def RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_NESTED_UNION
 * The union version of RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_NESTED.
 *
 * @note    See notes for RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY.
 *
 * @sa      RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY, RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_NESTED_UNION
 */
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_NESTED_UNION      RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_NESTED
#else
# define RT_FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_IN_NESTED_UNION      1
#endif

/** @def RT_UNION_NM
 * For compilers (like DTrace) that does not grok nameless unions, we have a
 * little hack to make them palatable.
 */
/** @def RT_STRUCT_NM
 * For compilers (like DTrace) that does not grok nameless structs (it is
 * non-standard C++), we have a little hack to make them palatable.
 */
#ifdef IPRT_WITHOUT_NAMED_UNIONS_AND_STRUCTS
# define RT_UNION_NM(a_Nm)  a_Nm
# define RT_STRUCT_NM(a_Nm) a_Nm
#else
# define RT_UNION_NM(a_Nm)
# define RT_STRUCT_NM(a_Nm)
#endif

/**
 * Checks if the value is a power of two.
 *
 * @returns true if power of two, false if not.
 * @param   uVal                The value to test.
 * @remarks 0 is a power of two.
 * @see     VERR_NOT_POWER_OF_TWO
 */
#define RT_IS_POWER_OF_TWO(uVal)                ( ((uVal) & ((uVal) - 1)) == 0)

#ifdef RT_OS_OS2
/* Undefine RT_MAX since there is an unfortunate clash with the max
   resource type define in os2.h. */
# undef RT_MAX
#endif

/** @def RT_MAX
 * Finds the maximum value.
 * @returns The higher of the two.
 * @param   Value1      Value 1
 * @param   Value2      Value 2
 */
#define RT_MAX(Value1, Value2)                  ( (Value1) >= (Value2) ? (Value1) : (Value2) )

/** @def RT_MIN
 * Finds the minimum value.
 * @returns The lower of the two.
 * @param   Value1      Value 1
 * @param   Value2      Value 2
 */
#define RT_MIN(Value1, Value2)                  ( (Value1) <= (Value2) ? (Value1) : (Value2) )

/** @def RT_CLAMP
 * Clamps the value to minimum and maximum values.
 * @returns The clamped value.
 * @param   Value       The value to check.
 * @param   Min         Minimum value.
 * @param   Max         Maximum value.
 */
#define RT_CLAMP(Value, Min, Max)               ( (Value) > (Max) ? (Max) : (Value) < (Min) ? (Min) : (Value) )

/** @def RT_ABS
 * Get the absolute (non-negative) value.
 * @returns The absolute value of Value.
 * @param   Value       The value.
 */
#define RT_ABS(Value)                           ( (Value) >= 0 ? (Value) : -(Value) )

/** @def RT_BOOL
 * Turn non-zero/zero into true/false
 * @returns The resulting boolean value.
 * @param   Value       The value.
 */
#define RT_BOOL(Value)                          ( !!(Value) )

/** @def RT_LO_U8
 * Gets the low uint8_t of a uint16_t or something equivalent. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define RT_LO_U8(a)    __extension__ ({ AssertCompile(sizeof((a)) == sizeof(uint16_t)); (uint8_t)(a); })
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* shut up cast truncates constant value warnings */
# define RT_LO_U8(a)                            ( (uint8_t)(UINT8_MAX & (a)) )
#else
# define RT_LO_U8(a)                            ( (uint8_t)(a) )
#endif
/** @def RT_HI_U8
 * Gets the high uint8_t of a uint16_t or something equivalent. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define RT_HI_U8(a)    __extension__ ({ AssertCompile(sizeof((a)) == sizeof(uint16_t)); (uint8_t)((a) >> 8); })
#else
# define RT_HI_U8(a)                            ( (uint8_t)((a) >> 8) )
#endif

/** @def RT_LO_U16
 * Gets the low uint16_t of a uint32_t or something equivalent. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define RT_LO_U16(a)   __extension__ ({ AssertCompile(sizeof((a)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); (uint16_t)(a); })
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* shut up cast truncates constant value warnings */
# define RT_LO_U16(a)                           ( (uint16_t)(UINT16_MAX & (a)) )
#else
# define RT_LO_U16(a)                           ( (uint16_t)(a) )
#endif
/** @def RT_HI_U16
 * Gets the high uint16_t of a uint32_t or something equivalent. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define RT_HI_U16(a)   __extension__ ({ AssertCompile(sizeof((a)) == sizeof(uint32_t)); (uint16_t)((a) >> 16); })
#else
# define RT_HI_U16(a)                           ( (uint16_t)((a) >> 16) )
#endif

/** @def RT_LO_U32
 * Gets the low uint32_t of a uint64_t or something equivalent. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define RT_LO_U32(a)   __extension__ ({ AssertCompile(sizeof((a)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); (uint32_t)(a); })
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* shut up cast truncates constant value warnings */
# define RT_LO_U32(a)                           ( (uint32_t)(UINT32_MAX & (a)) )
#else
# define RT_LO_U32(a)                           ( (uint32_t)(a) )
#endif
/** @def RT_HI_U32
 * Gets the high uint32_t of a uint64_t or something equivalent. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define RT_HI_U32(a)   __extension__ ({ AssertCompile(sizeof((a)) == sizeof(uint64_t)); (uint32_t)((a) >> 32); })
#else
# define RT_HI_U32(a)                           ( (uint32_t)((a) >> 32) )
#endif

/** @def RT_BYTE1
 * Gets the first byte of something. */
#define RT_BYTE1(a)                             ( (uint8_t)((a)         & 0xff) )
/** @def RT_BYTE2
 * Gets the second byte of something. */
#define RT_BYTE2(a)                             ( (uint8_t)(((a) >>  8) & 0xff) )
/** @def RT_BYTE3
 * Gets the second byte of something. */
#define RT_BYTE3(a)                             ( (uint8_t)(((a) >> 16) & 0xff) )
/** @def RT_BYTE4
 * Gets the fourth byte of something. */
#define RT_BYTE4(a)                             ( (uint8_t)(((a) >> 24) & 0xff) )
/** @def RT_BYTE5
 * Gets the fifth byte of something. */
#define RT_BYTE5(a)                             ( (uint8_t)(((a) >> 32) & 0xff) )
/** @def RT_BYTE6
 * Gets the sixth byte of something. */
#define RT_BYTE6(a)                             ( (uint8_t)(((a) >> 40) & 0xff) )
/** @def RT_BYTE7
 * Gets the seventh byte of something. */
#define RT_BYTE7(a)                             ( (uint8_t)(((a) >> 48) & 0xff) )
/** @def RT_BYTE8
 * Gets the eight byte of something. */
#define RT_BYTE8(a)                             ( (uint8_t)(((a) >> 56) & 0xff) )


/** @def RT_LODWORD
 * Gets the low dword (=uint32_t) of something.
 * @deprecated  Use RT_LO_U32. */
#define RT_LODWORD(a)                           ( (uint32_t)(a) )
/** @def RT_HIDWORD
 * Gets the high dword (=uint32_t) of a 64-bit of something.
 * @deprecated  Use RT_HI_U32. */
#define RT_HIDWORD(a)                           ( (uint32_t)((a) >> 32) )

/** @def RT_LOWORD
 * Gets the low word (=uint16_t) of something.
 * @deprecated  Use RT_LO_U16. */
#define RT_LOWORD(a)                            ( (a) & 0xffff )
/** @def RT_HIWORD
 * Gets the high word (=uint16_t) of a 32-bit something.
 * @deprecated  Use RT_HI_U16. */
#define RT_HIWORD(a)                            ( (a) >> 16 )

/** @def RT_LOBYTE
 * Gets the low byte of something.
 * @deprecated  Use RT_LO_U8. */
#define RT_LOBYTE(a)                            ( (a) & 0xff )
/** @def RT_HIBYTE
 * Gets the high byte of a 16-bit something.
 * @deprecated  Use RT_HI_U8. */
#define RT_HIBYTE(a)                            ( (a) >> 8 )


/** @def RT_MAKE_U64
 * Constructs a uint64_t value from two uint32_t values.
 */
#define RT_MAKE_U64(Lo, Hi)                     ( (uint64_t)((uint32_t)(Hi)) << 32 | (uint32_t)(Lo) )

/** @def RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U16
 * Constructs a uint64_t value from four uint16_t values.
 */
#define RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U16(w0, w1, w2, w3) \
    ((uint64_t)(  (uint64_t)((uint16_t)(w3)) << 48 \
                | (uint64_t)((uint16_t)(w2)) << 32 \
                | (uint32_t)((uint16_t)(w1)) << 16 \
                |            (uint16_t)(w0) ))

/** @def RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U8
 * Constructs a uint64_t value from eight uint8_t values.
 */
#define RT_MAKE_U64_FROM_U8(b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7) \
    ((uint64_t)(  (uint64_t)((uint8_t)(b7)) << 56 \
                | (uint64_t)((uint8_t)(b6)) << 48 \
                | (uint64_t)((uint8_t)(b5)) << 40 \
                | (uint64_t)((uint8_t)(b4)) << 32 \
                | (uint32_t)((uint8_t)(b3)) << 24 \
                | (uint32_t)((uint8_t)(b2)) << 16 \
                | (uint16_t)((uint8_t)(b1)) << 8 \
                |            (uint8_t)(b0) ))

/** @def RT_MAKE_U32
 * Constructs a uint32_t value from two uint16_t values.
 */
#define RT_MAKE_U32(Lo, Hi) \
    ((uint32_t)(  (uint32_t)((uint16_t)(Hi)) << 16 \
                | (uint16_t)(Lo) ))

/** @def RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8
 * Constructs a uint32_t value from four uint8_t values.
 */
#define RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(b0, b1, b2, b3) \
    ((uint32_t)(  (uint32_t)((uint8_t)(b3)) << 24 \
                | (uint32_t)((uint8_t)(b2)) << 16 \
                | (uint32_t)((uint8_t)(b1)) << 8 \
                |            (uint8_t)(b0) ))

/** @def RT_MAKE_U16
 * Constructs a uint16_t value from two uint8_t values.
 */
#define RT_MAKE_U16(Lo, Hi) \
    ((uint16_t)(  (uint16_t)((uint8_t)(Hi)) << 8 \
                | (uint8_t)(Lo) ))


/** @def RT_BSWAP_U64
 * Reverses the byte order of an uint64_t value. */
#if defined(__GNUC__)
# define RT_BSWAP_U64(u64)  (__builtin_constant_p((u64)) ? RT_BSWAP_U64_C(u64) : ASMByteSwapU64(u64))
#else
# define RT_BSWAP_U64(u64)  ASMByteSwapU64(u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_BSWAP_U32
 * Reverses the byte order of an uint32_t value. */
#if defined(__GNUC__)
# define RT_BSWAP_U32(u32)  (__builtin_constant_p((u32)) ? RT_BSWAP_U32_C(u32) : ASMByteSwapU32(u32))
#else
# define RT_BSWAP_U32(u32)  ASMByteSwapU32(u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_BSWAP_U16
 * Reverses the byte order of an uint16_t value. */
#if defined(__GNUC__)
# define RT_BSWAP_U16(u16)  (__builtin_constant_p((u16)) ? RT_BSWAP_U16_C(u16) : ASMByteSwapU16(u16))
#else
# define RT_BSWAP_U16(u16)  ASMByteSwapU16(u16)
#endif

/** @def RT_BSWAP_S64
 * Reverses the byte order of an int64_t value. */
#define RT_BSWAP_S64(i64)   ((int64_t)RT_BSWAP_U64((uint64_t)i64))

/** @def RT_BSWAP_S32
 * Reverses the byte order of an int32_t value. */
#define RT_BSWAP_S32(i32)   ((int32_t)RT_BSWAP_U32((uint32_t)i32))

/** @def RT_BSWAP_S16
 * Reverses the byte order of an int16_t value. */
#define RT_BSWAP_S16(i16)   ((int16_t)RT_BSWAP_U16((uint16_t)i16))


/** @def RT_BSWAP_U64_C
 * Reverses the byte order of an uint64_t constant. */
#define RT_BSWAP_U64_C(u64) RT_MAKE_U64(RT_BSWAP_U32_C((u64) >> 32), RT_BSWAP_U32_C((u64) & 0xffffffff))

/** @def RT_BSWAP_U32_C
 * Reverses the byte order of an uint32_t constant. */
#define RT_BSWAP_U32_C(u32) RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(RT_BYTE4(u32), RT_BYTE3(u32), RT_BYTE2(u32), RT_BYTE1(u32))

/** @def RT_BSWAP_U16_C
 * Reverses the byte order of an uint16_t constant. */
#define RT_BSWAP_U16_C(u16) RT_MAKE_U16(RT_HIBYTE(u16), RT_LOBYTE(u16))

/** @def RT_BSWAP_S64_C
 * Reverses the byte order of an int64_t constant. */
#define RT_BSWAP_S64_C(i64) ((int64_t)RT_MAKE_U64(RT_BSWAP_U32_C((uint64_t)(i64) >> 32), RT_BSWAP_U32_C((uint32_t)(i64))))

/** @def RT_BSWAP_S32_C
 * Reverses the byte order of an int32_t constant. */
#define RT_BSWAP_S32_C(i32) ((int32_t)RT_MAKE_U32_FROM_U8(RT_BYTE4(i32), RT_BYTE3(i32), RT_BYTE2(i32), RT_BYTE1(i)))

/** @def RT_BSWAP_S16_C
 * Reverses the byte order of an uint16_t constant. */
#define RT_BSWAP_S16_C(i16) ((int16_t)RT_MAKE_U16(RT_HIBYTE(i16), RT_LOBYTE(i16)))



/** @name Host to/from little endian.
 * @note Typically requires iprt/asm.h to be included.
 * @{ */

/** @def RT_H2LE_U64
 * Converts an uint64_t value from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_U64(u64)   RT_BSWAP_U64(u64)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_U64(u64)   (u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_U64_C
 * Converts an uint64_t constant from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_U64_C(u64) RT_BSWAP_U64_C(u64)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_U64_C(u64) (u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_U32
 * Converts an uint32_t value from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_U32(u32)   RT_BSWAP_U32(u32)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_U32(u32)   (u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_U32_C
 * Converts an uint32_t constant from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_U32_C(u32) RT_BSWAP_U32_C(u32)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_U32_C(u32) (u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_U16
 * Converts an uint16_t value from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_U16(u16)   RT_BSWAP_U16(u16)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_U16(u16)   (u16)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_U16_C
 * Converts an uint16_t constant from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_U16_C(u16) RT_BSWAP_U16_C(u16)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_U16_C(u16) (u16)
#endif


/** @def RT_LE2H_U64
 * Converts an uint64_t value from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_U64(u64)   RT_BSWAP_U64(u64)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_U64(u64)   (u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_U64_C
 * Converts an uint64_t constant from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_U64_C(u64) RT_BSWAP_U64_C(u64)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_U64_C(u64) (u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_U32
 * Converts an uint32_t value from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_U32(u32)   RT_BSWAP_U32(u32)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_U32(u32)   (u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_U32_C
 * Converts an uint32_t constant from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_U32_C(u32) RT_BSWAP_U32_C(u32)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_U32_C(u32) (u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_U16
 * Converts an uint16_t value from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_U16(u16)   RT_BSWAP_U16(u16)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_U16(u16)   (u16)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_U16_C
 * Converts an uint16_t constant from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_U16_C(u16) RT_BSWAP_U16_C(u16)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_U16_C(u16) (u16)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_S64
 * Converts an int64_t value from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_S64(i64)   RT_BSWAP_S64(i64)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_S64(i64)   (i64)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_S64_C
 * Converts an int64_t constant from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_S64_C(i64) RT_BSWAP_S64_C(i64)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_S64_C(i64) (i64)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_S32
 * Converts an int32_t value from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_S32(i32)   RT_BSWAP_S32(i32)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_S32(i32)   (i32)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_S32_C
 * Converts an int32_t constant from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_S32_C(i32) RT_BSWAP_S32_C(i32)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_S32_C(i32) (i32)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_S16
 * Converts an int16_t value from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_S16(i16)   RT_BSWAP_S16(i16)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_S16(i16)   (i16)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2LE_S16_C
 * Converts an int16_t constant from host to little endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2LE_S16_C(i16) RT_BSWAP_S16_C(i16)
#else
# define RT_H2LE_S16_C(i16) (i16)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_S64
 * Converts an int64_t value from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_S64(i64)   RT_BSWAP_S64(i64)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_S64(i64)   (i64)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_S64_C
 * Converts an int64_t constant from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_S64_C(i64) RT_BSWAP_S64_C(i64)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_S64_C(i64) (i64)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_S32
 * Converts an int32_t value from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_S32(i32)   RT_BSWAP_S32(i32)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_S32(i32)   (i32)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_S32_C
 * Converts an int32_t constant from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_S32_C(i32) RT_BSWAP_S32_C(i32)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_S32_C(i32) (i32)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_S16
 * Converts an int16_t value from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_S16(i16)   RT_BSWAP_S16(i16)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_S16(i16)   (i16)
#endif

/** @def RT_LE2H_S16_C
 * Converts an int16_t constant from little endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_LE2H_S16_C(i16) RT_BSWAP_S16_C(i16)
#else
# define RT_LE2H_S16_C(i16) (i16)
#endif

/** @} */

/** @name Host to/from big endian.
 * @note Typically requires iprt/asm.h to be included.
 * @{ */

/** @def RT_H2BE_U64
 * Converts an uint64_t value from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_U64(u64)   (u64)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_U64(u64)   RT_BSWAP_U64(u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_U64_C
 * Converts an uint64_t constant from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_U64_C(u64) (u64)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_U64_C(u64) RT_BSWAP_U64_C(u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_U32
 * Converts an uint32_t value from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_U32(u32)   (u32)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_U32(u32)   RT_BSWAP_U32(u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_U32_C
 * Converts an uint32_t constant from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_U32_C(u32) (u32)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_U32_C(u32) RT_BSWAP_U32_C(u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_U16
 * Converts an uint16_t value from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_U16(u16)   (u16)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_U16(u16)   RT_BSWAP_U16(u16)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_U16_C
 * Converts an uint16_t constant from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_U16_C(u16) (u16)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_U16_C(u16) RT_BSWAP_U16_C(u16)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_U64
 * Converts an uint64_t value from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_U64(u64)   (u64)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_U64(u64)   RT_BSWAP_U64(u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_U64
 * Converts an uint64_t constant from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_U64_C(u64) (u64)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_U64_C(u64) RT_BSWAP_U64_C(u64)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_U32
 * Converts an uint32_t value from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_U32(u32)   (u32)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_U32(u32)   RT_BSWAP_U32(u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_U32_C
 * Converts an uint32_t value from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_U32_C(u32) (u32)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_U32_C(u32) RT_BSWAP_U32_C(u32)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_U16
 * Converts an uint16_t value from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_U16(u16)   (u16)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_U16(u16)   RT_BSWAP_U16(u16)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_U16_C
 * Converts an uint16_t constant from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_U16_C(u16) (u16)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_U16_C(u16) RT_BSWAP_U16_C(u16)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_S64
 * Converts an int64_t value from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_S64(i64)   (i64)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_S64(i64)   RT_BSWAP_S64(i64)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_S64_C
 * Converts an int64_t constant from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_S64_C(i64) (i64)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_S64_C(i64) RT_BSWAP_S64_C(i64)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_S32
 * Converts an int32_t value from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_S32(i32)   (i32)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_S32(i32)   RT_BSWAP_S32(i32)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_S32_C
 * Converts an int32_t constant from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_S32_C(i32) (i32)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_S32_C(i32) RT_BSWAP_S32_C(i32)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_S16
 * Converts an int16_t value from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_S16(i16)   (i16)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_S16(i16)   RT_BSWAP_S16(i16)
#endif

/** @def RT_H2BE_S16_C
 * Converts an int16_t constant from host to big endian byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_H2BE_S16_C(i16) (i16)
#else
# define RT_H2BE_S16_C(i16) RT_BSWAP_S16_C(i16)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_S64
 * Converts an int64_t value from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_S64(i64)   (i64)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_S64(i64)   RT_BSWAP_S64(i64)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_S64
 * Converts an int64_t constant from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_S64_C(i64) (i64)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_S64_C(i64) RT_BSWAP_S64_C(i64)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_S32
 * Converts an int32_t value from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_S32(i32)   (i32)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_S32(i32)   RT_BSWAP_S32(i32)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_S32_C
 * Converts an int32_t value from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_S32_C(i32) (i32)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_S32_C(i32) RT_BSWAP_S32_C(i32)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_S16
 * Converts an int16_t value from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_S16(i16)   (i16)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_S16(i16)   RT_BSWAP_S16(i16)
#endif

/** @def RT_BE2H_S16_C
 * Converts an int16_t constant from big endian to host byte order. */
#ifdef RT_BIG_ENDIAN
# define RT_BE2H_S16_C(i16) (i16)
#else
# define RT_BE2H_S16_C(i16) RT_BSWAP_S16_C(i16)
#endif
/** @} */

/** @name Host to/from network byte order.
 * @note Typically requires iprt/asm.h to be included.
 * @{ */

/** @def RT_H2N_U64
 * Converts an uint64_t value from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_U64(u64)     RT_H2BE_U64(u64)

/** @def RT_H2N_U64_C
 * Converts an uint64_t constant from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_U64_C(u64)   RT_H2BE_U64_C(u64)

/** @def RT_H2N_U32
 * Converts an uint32_t value from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_U32(u32)     RT_H2BE_U32(u32)

/** @def RT_H2N_U32_C
 * Converts an uint32_t constant from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_U32_C(u32)   RT_H2BE_U32_C(u32)

/** @def RT_H2N_U16
 * Converts an uint16_t value from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_U16(u16)     RT_H2BE_U16(u16)

/** @def RT_H2N_U16_C
 * Converts an uint16_t constant from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_U16_C(u16)   RT_H2BE_U16_C(u16)

/** @def RT_N2H_U64
 * Converts an uint64_t value from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_U64(u64)     RT_BE2H_U64(u64)

/** @def RT_N2H_U64_C
 * Converts an uint64_t constant from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_U64_C(u64)   RT_BE2H_U64_C(u64)

/** @def RT_N2H_U32
 * Converts an uint32_t value from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_U32(u32)     RT_BE2H_U32(u32)

/** @def RT_N2H_U32_C
 * Converts an uint32_t constant from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_U32_C(u32)   RT_BE2H_U32_C(u32)

/** @def RT_N2H_U16
 * Converts an uint16_t value from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_U16(u16)     RT_BE2H_U16(u16)

/** @def RT_N2H_U16_C
 * Converts an uint16_t value from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_U16_C(u16)   RT_BE2H_U16_C(u16)

/** @def RT_H2N_S64
 * Converts an int64_t value from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_S64(i64)     RT_H2BE_S64(i64)

/** @def RT_H2N_S64_C
 * Converts an int64_t constant from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_S64_C(i64)   RT_H2BE_S64_C(i64)

/** @def RT_H2N_S32
 * Converts an int32_t value from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_S32(i32)     RT_H2BE_S32(i32)

/** @def RT_H2N_S32_C
 * Converts an int32_t constant from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_S32_C(i32)   RT_H2BE_S32_C(i32)

/** @def RT_H2N_S16
 * Converts an int16_t value from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_S16(i16)     RT_H2BE_S16(i16)

/** @def RT_H2N_S16_C
 * Converts an int16_t constant from host to network byte order. */
#define RT_H2N_S16_C(i16)   RT_H2BE_S16_C(i16)

/** @def RT_N2H_S64
 * Converts an int64_t value from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_S64(i64)     RT_BE2H_S64(i64)

/** @def RT_N2H_S64_C
 * Converts an int64_t constant from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_S64_C(i64)   RT_BE2H_S64_C(i64)

/** @def RT_N2H_S32
 * Converts an int32_t value from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_S32(i32)     RT_BE2H_S32(i32)

/** @def RT_N2H_S32_C
 * Converts an int32_t constant from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_S32_C(i32)   RT_BE2H_S32_C(i32)

/** @def RT_N2H_S16
 * Converts an int16_t value from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_S16(i16)     RT_BE2H_S16(i16)

/** @def RT_N2H_S16_C
 * Converts an int16_t value from network to host byte order. */
#define RT_N2H_S16_C(i16)   RT_BE2H_S16_C(i16)

/** @} */


/*
 * The BSD sys/param.h + machine/param.h file is a major source of
 * namespace pollution. Kill off some of the worse ones unless we're
 * compiling kernel code.
 */
#if defined(RT_OS_DARWIN) \
  && !defined(KERNEL) \
  && !defined(RT_NO_BSD_PARAM_H_UNDEFING) \
  && ( defined(_SYS_PARAM_H_) || defined(_I386_PARAM_H_) )
/* sys/param.h: */
# undef PSWP
# undef PVM
# undef PINOD
# undef PRIBO
# undef PVFS
# undef PZERO
# undef PSOCK
# undef PWAIT
# undef PLOCK
# undef PPAUSE
# undef PUSER
# undef PRIMASK
# undef MINBUCKET
# undef MAXALLOCSAVE
# undef FSHIFT
# undef FSCALE

/* i386/machine.h: */
# undef ALIGN
# undef ALIGNBYTES
# undef DELAY
# undef STATUS_WORD
# undef USERMODE
# undef BASEPRI
# undef MSIZE
# undef CLSIZE
# undef CLSIZELOG2
#endif

/** @def NIL_OFFSET
 * NIL offset.
 * Whenever we use offsets instead of pointers to save space and relocation effort
 * NIL_OFFSET shall be used as the equivalent to NULL.
 */
#define NIL_OFFSET   (~0U)


/** @def NOREF
 * Keeps the compiler from bitching about an unused parameter, local variable,
 * or other stuff, will never use _Pragma are is thus more flexible.
 */
#define NOREF(var)               (void)(var)

/** @def RT_NOREF_PV
 * Keeps the compiler from bitching about an unused parameter or local variable.
 * This one cannot be used with structure members and such, like for instance
 * AssertRC may end up doing due to its generic nature.
 */
#if defined(__cplusplus) && RT_CLANG_PREREQ(6, 0)
# define RT_NOREF_PV(var)       _Pragma(RT_STR(unused(var)))
#else
# define RT_NOREF_PV(var)       (void)(var)
#endif

/** @def RT_NOREF1
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking on parameter. */
#define RT_NOREF1(var1)                                 RT_NOREF_PV(var1)
/** @def RT_NOREF2
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking two parameters. */
#define RT_NOREF2(var1, var2)                           RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF1(var2)
/** @def RT_NOREF3
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking three parameters. */
#define RT_NOREF3(var1, var2, var3)                     RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF2(var2, var3)
/** @def RT_NOREF4
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking four parameters. */
#define RT_NOREF4(var1, var2, var3, var4)               RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF3(var2, var3, var4)
/** @def RT_NOREF5
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking five parameters. */
#define RT_NOREF5(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5)         RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF4(var2, var3, var4, var5)
/** @def RT_NOREF6
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking six parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF6(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6)   RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF5(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6)
/** @def RT_NOREF7
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking seven parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF7(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF6(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7)
/** @def RT_NOREF8
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking eight parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF8(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF7(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8)
/** @def RT_NOREF9
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking nine parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF9(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF8(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9)
/** @def RT_NOREF10
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking ten parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF10(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF_PV(var2); RT_NOREF_PV(var3); RT_NOREF_PV(var4); RT_NOREF_PV(var5); RT_NOREF_PV(var6); \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var7); RT_NOREF_PV(var8); RT_NOREF_PV(var9); RT_NOREF_PV(var10)
/** @def RT_NOREF11
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking eleven parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF11(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF10(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11)
/** @def RT_NOREF12
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking twelve parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF12(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF11(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12)
/** @def RT_NOREF13
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking thirteen parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF13(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12, var13) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF12(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12, var13)
/** @def RT_NOREF14
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking fourteen parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF14(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12, var13, var14) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF13(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12, var13, var14)
/** @def RT_NOREF15
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking fifteen parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF15(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12, var13, var14, var15) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF14(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12, var13, var14, var15)
/** @def RT_NOREF16
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking fifteen parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF16(var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12, var13, var14, var15, var16) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(var1); RT_NOREF15(var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, var7, var8, var9, var10, var11, var12, var13, var14, var15, var16)
/** @def RT_NOREF17
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking seventeen parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF17(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(v1); RT_NOREF16(v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17)
/** @def RT_NOREF18
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking eighteen parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF18(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(v1); RT_NOREF17(v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18)
/** @def RT_NOREF19
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking nineteen parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF19(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(v1); RT_NOREF18(v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19)
/** @def RT_NOREF20
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking twenty parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF20(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(v1); RT_NOREF19(v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20)
/** @def RT_NOREF21
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking twentyone parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF21(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(v1); RT_NOREF20(v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21)
/** @def RT_NOREF22
 * RT_NOREF_PV shorthand taking twentytwo parameters.  */
#define RT_NOREF22(v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22) \
    RT_NOREF_PV(v1); RT_NOREF21(v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22)

/** @def RT_NOREF
 * RT_NOREF_PV variant using the variadic macro feature of C99.
 * @remarks Only use this in sources */
#ifdef RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VA_ARGS
# define RT_NOREF(...) \
    RT_UNPACK_CALL(RT_CONCAT(RT_NOREF, RT_EXPAND(RT_COUNT_VA_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__))),(__VA_ARGS__))
#endif


/** @def RT_BREAKPOINT
 * Emit a debug breakpoint instruction.
 *
 * @remarks In the x86/amd64 gnu world we add a nop instruction after the int3
 *          to force gdb to remain at the int3 source line.
 * @remarks The L4 kernel will try make sense of the breakpoint, thus the jmp on
 *          x86/amd64.
 */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) || defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
#  if !defined(__L4ENV__)
#   define RT_BREAKPOINT()      __asm__ __volatile__("int $3\n\tnop\n\t")
#  else
#   define RT_BREAKPOINT()      __asm__ __volatile__("int3; jmp 1f; 1:\n\t")
#  endif
# elif defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
#  define RT_BREAKPOINT()       __asm__ __volatile__("illtrap 0\n\t")   /** @todo Sparc64: this is just a wild guess. */
# elif defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC)
#  define RT_BREAKPOINT()       __asm__ __volatile__("unimp 0\n\t")     /** @todo Sparc: this is just a wild guess (same as Sparc64, just different name). */
# elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64)
#  define RT_BREAKPOINT()       __asm__ __volatile__("brk #0x1\n\t")
# endif
#endif
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# define RT_BREAKPOINT()        __debugbreak()
#endif
#if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
# define RT_BREAKPOINT()        __interrupt(3)
#endif
#if defined(__WATCOMC__)
# define RT_BREAKPOINT()        _asm { int 3 }
#endif
#ifndef RT_BREAKPOINT
# error "This compiler/arch is not supported!"
#endif


/** @defgroup grp_rt_cdefs_size     Size Constants
 * (Of course, these are binary computer terms, not SI.)
 * @{
 */
/** 1 K (Kilo)                     (1 024). */
#define _1K                     0x00000400
/** 2 K (Kilo)                     (2 048). */
#define _2K                     0x00000800
/** 4 K (Kilo)                     (4 096). */
#define _4K                     0x00001000
/** 8 K (Kilo)                     (8 192). */
#define _8K                     0x00002000
/** 16 K (Kilo)                   (16 384). */
#define _16K                    0x00004000
/** 32 K (Kilo)                   (32 768). */
#define _32K                    0x00008000
/** 64 K (Kilo)                   (65 536). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _64K                   0x00010000
#else
# define _64K           UINT32_C(0x00010000)
#endif
/** 128 K (Kilo)                 (131 072). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _128K                   0x00020000
#else
# define _128K          UINT32_C(0x00020000)
#endif
/** 256 K (Kilo)                 (262 144). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _256K                   0x00040000
#else
# define _256K          UINT32_C(0x00040000)
#endif
/** 512 K (Kilo)                 (524 288). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _512K                   0x00080000
#else
# define _512K          UINT32_C(0x00080000)
#endif
/** 1 M (Mega)                 (1 048 576). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _1M                     0x00100000
#else
# define _1M            UINT32_C(0x00100000)
#endif
/** 2 M (Mega)                 (2 097 152). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _2M                     0x00200000
#else
# define _2M            UINT32_C(0x00200000)
#endif
/** 4 M (Mega)                 (4 194 304). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _4M                     0x00400000
#else
# define _4M            UINT32_C(0x00400000)
#endif
/** 8 M (Mega)                 (8 388 608). */
#define _8M             UINT32_C(0x00800000)
/** 16 M (Mega)               (16 777 216). */
#define _16M            UINT32_C(0x01000000)
/** 32 M (Mega)               (33 554 432). */
#define _32M            UINT32_C(0x02000000)
/** 64 M (Mega)               (67 108 864). */
#define _64M            UINT32_C(0x04000000)
/** 128 M (Mega)             (134 217 728). */
#define _128M           UINT32_C(0x08000000)
/** 256 M (Mega)             (268 435 456). */
#define _256M           UINT32_C(0x10000000)
/** 512 M (Mega)             (536 870 912). */
#define _512M           UINT32_C(0x20000000)
/** 1 G (Giga)             (1 073 741 824). (32-bit) */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _1G                     0x40000000
#else
# define _1G            UINT32_C(0x40000000)
#endif
/** 1 G (Giga)             (1 073 741 824). (64-bit) */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _1G64                   0x40000000LL
#else
# define _1G64          UINT64_C(0x40000000)
#endif
/** 2 G (Giga)             (2 147 483 648). (32-bit) */
#define _2G32           UINT32_C(0x80000000)
/** 2 G (Giga)             (2 147 483 648). (64-bit) */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _2G             0x0000000080000000LL
#else
# define _2G    UINT64_C(0x0000000080000000)
#endif
/** 4 G (Giga)             (4 294 967 296). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _4G             0x0000000100000000LL
#else
# define _4G    UINT64_C(0x0000000100000000)
#endif
/** 1 T (Tera)         (1 099 511 627 776). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _1T             0x0000010000000000LL
#else
# define _1T    UINT64_C(0x0000010000000000)
#endif
/** 1 P (Peta)     (1 125 899 906 842 624). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _1P             0x0004000000000000LL
#else
# define _1P    UINT64_C(0x0004000000000000)
#endif
/** 1 E (Exa)  (1 152 921 504 606 846 976). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _1E             0x1000000000000000LL
#else
# define _1E    UINT64_C(0x1000000000000000)
#endif
/** 2 E (Exa)  (2 305 843 009 213 693 952). */
#if ARCH_BITS != 16
# define _2E             0x2000000000000000ULL
#else
# define _2E    UINT64_C(0x2000000000000000)
#endif
/** @} */

/** @defgroup grp_rt_cdefs_decimal_grouping   Decimal Constant Grouping Macros
 * @{ */
#define RT_D1(g1)                                   g1
#define RT_D2(g1, g2)                               g1#g2
#define RT_D3(g1, g2, g3)                           g1#g2#g3
#define RT_D4(g1, g2, g3, g4)                       g1#g2#g3#g4
#define RT_D5(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5)                   g1#g2#g3#g4#g5
#define RT_D6(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6)               g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6
#define RT_D7(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7)           g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6#g7

#define RT_D1_U(g1)                                 UINT32_C(g1)
#define RT_D2_U(g1, g2)                             UINT32_C(g1#g2)
#define RT_D3_U(g1, g2, g3)                         UINT32_C(g1#g2#g3)
#define RT_D4_U(g1, g2, g3, g4)                     UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4)
#define RT_D5_U(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5)                 UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5)
#define RT_D6_U(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6)             UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6)
#define RT_D7_U(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7)         UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6#g7)

#define RT_D1_S(g1)                                 INT32_C(g1)
#define RT_D2_S(g1, g2)                             INT32_C(g1#g2)
#define RT_D3_S(g1, g2, g3)                         INT32_C(g1#g2#g3)
#define RT_D4_S(g1, g2, g3, g4)                     INT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4)
#define RT_D5_S(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5)                 INT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5)
#define RT_D6_S(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6)             INT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6)
#define RT_D7_S(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7)         INT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6#g7)

#define RT_D1_U32(g1)                               UINT32_C(g1)
#define RT_D2_U32(g1, g2)                           UINT32_C(g1#g2)
#define RT_D3_U32(g1, g2, g3)                       UINT32_C(g1#g2#g3)
#define RT_D4_U32(g1, g2, g3, g4)                   UINT32_C(g1#g2#g3#g4)

#define RT_D1_S32(g1)                               INT32_C(g1)
#define RT_D2_S32(g1, g2)                           INT32_C(g1#g2)
#define RT_D3_S32(g1, g2, g3)                       INT32_C(g1#g2#g3)
#define RT_D4_S32(g1, g2, g3, g4)                   INT32_C(g1#g2#g3#g4)

#define RT_D1_U64(g1)                               UINT64_C(g1)
#define RT_D2_U64(g1, g2)                           UINT64_C(g1#g2)
#define RT_D3_U64(g1, g2, g3)                       UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3)
#define RT_D4_U64(g1, g2, g3, g4)                   UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4)
#define RT_D5_U64(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5)               UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5)
#define RT_D6_U64(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6)           UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6)
#define RT_D7_U64(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7)       UINT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6#g7)

#define RT_D1_S64(g1)                               INT64_C(g1)
#define RT_D2_S64(g1, g2)                           INT64_C(g1#g2)
#define RT_D3_S64(g1, g2, g3)                       INT64_C(g1#g2#g3)
#define RT_D4_S64(g1, g2, g3, g4)                   INT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4)
#define RT_D5_S64(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5)               INT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5)
#define RT_D6_S64(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6)           INT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6)
#define RT_D7_S64(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7)       INT64_C(g1#g2#g3#g4#g5#g6#g7)
/** @}  */


/** @defgroup grp_rt_cdefs_time     Time Constants
 * @{
 */
/** 1 hour expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_1HOUR             UINT64_C(3600000000000)
/** 30 minutes expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_30MIN             UINT64_C(1800000000000)
/** 5 minutes expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_5MIN              UINT64_C(300000000000)
/** 1 minute expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_1MIN              UINT64_C(60000000000)
/** 45 seconds expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_45SEC             UINT64_C(45000000000)
/** 30 seconds expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_30SEC             UINT64_C(30000000000)
/** 20 seconds expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_20SEC             UINT64_C(20000000000)
/** 15 seconds expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_15SEC             UINT64_C(15000000000)
/** 10 seconds expressed in nanoseconds (64-bit). */
#define RT_NS_10SEC             UINT64_C(10000000000)
/** 1 second expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_1SEC              UINT32_C(1000000000)
/** 100 millsecond expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_100MS             UINT32_C(100000000)
/** 10 millsecond expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_10MS              UINT32_C(10000000)
/** 8 millsecond expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_8MS               UINT32_C(8000000)
/** 2 millsecond expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_2MS               UINT32_C(2000000)
/** 1 millsecond expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_1MS               UINT32_C(1000000)
/** 100 microseconds expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_100US             UINT32_C(100000)
/** 10 microseconds expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_10US              UINT32_C(10000)
/** 1 microsecond expressed in nanoseconds. */
#define RT_NS_1US               UINT32_C(1000)

/** 1 second expressed in nanoseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_NS_1SEC_64           UINT64_C(1000000000)
/** 100 millsecond expressed in nanoseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_NS_100MS_64          UINT64_C(100000000)
/** 10 millsecond expressed in nanoseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_NS_10MS_64           UINT64_C(10000000)
/** 1 millsecond expressed in nanoseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_NS_1MS_64            UINT64_C(1000000)
/** 100 microseconds expressed in nanoseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_NS_100US_64          UINT64_C(100000)
/** 10 microseconds expressed in nanoseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_NS_10US_64           UINT64_C(10000)
/** 1 microsecond expressed in nanoseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_NS_1US_64            UINT64_C(1000)

/** 1 hour expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_1HOUR             UINT32_C(3600000000)
/** 30 minutes expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_30MIN             UINT32_C(1800000000)
/** 5 minutes expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_5MIN              UINT32_C(300000000)
/** 1 minute expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_1MIN              UINT32_C(60000000)
/** 45 seconds expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_45SEC             UINT32_C(45000000)
/** 30 seconds expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_30SEC             UINT32_C(30000000)
/** 20 seconds expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_20SEC             UINT32_C(20000000)
/** 15 seconds expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_15SEC             UINT32_C(15000000)
/** 10 seconds expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_10SEC             UINT32_C(10000000)
/** 5 seconds expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_5SEC              UINT32_C(5000000)
/** 1 second expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_1SEC              UINT32_C(1000000)
/** 100 millsecond expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_100MS             UINT32_C(100000)
/** 10 millsecond expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_10MS              UINT32_C(10000)
/** 1 millsecond expressed in microseconds. */
#define RT_US_1MS               UINT32_C(1000)

/** 1 hour expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_1HOUR_64          UINT64_C(3600000000)
/** 30 minutes expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_30MIN_64          UINT64_C(1800000000)
/** 5 minutes expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_5MIN_64           UINT64_C(300000000)
/** 1 minute expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_1MIN_64           UINT64_C(60000000)
/** 45 seconds expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_45SEC_64          UINT64_C(45000000)
/** 30 seconds expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_30SEC_64          UINT64_C(30000000)
/** 20 seconds expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_20SEC_64          UINT64_C(20000000)
/** 15 seconds expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_15SEC_64          UINT64_C(15000000)
/** 10 seconds expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_10SEC_64          UINT64_C(10000000)
/** 5 seconds expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_5SEC_64           UINT64_C(5000000)
/** 1 second expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_1SEC_64           UINT64_C(1000000)
/** 100 millsecond expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_100MS_64          UINT64_C(100000)
/** 10 millsecond expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_10MS_64           UINT64_C(10000)
/** 1 millsecond expressed in microseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_US_1MS_64            UINT64_C(1000)

/** 1 hour expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_1HOUR             UINT32_C(3600000)
/** 30 minutes expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_30MIN             UINT32_C(1800000)
/** 5 minutes expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_5MIN              UINT32_C(300000)
/** 1 minute expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_1MIN              UINT32_C(60000)
/** 45 seconds expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_45SEC             UINT32_C(45000)
/** 30 seconds expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_30SEC             UINT32_C(30000)
/** 20 seconds expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_20SEC             UINT32_C(20000)
/** 15 seconds expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_15SEC             UINT32_C(15000)
/** 10 seconds expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_10SEC             UINT32_C(10000)
/** 5 seconds expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_5SEC              UINT32_C(5000)
/** 1 second expressed in milliseconds. */
#define RT_MS_1SEC              UINT32_C(1000)

/** 1 hour expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_1HOUR_64          UINT64_C(3600000)
/** 30 minutes expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_30MIN_64          UINT64_C(1800000)
/** 5 minutes expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_5MIN_64           UINT64_C(300000)
/** 1 minute expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_1MIN_64           UINT64_C(60000)
/** 45 seconds expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_45SEC_64          UINT64_C(45000)
/** 30 seconds expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_30SEC_64          UINT64_C(30000)
/** 20 seconds expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_20SEC_64          UINT64_C(20000)
/** 15 seconds expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_15SEC_64          UINT64_C(15000)
/** 10 seconds expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_10SEC_64          UINT64_C(10000)
/** 5 seconds expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_5SEC_64           UINT64_C(5000)
/** 1 second expressed in milliseconds - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_MS_1SEC_64           UINT64_C(1000)

/** The number of seconds per week. */
#define RT_SEC_1WEEK            UINT32_C(604800)
/** The number of seconds per day. */
#define RT_SEC_1DAY             UINT32_C(86400)
/** The number of seconds per hour. */
#define RT_SEC_1HOUR            UINT32_C(3600)

/** The number of seconds per week - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_SEC_1WEEK_64         UINT64_C(604800)
/** The number of seconds per day - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_SEC_1DAY_64          UINT64_C(86400)
/** The number of seconds per hour - 64-bit type. */
#define RT_SEC_1HOUR_64         UINT64_C(3600)
/** @}  */


/** @defgroup grp_rt_cdefs_dbgtype  Debug Info Types
 * @{ */
/** Other format. */
#define RT_DBGTYPE_OTHER        RT_BIT_32(0)
/** Stabs. */
#define RT_DBGTYPE_STABS        RT_BIT_32(1)
/** Debug With Arbitrary Record Format (DWARF). */
#define RT_DBGTYPE_DWARF        RT_BIT_32(2)
/** Microsoft Codeview debug info. */
#define RT_DBGTYPE_CODEVIEW     RT_BIT_32(3)
/** Watcom debug info. */
#define RT_DBGTYPE_WATCOM       RT_BIT_32(4)
/** IBM High Level Language debug info. */
#define RT_DBGTYPE_HLL          RT_BIT_32(5)
/** Old OS/2 and Windows symbol file. */
#define RT_DBGTYPE_SYM          RT_BIT_32(6)
/** Map file. */
#define RT_DBGTYPE_MAP          RT_BIT_32(7)
/** @} */


/** @defgroup grp_rt_cdefs_exetype  Executable Image Types
 * @{ */
/** Some other format. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_OTHER        RT_BIT_32(0)
/** Portable Executable. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_PE           RT_BIT_32(1)
/** Linear eXecutable. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_LX           RT_BIT_32(2)
/** Linear Executable. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_LE           RT_BIT_32(3)
/** New Executable. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_NE           RT_BIT_32(4)
/** DOS Executable (Mark Zbikowski). */
#define RT_EXETYPE_MZ           RT_BIT_32(5)
/** COM Executable. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_COM          RT_BIT_32(6)
/** a.out Executable. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_AOUT         RT_BIT_32(7)
/** Executable and Linkable Format. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_ELF          RT_BIT_32(8)
/** Mach-O Executable (including FAT ones). */
#define RT_EXETYPE_MACHO        RT_BIT_32(9)
/** TE from UEFI. */
#define RT_EXETYPE_TE           RT_BIT_32(9)
/** @} */


/** @def RT_VALID_PTR
 * Pointer validation macro.
 * @param   ptr         The pointer.
 */
#if defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)
# ifdef IN_RING3
#  if defined(RT_OS_DARWIN) /* first 4GB is reserved for legacy kernel. */
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    (   (uintptr_t)(ptr) >= _4G \
                                 && !((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xffff800000000000ULL) )
#  elif defined(RT_OS_SOLARIS) /* The kernel only used the top 2TB, but keep it simple. */
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    (   (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x1000U >= 0x2000U \
                                 && (   ((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xffff800000000000ULL) == 0xffff800000000000ULL \
                                     || ((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xffff800000000000ULL) == 0) )
#  elif defined(RT_OS_LINUX) /* May use 5-level paging  (see Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.rst). */
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    (   (uintptr_t)(ptr) >= 0x1000U /* one invalid page at the bottom */ \
                                 && !((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xff00000000000000ULL) )
#  else
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    (   (uintptr_t)(ptr) >= 0x1000U \
                                 && !((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xffff800000000000ULL) )
#  endif
# else /* !IN_RING3 */
#  if defined(RT_OS_LINUX) /* May use 5-level paging (see Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.rst). */
#   if 1 /* User address are no longer considered valid in kernel mode (SMAP, etc). */
#    define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)   ((uintptr_t)(ptr) - 0xff00000000000000ULL < 0x00ffffffffe00000ULL) /* 2MB invalid space at the top */
#   else
#    define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)   (   (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x200000 >= 0x201000U /* one invalid page at the bottom and 2MB at the top */ \
                                 && (   ((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xff00000000000000ULL) == 0xff00000000000000ULL \
                                     || ((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xff00000000000000ULL) == 0) )
#   endif
#  else
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    (   (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x1000U >= 0x2000U \
                                 && (   ((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xffff800000000000ULL) == 0xffff800000000000ULL \
                                     || ((uintptr_t)(ptr) & 0xffff800000000000ULL) == 0) )
#  endif
# endif /* !IN_RING3 */

#elif defined(RT_ARCH_X86)
# define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)      ( (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x1000U >= 0x2000U )

#elif defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC64)
# ifdef IN_RING3
#  if defined(RT_OS_SOLARIS)
/** Sparc64 user mode: According to Figure 9.4 in solaris internals */
/** @todo #   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    ( (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x80004000U >= 0x80004000U + 0x100000000ULL ) - figure this. */
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    ( (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x80000000U >= 0x80000000U + 0x100000000ULL )
#  else
#   error "Port me"
#  endif
# else  /* !IN_RING3 */
#  if defined(RT_OS_SOLARIS)
/** @todo Sparc64 kernel mode: This is according to Figure 11.1 in solaris
 *        internals. Verify in sources. */
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    ( (uintptr_t)(ptr) >= 0x01000000U )
#  else
#   error "Port me"
#  endif
# endif /* !IN_RING3 */

#elif defined(RT_ARCH_SPARC)
# ifdef IN_RING3
#  ifdef RT_OS_SOLARIS
/** Sparc user mode: According to
 * http://cvs.opensolaris.org/source/xref/onnv/onnv-gate/usr/src/uts/sun4/os/startup.c#510 */
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    ( (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x400000U >= 0x400000U + 0x2000U )

#  else
#   error "Port me"
#  endif
# else  /* !IN_RING3 */
#  ifdef RT_OS_SOLARIS
/** @todo Sparc kernel mode: Check the sources! */
#   define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)    ( (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x1000U >= 0x2000U )
#  else
#   error "Port me"
#  endif
# endif /* !IN_RING3 */

#elif defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32) || defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64)
/* ASSUMES that at least the last and first 4K are out of bounds. */
# define RT_VALID_PTR(ptr)      ( (uintptr_t)(ptr) + 0x1000U >= 0x2000U )

#else
# error "Architecture identifier missing / not implemented."
#endif

/** @def RT_VALID_ALIGNED_PTR
 * Pointer validation macro that also checks the alignment.
 * @param   ptr         The pointer.
 * @param   align       The alignment, must be a power of two.
 */
#define RT_VALID_ALIGNED_PTR(ptr, align)   \
    (   !((uintptr_t)(ptr) & (uintptr_t)((align) - 1)) \
     && RT_VALID_PTR(ptr) )


/** @def VALID_PHYS32
 * 32 bits physical address validation macro.
 * @param   Phys          The RTGCPHYS address.
 */
#define VALID_PHYS32(Phys)  ( (uint64_t)(Phys) < (uint64_t)_4G )

/** @def N_
 * The \#define N_ is used to mark a string for translation. This is usable in
 * any part of the code, as it is only used by the tools that create message
 * catalogs. This macro is a no-op as far as the compiler and code generation
 * is concerned.
 *
 * If you want to both mark a string for translation and translate it, use _().
 */
#define N_(s) (s)

/** @def _
 * The \#define _ is used to mark a string for translation and to translate it
 * in one step.
 *
 * If you want to only mark a string for translation, use N_().
 */
#define _(s) gettext(s)


#if (!defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__)) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
# if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
/** With GNU C we'd like to use the builtin __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, so define that
 * for the other compilers. */
#  define __PRETTY_FUNCTION__    __FUNCSIG__
# else
#  define __PRETTY_FUNCTION__    __FUNCTION__
# endif
#endif


/** @def RT_STRICT
 * The \#define RT_STRICT controls whether or not assertions and other runtime
 * checks should be compiled in or not.  This is defined when DEBUG is defined.
 * If RT_NO_STRICT is defined, it will unconditionally be undefined.
 *
 * If you want assertions which are not subject to compile time options use
 * the AssertRelease*() flavors.
 */
#if !defined(RT_STRICT) && defined(DEBUG)
# define RT_STRICT
#endif
#ifdef RT_NO_STRICT
# undef RT_STRICT
#endif

/** @todo remove this: */
#if !defined(RT_LOCK_STRICT) && !defined(DEBUG_bird)
# define RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT
#endif
#if !defined(RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER) && !defined(DEBUG_bird)
# define RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT_ORDER
#endif

/** @def RT_LOCK_STRICT
 * The \#define RT_LOCK_STRICT controls whether deadlock detection and related
 * checks are done in the lock and semaphore code.  It is by default enabled in
 * RT_STRICT builds, but this behavior can be overridden by defining
 * RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT. */
#if !defined(RT_LOCK_STRICT) && !defined(RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT) && defined(RT_STRICT)
# define RT_LOCK_STRICT
#endif
/** @def RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT
 * The \#define RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT disables RT_LOCK_STRICT.  */
#if defined(RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT) && defined(RT_LOCK_STRICT)
# undef RT_LOCK_STRICT
#endif

/** @def RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER
 * The \#define RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER controls whether locking order is checked
 * by the lock and semaphore code.  It is by default enabled in RT_STRICT
 * builds, but this behavior can be overridden by defining
 * RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT_ORDER. */
#if !defined(RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER) && !defined(RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT_ORDER) && defined(RT_STRICT)
# define RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER
#endif
/** @def RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT_ORDER
 * The \#define RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT_ORDER disables RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER.  */
#if defined(RT_LOCK_NO_STRICT_ORDER) && defined(RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER)
# undef RT_LOCK_STRICT_ORDER
#endif


/** Source position. */
#define RT_SRC_POS         __FILE__, __LINE__, RT_GCC_EXTENSION __PRETTY_FUNCTION__

/** Source position declaration. */
#define RT_SRC_POS_DECL    const char *pszFile, unsigned iLine, const char *pszFunction

/** Source position arguments. */
#define RT_SRC_POS_ARGS    pszFile, iLine, pszFunction

/** Applies NOREF() to the source position arguments. */
#define RT_SRC_POS_NOREF() do { NOREF(pszFile); NOREF(iLine); NOREF(pszFunction); } while (0)


/** @def RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL
 * Defined as 1 if the compiler does not support inline assembly.
 * The ASM* functions will then be implemented in external .asm files.
 */
#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64)) \
 || (!defined(RT_ARCH_AMD64) && !defined(RT_ARCH_X86) && !defined(RT_ARCH_ARM64) && !defined(RT_ARCH_ARM32)) \
 || defined(__WATCOMC__)
# define RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL 1
#else
# define RT_INLINE_ASM_EXTERNAL 0
#endif

/** @def RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE
 * Defined as 1 if the compiler understands GNU style inline assembly.
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__)
# define RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE 0
#else
# define RT_INLINE_ASM_GNU_STYLE 1
#endif

/** @def RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
 * Defined as one of the RT_MSC_VER_XXX MSC version values if the compiler have
 * and uses intrin.h.  Otherwise it is 0. */
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# if   _MSC_VER >= RT_MSC_VER_VS2019 /* Visual C++ v14.2 */
#  define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN RT_MSC_VER_VS2019
# elif _MSC_VER >= RT_MSC_VER_VS2017 /* Visual C++ v14.1 */
#  define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN RT_MSC_VER_VS2017
# elif _MSC_VER >= RT_MSC_VER_VS2015 /* Visual C++ v14.0 */
#  define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN RT_MSC_VER_VS2015
# elif _MSC_VER >= RT_MSC_VER_VS2013 /* Visual C++ v12.0 */
#  define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN RT_MSC_VER_VS2013
# elif _MSC_VER >= RT_MSC_VER_VS2012 /* Visual C++ v11.0 */
#  define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN RT_MSC_VER_VS2012
# elif _MSC_VER >= RT_MSC_VER_VS2010 /* Visual C++ v10.0 */
#  define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN RT_MSC_VER_VS2010
# elif _MSC_VER >= RT_MSC_VER_VS2008 /* Visual C++ v9.0 */
#  define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN RT_MSC_VER_VS2008
# elif _MSC_VER >= RT_MSC_VER_VS2005 /* Visual C++ v8.0 */
#  define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN RT_MSC_VER_VS2005
# endif
#endif
#ifndef RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN
# define RT_INLINE_ASM_USES_INTRIN 0
#endif

#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2012   (1700)              /**< Visual Studio 2012. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC110    RT_MSC_VER_VS2012   /**< Visual C++ 11.0, aka Visual Studio 2012. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2013   (1800)              /**< Visual Studio 2013. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC120    RT_MSC_VER_VS2013   /**< Visual C++ 12.0, aka Visual Studio 2013. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2015   (1900)              /**< Visual Studio 2015. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC140    RT_MSC_VER_VS2015   /**< Visual C++ 14.0, aka Visual Studio 2015. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2017   (1910)              /**< Visual Studio 2017. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC141    RT_MSC_VER_VS2017   /**< Visual C++ 14.1, aka Visual Studio 2017. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VS2019   (1920)              /**< Visual Studio 2017. */
#define RT_MSC_VER_VC142    RT_MSC_VER_VS2019   /**< Visual C++ 14.2, aka Visual Studio 2019. */

/** @def RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_LAMBDA
 * If the defined, the compiler supports lambda expressions.   These expressions
 * are useful for embedding assertions and type checks into macros. */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(__cplusplus)
# if _MSC_VER >= 1600 /* Visual C++ v10.0 / 2010 */
#  define RT_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_LAMBDA
# endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__cplusplus)
/* 4.5 or later, I think, if in ++11 mode... */
#endif

/** @def RT_DATA_IS_FAR
 * Set to 1 if we're in 16-bit mode and use far pointers.
 */
#if ARCH_BITS == 16 && defined(__WATCOMC__) \
  && (defined(__COMPACT__) || defined(__LARGE__))
# define RT_DATA_IS_FAR 1
#else
# define RT_DATA_IS_FAR 0
#endif

/** @def RT_FAR
 * For indicating far pointers in 16-bit code.
 * Does nothing in 32-bit and 64-bit code. */
/** @def RT_NEAR
 * For indicating near pointers in 16-bit code.
 * Does nothing in 32-bit and 64-bit code. */
/** @def RT_FAR_CODE
 * For indicating far 16-bit functions.
 * Does nothing in 32-bit and 64-bit code. */
/** @def RT_NEAR_CODE
 * For indicating near 16-bit functions.
 * Does nothing in 32-bit and 64-bit code. */
/** @def RT_FAR_DATA
 * For indicating far 16-bit external data, i.e. in a segment other than DATA16.
 * Does nothing in 32-bit and 64-bit code. */
#if ARCH_BITS == 16
# define RT_FAR            __far
# define RT_NEAR           __near
# define RT_FAR_CODE       __far
# define RT_NEAR_CODE      __near
# define RT_FAR_DATA       __far
#else
# define RT_FAR
# define RT_NEAR
# define RT_FAR_CODE
# define RT_NEAR_CODE
# define RT_FAR_DATA
#endif


/** @} */


/** @defgroup grp_rt_cdefs_cpp  Special Macros for C++
 * @ingroup grp_rt_cdefs
 * @{
 */

#ifdef __cplusplus

/** @def DECLEXPORT_CLASS
 * How to declare an exported class. Place this macro after the 'class'
 * keyword in the declaration of every class you want to export.
 *
 * @note It is necessary to use this macro even for inner classes declared
 * inside the already exported classes. This is a GCC specific requirement,
 * but it seems not to harm other compilers.
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(RT_OS_OS2)
# define DECLEXPORT_CLASS       __declspec(dllexport)
#elif defined(RT_USE_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT)
# define DECLEXPORT_CLASS       __attribute__((visibility("default")))
#else
# define DECLEXPORT_CLASS
#endif

/** @def DECLIMPORT_CLASS
 * How to declare an imported class Place this macro after the 'class'
 * keyword in the declaration of every class you want to export.
 *
 * @note It is necessary to use this macro even for inner classes declared
 * inside the already exported classes. This is a GCC specific requirement,
 * but it seems not to harm other compilers.
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || (defined(RT_OS_OS2) && !defined(__IBMC__) && !defined(__IBMCPP__))
# define DECLIMPORT_CLASS       __declspec(dllimport)
#elif defined(RT_USE_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT)
# define DECLIMPORT_CLASS       __attribute__((visibility("default")))
#else
# define DECLIMPORT_CLASS
#endif

/** @def WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP
 * Macro to work around error C2593 of the not-so-smart MSVC 7.x ambiguity
 * resolver. The following snippet clearly demonstrates the code causing this
 * error:
 * @code
 *      class A
 *      {
 *      public:
 *          operator bool() const { return false; }
 *          operator int*() const { return NULL; }
 *      };
 *      int main()
 *      {
 *          A a;
 *          if (!a);
 *          if (a && 0);
 *          return 0;
 *      }
 * @endcode
 * The code itself seems pretty valid to me and GCC thinks the same.
 *
 * This macro fixes the compiler error by explicitly overloading implicit
 * global operators !, && and || that take the given class instance as one of
 * their arguments.
 *
 * The best is to use this macro right after the class declaration.
 *
 * @note The macro expands to nothing for compilers other than MSVC.
 *
 * @param Cls Class to apply the workaround to
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
# define WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP(Cls) \
    inline bool operator! (const Cls &that) { return !bool (that); } \
    inline bool operator&& (const Cls &that, bool b) { return bool (that) && b; } \
    inline bool operator|| (const Cls &that, bool b) { return bool (that) || b; } \
    inline bool operator&& (bool b, const Cls &that) { return b && bool (that); } \
    inline bool operator|| (bool b, const Cls &that) { return b || bool (that); }
#else
# define WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP(Cls)
#endif

/** @def WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP_TPL
 * Version of WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP for template classes.
 *
 * @param Tpl       Name of the template class to apply the workaround to
 * @param ArgsDecl  arguments of the template, as declared in |<>| after the
 *                  |template| keyword, including |<>|
 * @param Args      arguments of the template, as specified in |<>| after the
 *                  template class name when using the, including |<>|
 *
 * Example:
 * @code
 *      // template class declaration
 *      template <class C>
 *      class Foo { ... };
 *      // applied workaround
 *      WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP_TPL (Foo, <class C>, <C>)
 * @endcode
 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
# define WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP_TPL(Tpl, ArgsDecl, Args) \
    template ArgsDecl \
    inline bool operator! (const Tpl Args &that) { return !bool (that); } \
    template ArgsDecl \
    inline bool operator&& (const Tpl Args  &that, bool b) { return bool (that) && b; } \
    template ArgsDecl \
    inline bool operator|| (const Tpl Args  &that, bool b) { return bool (that) || b; } \
    template ArgsDecl \
    inline bool operator&& (bool b, const Tpl Args  &that) { return b && bool (that); } \
    template ArgsDecl \
    inline bool operator|| (bool b, const Tpl Args  &that) { return b || bool (that); }
#else
# define WORKAROUND_MSVC7_ERROR_C2593_FOR_BOOL_OP_TPL(Tpl, ArgsDecl, Args)
#endif


/** @def DECLARE_CLS_COPY_CTOR_ASSIGN_NOOP
 * Declares the copy constructor and the assignment operation as inlined no-ops
 * (non-existent functions) for the given class. Use this macro inside the
 * private section if you want to effectively disable these operations for your
 * class.
 *
 * @param      Cls     class name to declare for
 */
#define DECLARE_CLS_COPY_CTOR_ASSIGN_NOOP(Cls) \
    inline Cls(const Cls &); \
    inline Cls &operator= (const Cls &)


/** @def DECLARE_CLS_NEW_DELETE_NOOP
 * Declares the new and delete operations as no-ops (non-existent functions)
 * for the given class. Use this macro inside the private section if you want
 * to effectively limit creating class instances on the stack only.
 *
 * @note The destructor of the given class must not be virtual, otherwise a
 * compile time error will occur. Note that this is not a drawback: having
 * the virtual destructor for a stack-based class is absolutely useless
 * (the real class of the stack-based instance is always known to the compiler
 * at compile time, so it will always call the correct destructor).
 *
 * @param      Cls     class name to declare for
 */
#define DECLARE_CLS_NEW_DELETE_NOOP(Cls) \
    inline static void *operator new (size_t); \
    inline static void operator delete (void *)

#endif /* __cplusplus */

/** @} */

#endif /* !IPRT_INCLUDED_cdefs_h */