1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 | <!--
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3 | manpage, user manual, usage: VBoxManage storageattach
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4 | -->
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5 | <!--
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6 | Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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7 |
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8 | This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as
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9 | available from https://www.virtualbox.org.
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10 |
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11 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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12 | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
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13 | as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the
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14 | License.
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15 |
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16 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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17 | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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18 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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19 | General Public License for more details.
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20 |
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21 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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22 | along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
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23 |
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24 | SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
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25 | -->
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26 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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27 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd"[
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28 | <!ENTITY % all.entities SYSTEM "all-entities.ent">
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29 | %all.entities;
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30 | ]>
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31 | <refentry id="vboxmanage-storageattach" lang="en">
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32 | <refentryinfo>
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33 | <pubdate>August 2019</pubdate>
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34 | <title>VBoxManage storageattach</title>
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35 | </refentryinfo>
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36 |
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37 | <refmeta>
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38 | <refentrytitle>VBoxManage-storageattach</refentrytitle>
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39 | <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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40 | </refmeta>
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41 |
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42 | <refnamediv>
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43 | <refname>VBoxManage-storageattach</refname>
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44 | <refpurpose>attach, remove, and modify storage media used by a virtual machine</refpurpose>
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45 | <refclass>&product-name;</refclass>
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46 | </refnamediv>
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47 |
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48 | <refsynopsisdiv>
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49 | <cmdsynopsis id="synopsis-vboxmanage-storageattach">
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50 | <!-- The 'id' is mandatory and must start with 'synopsis-'. -->
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51 | <command>VBoxManage storageattach</command>
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52 | <group choice="req">
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53 | <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>uuid</replaceable></arg>
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54 | <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>vmname</replaceable></arg>
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55 | </group>
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56 | <arg choice="req">--storagectl=<replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
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57 | <arg>--bandwidthgroup=<group choice="plain">
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58 | <arg choice="plain">name</arg>
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59 | <arg choice="plain">none</arg>
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60 | </group></arg>
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61 | <arg>--comment=<replaceable>text</replaceable></arg>
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62 | <arg>--device=<replaceable>number</replaceable></arg>
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63 | <arg>--discard=<group choice="plain">
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64 | <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
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65 | <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
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66 | </group></arg>
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67 | <arg>--encodedlun=<replaceable>lun</replaceable></arg>
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68 | <arg>--forceunmount</arg>
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69 | <arg>--hotpluggable=<group choice="plain">
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70 | <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
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71 | <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
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72 | </group></arg>
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73 | <arg>--initiator=<replaceable>initiator</replaceable></arg>
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74 | <arg>--intnet</arg>
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75 | <arg>--lun=<replaceable>lun</replaceable></arg>
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76 | <arg>--medium=<group choice="plain">
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77 | <arg choice="plain">none</arg>
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78 | <arg choice="plain">emptydrive</arg>
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79 | <arg choice="plain">additions</arg>
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80 | <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>uuid</replaceable></arg>
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81 | <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg>
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82 | <arg choice="plain">host:<replaceable>drive</replaceable></arg>
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83 | <arg choice="plain">iscsi</arg>
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84 | </group></arg>
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85 | <arg>--mtype=<group choice="plain">
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86 | <arg choice="plain">normal</arg>
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87 | <arg choice="plain">writethrough</arg>
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88 | <arg choice="plain">immutable</arg>
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89 | <arg choice="plain">shareable</arg>
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90 | <arg choice="plain">readonly</arg>
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91 | <arg choice="plain">multiattach</arg>
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92 | </group></arg>
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93 | <arg>--nonrotational=<group choice="plain">
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94 | <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
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95 | <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
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96 | </group></arg>
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97 | <arg>--passthrough=<group choice="plain">
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98 | <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
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99 | <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
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100 | </group></arg>
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101 | <arg>--passwordfile=<replaceable>file</replaceable></arg>
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102 | <arg>--password=<replaceable>password</replaceable></arg>
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103 | <arg>--port=<replaceable>number</replaceable></arg>
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104 | <arg>--server=<group choice="plain">
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105 | <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
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106 | <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>ip</replaceable></arg>
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107 | </group></arg>
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108 | <arg>--setparentuuid=<replaceable>uuid</replaceable></arg>
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109 | <arg>--setuuid=<replaceable>uuid</replaceable></arg>
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110 | <arg>--target=<replaceable>target</replaceable></arg>
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111 | <arg>--tempeject=<group choice="plain">
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112 | <arg choice="plain">on</arg>
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113 | <arg choice="plain">off</arg>
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114 | </group></arg>
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115 | <arg>--tport=<replaceable>port</replaceable></arg>
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116 | <arg>--type=<group choice="plain">
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117 | <arg choice="plain">dvddrive</arg>
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118 | <arg choice="plain">fdd</arg>
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119 | <arg choice="plain">hdd</arg>
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120 | </group></arg>
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121 | <arg>--username=<replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
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122 | </cmdsynopsis>
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123 | </refsynopsisdiv>
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124 |
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125 | <refsect1>
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126 | <title>Description</title>
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127 | <para>
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128 | The <command>VBoxManage storageattach</command> command enables
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129 | you to manage a storage medium that you connected to a storage
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130 | controller by using the <command>VBoxManage storagectl</command>
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131 | command.
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132 | </para>
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133 | <variablelist>
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134 | <varlistentry>
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135 | <term><option><replaceable>uuid</replaceable> | <replaceable>vmname</replaceable></option></term>
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136 | <listitem><para>
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137 | Specifies the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) or the
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138 | name of the virtual machine (VM).
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139 | </para></listitem>
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140 | </varlistentry>
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141 | <varlistentry>
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142 | <term><option>--storagectl=<replaceable>name</replaceable></option></term>
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143 | <listitem><para>
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144 | Specifies the name of the storage controller. Use the
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145 | <command>VBoxManage showvminfo</command> command to list the
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146 | storage controllers that are attached to the VM.
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147 | </para></listitem>
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148 | </varlistentry>
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149 | <varlistentry>
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150 | <term><option>--port=<replaceable>number</replaceable></option></term>
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151 | <listitem><para>
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152 | Specifies the port number of the storage controller to
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153 | modify. You must specify this option unless the storage
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154 | controller has only a single port.
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155 | </para></listitem>
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156 | </varlistentry>
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157 | <varlistentry>
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158 | <term><option>--device=<replaceable>number</replaceable></option></term>
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159 | <listitem><para>
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160 | Specifies the port's device number to modify. You must
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161 | specify this option unless the storage controller has only
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162 | one device per port.
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163 | </para></listitem>
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164 | </varlistentry>
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165 | <varlistentry>
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166 | <term><option>--type=dvddrive | fdd | hdd</option></term>
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167 | <listitem><para>
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168 | Specifies the drive type to which the medium is associated.
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169 | Only omit this option if the medium type can be determined
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170 | by using the <option>--medium</option> option or by
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171 | information provided by an earlier medium attachment
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172 | command.
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173 | </para></listitem>
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174 | </varlistentry>
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175 | <varlistentry>
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176 | <term><option>--medium=none | emptydrive | additions | <replaceable>uuid</replaceable> | <replaceable>filename</replaceable> | host:<replaceable>drive</replaceable> | iscsi</option></term>
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177 | <listitem><para>
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178 | Specifies one of the following values:
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179 | </para><variablelist>
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180 | <varlistentry>
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181 | <term><literal>none</literal></term>
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182 | <listitem><para>
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183 | Removes any existing device from the specified slot.
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184 | </para></listitem>
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185 | </varlistentry>
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186 | <varlistentry>
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187 | <term><literal>emptydrive</literal></term>
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188 | <listitem><para>
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189 | For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only.
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190 | </para><para>
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191 | Makes the device slot behave like a removeable drive
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192 | into which no media has been inserted.
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193 | </para></listitem>
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194 | </varlistentry>
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195 | <varlistentry>
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196 | <term><literal>additions</literal></term>
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197 | <listitem><para>
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198 | For a virtual DVD drive only.
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199 | </para><para>
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200 | Attaches the VirtualBox Guest Additions image to the
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201 | specified device slot.
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202 | </para></listitem>
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203 | </varlistentry>
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204 | <varlistentry>
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205 | <term><replaceable>uuid</replaceable></term>
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206 | <listitem><para>
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207 | Specifies the UUID of a storage medium to attach to
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208 | the specified device slot. The storage medium must
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209 | already be known to &product-name;, such as a storage
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210 | medium that is attached to another VM. Use the
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211 | <command>VBoxManage list</command> command to list
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212 | media.
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213 | </para></listitem>
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214 | </varlistentry>
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215 | <varlistentry>
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216 | <term><replaceable>filename</replaceable></term>
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217 | <listitem><para>
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218 | Specifies the full path of an existing disk image to
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219 | attach to the specified device slot. The disk image
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220 | can be in ISO, RAW, VDI, VMDK, or other format.
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221 | </para></listitem>
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222 | </varlistentry>
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223 | <varlistentry>
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224 | <term><literal>host:<replaceable>drive</replaceable></literal></term>
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225 | <listitem><para>
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226 | For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only.
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227 | </para><para>
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228 | Connects the specified device slot to the specified
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229 | DVD or floppy drive on the host computer.
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230 | </para></listitem>
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231 | </varlistentry>
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232 | <varlistentry>
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233 | <term><literal>iscsi</literal></term>
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234 | <listitem><para>
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235 | For virtual hard disks only.
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236 | </para><para>
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237 | Specifies an iSCSI target for which you must specify
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238 | additional information. See
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239 | <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
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240 | </para></listitem>
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241 | </varlistentry>
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242 | </variablelist><para>
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243 | For removeable media such as floppies and DVDs, you can make
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244 | configuration changes while a VM is running. Changes to
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245 | devices or hard disk device slots require that the VM be
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246 | powered off.
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247 | </para></listitem>
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248 | </varlistentry>
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249 | <varlistentry>
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250 | <term><option>--mtype=normal | writethrough | immutable | shareable | readonly | multiattach</option></term>
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251 | <listitem><para>
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252 | Specifies how this medium behaves with respect to snapshots
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253 | and write operations. See <xref linkend="hdimagewrites" />.
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254 | </para></listitem>
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255 | </varlistentry>
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256 | <varlistentry>
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257 | <term><option>--comment=<replaceable>text</replaceable></option></term>
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258 | <listitem><para>
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259 | Specifies an optional description to store with the medium.
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260 | </para></listitem>
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261 | </varlistentry>
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262 | <varlistentry>
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263 | <term><option>--setuuid=<replaceable>uuid</replaceable></option></term>
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264 | <listitem><para>
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265 | Modifies the UUID of a medium before attaching it to a VM.
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266 | </para><para>
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267 | This is an expert option. Inappropriate values might make
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268 | the medium unusable or lead to broken VM configurations if
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269 | another VM already refers to the same medium.
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270 | </para><para>
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271 | Using the <option>--setuuid=""</option> option
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272 | assigns a new random UUID to an image, which can resolve
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273 | duplicate UUID errors if you used a file copy utility to
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274 | duplicate an image.
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275 | </para></listitem>
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276 | </varlistentry>
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277 | <varlistentry>
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278 | <term><option>--setparentuuid=<replaceable>uuid</replaceable></option></term>
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279 | <listitem><para>
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280 | Modifies the parent UUID of a medium before attaching it to
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281 | a VM.
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282 | </para><para>
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283 | This is an expert option. Inappropriate values might make
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284 | the medium unusable or lead to broken VM configurations if
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285 | another VM already refers to the same medium.
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286 | </para></listitem>
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287 | </varlistentry>
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288 | <varlistentry>
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289 | <term><option>--passthrough=on | off</option></term>
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290 | <listitem><para>
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291 | For a virtual DVD drive only.
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292 | </para><para>
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293 | Enables writing to a DVD. This feature is experimental, see
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294 | <xref linkend="storage-cds" />.
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295 | </para></listitem>
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296 | </varlistentry>
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297 | <varlistentry>
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298 | <term><option>--tempeject=on | off</option></term>
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299 | <listitem><para>
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300 | For a virtual DVD drive only.
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301 | </para><para>
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302 | Specifies whether to permit a temporary guest-triggered
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303 | medium eject operation. When set to <literal>on</literal>,
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304 | you can eject a medium. The ability for a guest-triggered
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305 | eject operation does not persist if the VM is powered off
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306 | and restarted. So, when you set this option to
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307 | <literal>on</literal> and the VM is restarted, the
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308 | originally configured medium is still in the drive.
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309 | </para></listitem>
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310 | </varlistentry>
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311 | <varlistentry>
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312 | <term><option>--nonrotational=on | off</option></term>
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313 | <listitem><para>
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314 | Enables you to specify that the virtual hard disk is
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315 | non-rotational. Some guest OSes, such as Windows 7 or later,
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316 | treat such disks as solid state drives (SSDs) and do not
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317 | perform disk fragmentation on them.
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318 | </para></listitem>
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319 | </varlistentry>
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320 | <varlistentry>
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321 | <term><option>--discard=on | off</option></term>
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322 | <listitem><para>
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323 | Specifies whether to enable the auto-discard feature for a
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324 | virtual hard disk. When set to <literal>on</literal>, a VDI
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325 | image is shrunk in response to a <command>trim</command>
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326 | command from the guest OS.
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327 | </para><para>
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328 | The virtual hard disk must meet the following requirements:
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329 | </para><itemizedlist>
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330 | <listitem><para>
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331 | The disk format must be VDI.
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332 | </para></listitem>
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333 | <listitem><para>
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334 | The size of the cleared area of the disk must be at
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335 | least 1 MB.
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336 | </para></listitem>
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337 | <listitem><para>
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338 | Ensure that the space being trimmed is at least a 1 MB
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339 | contiguous block at a 1 MB boundary.
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340 | </para></listitem>
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341 | </itemizedlist><para>
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342 | Consider running defragmentation commands as background cron
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343 | jobs to save space. On Windows, run the <command>defrag.exe
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344 | /D</command> command. On Linux, run the <command>btrfs
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345 | filesystem defrag</command> command.
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346 | </para><note>
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347 | <para>
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348 | When you configure the guest OS to issue the
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349 | <command>trim</command> command, the guest OS typically
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350 | sees the disk as an SSD.
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351 | </para>
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352 | <para>
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353 | Ext4 supports the <option>-o discard</option> mount
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354 | option. Mac OS X might require additional settings.
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355 | Windows 7, 8, and 10 automatically detect and support
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356 | SSDs. The Linux <command>exFAT</command> driver from
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357 | Samsung supports the <command>trim</command> command.
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358 | </para>
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359 | </note><para>
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360 | The Microsoft implementation of exFAT might not support this
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361 | feature.
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362 | </para><para>
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363 | You can use other methods to issue trim commands. The Linux
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364 | <command>fstrim</command> command is part of the
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365 | <filename>util-linux</filename> package. Earlier solutions
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366 | required you to zero out unused areas by using the
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367 | <command>zerofree</command> or a similar command, and then
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368 | to compact the disk. You can only perform these steps when
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369 | the VM is offline.
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370 | </para></listitem>
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371 | </varlistentry>
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372 | <varlistentry>
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373 | <term><option>--bandwidthgroup=<replaceable>name</replaceable></option></term>
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374 | <listitem><para>
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375 | Specifies the bandwidth group to use for the device. See
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376 | <xref linkend="storage-bandwidth-limit" />.
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377 | </para></listitem>
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378 | </varlistentry>
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379 | <varlistentry>
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380 | <term><option>--forceunmount</option></term>
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381 | <listitem><para>
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382 | For a virtual DVD or floppy drive only.
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383 | </para><para>
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384 | Forcibly unmounts the DVD, CD, or floppy or mounts a new
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385 | DVD, CD, or floppy even if the previous removable storage is
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386 | locked by the guest for reading. See
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387 | <xref linkend="storage-cds" />.
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388 | </para></listitem>
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389 | </varlistentry>
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390 | </variablelist>
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391 | <para>
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392 | The following options are applicable when you specify the
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393 | <option>--medium=iscsi</option> option:
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394 | </para>
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395 | <variablelist>
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396 | <varlistentry>
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397 | <term><option>--server=<replaceable>hostname</replaceable> | <replaceable>IP-address</replaceable></option></term>
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398 | <listitem><para>
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399 | Specifies the host name or IP address of the iSCSI target.
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400 | </para></listitem>
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401 | </varlistentry>
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402 | <varlistentry>
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403 | <term><option>--target=<replaceable>target</replaceable></option></term>
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404 | <listitem><para>
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405 | Specifies the target name string, which is determined by the
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406 | iSCSI target and is used to identify the storage resource.
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407 | </para></listitem>
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408 | </varlistentry>
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409 | <varlistentry>
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410 | <term><option>--tport=<replaceable>port</replaceable></option></term>
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411 | <listitem><para>
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412 | Specifies the TCP/IP port number of the iSCSI service on the
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413 | target.
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414 | </para></listitem>
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415 | </varlistentry>
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416 | <varlistentry>
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417 | <term><option>--lun=<replaceable>LUN</replaceable></option></term>
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418 | <listitem><para>
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---|
419 | Specifies the logical unit number (LUN) of the target
|
---|
420 | resource. For a single disk drive, the value is zero.
|
---|
421 | </para></listitem>
|
---|
422 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
423 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
424 | <term><option>--encodedlun=<replaceable>LUN</replaceable></option></term>
|
---|
425 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
426 | Specifies the hexadecimal-encoded of the target resource.
|
---|
427 | For a single disk drive, the value is zero.
|
---|
428 | </para></listitem>
|
---|
429 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
430 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
431 | <term><option>--username=<replaceable>username</replaceable></option></term>
|
---|
432 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
433 | Specifies the user name to use for target authentication.
|
---|
434 | </para><note>
|
---|
435 | <para>
|
---|
436 | Unless you provide a settings password, the user name is
|
---|
437 | stored as clear text in the XML machine configuration
|
---|
438 | file.
|
---|
439 | </para>
|
---|
440 | </note></listitem>
|
---|
441 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
442 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
443 | <term><option>--password=<replaceable>password</replaceable></option></term>
|
---|
444 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
445 | Specifies the password used for target authentication.
|
---|
446 | </para><note>
|
---|
447 | <para>
|
---|
448 | Unless you provide a settings password, this password is
|
---|
449 | stored as clear text in the XML machine configuration
|
---|
450 | file. When you specify a settings password for the first
|
---|
451 | time, the target authentication password is stored in
|
---|
452 | encrypted form.
|
---|
453 | </para>
|
---|
454 | </note><remark>
|
---|
455 | This design does not conform to Oracle's security
|
---|
456 | guidelines. You should not be able to specify a password on
|
---|
457 | the command line because the password can be seen in a
|
---|
458 | process listing.
|
---|
459 | </remark></listitem>
|
---|
460 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
461 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
462 | <term><option>--passwordfile=<replaceable>password-filename</replaceable></option></term>
|
---|
463 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
464 | Specifies a file that contains the target authentication
|
---|
465 | password as clear text.
|
---|
466 | </para><note>
|
---|
467 | <para>
|
---|
468 | Use permission and ownership settings to ensure that the
|
---|
469 | contents of this file cannot be read by unauthorized
|
---|
470 | users.
|
---|
471 | </para>
|
---|
472 | </note></listitem>
|
---|
473 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
474 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
475 | <term><option>--initiator=<replaceable>initiator</replaceable></option></term>
|
---|
476 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
477 | Specifies the iSCSI initiator.
|
---|
478 | </para><para>
|
---|
479 | The Microsoft iSCSI Initiator is a system, such as a server,
|
---|
480 | that attaches to an IP network and initiates requests and
|
---|
481 | receives responses from an iSCSI target. The SAN components
|
---|
482 | in the iSCSI initiator are largely analogous to Fibre
|
---|
483 | Channel SAN components, and they include the following:
|
---|
484 | </para><itemizedlist>
|
---|
485 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
486 | <emphasis role="bold">iSCSI driver.</emphasis>
|
---|
487 | Transports blocks of iSCSI commands over the IP network.
|
---|
488 | This iSCSI driver is installed on the iSCSI host and is
|
---|
489 | included with the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator.
|
---|
490 | </para></listitem>
|
---|
491 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
492 | <emphasis role="bold">Gigabit Ethernet
|
---|
493 | adapter.</emphasis> Connects to an iSCSI target. Use an
|
---|
494 | Ethernet adapter that can transmit 1000 megabits per
|
---|
495 | second (Mbps). Like standard 10/100 adapters, most
|
---|
496 | gigabit adapters use a preexisting Category 5 or
|
---|
497 | Category 6E cable. Each port on the adapter is
|
---|
498 | identified by a unique IP address.
|
---|
499 | </para></listitem>
|
---|
500 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
501 | <emphasis role="bold">iSCSI target.</emphasis> Is any
|
---|
502 | device that receives iSCSI commands. The device can be
|
---|
503 | an end node such as a storage device, or it can be an
|
---|
504 | intermediate device such as a network bridge between IP
|
---|
505 | and Fibre Channel devices. Each port on the storage
|
---|
506 | array controller or network bridge is identified by one
|
---|
507 | or more IP addresses.
|
---|
508 | </para></listitem>
|
---|
509 | </itemizedlist></listitem>
|
---|
510 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
511 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
512 | <term><option>--intnet</option></term>
|
---|
513 | <listitem><para>
|
---|
514 | Specifies whether to connect to the iSCSI target that uses
|
---|
515 | internal networking. This configuration requires further
|
---|
516 | configuration. See <xref linkend="iscsi-intnet" />.
|
---|
517 | </para></listitem>
|
---|
518 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
519 | </variablelist>
|
---|
520 | </refsect1>
|
---|
521 |
|
---|
522 | <refsect1>
|
---|
523 | <title>Examples</title>
|
---|
524 | <remark role="help-scope" condition="GLOBAL" />
|
---|
525 | <para>
|
---|
526 | The following command attaches the <filename>o7.vdi</filename>
|
---|
527 | disk image to the specified SATA storage controller on the
|
---|
528 | <filename>ol7</filename> VM.
|
---|
529 | </para>
|
---|
530 | <screen>$ storageattach ol7 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 0 --device 0 \
|
---|
531 | --type hdd --medium /VirtualBox/ol7/ol7.vdi</screen>
|
---|
532 | <para>
|
---|
533 | The following command attaches the
|
---|
534 | <filename>o7-r6-dvd.iso</filename> DVD image to the specified IDE
|
---|
535 | storage controller on the <filename>ol7</filename> VM.
|
---|
536 | </para>
|
---|
537 | <screen>$ VBoxManage storageattach ol7 --storagectl "IDE Controller" --port 0 --device 0 \
|
---|
538 | --type dvddrive --medium ol7-r6-dvd.iso</screen>
|
---|
539 | </refsect1>
|
---|
540 |
|
---|
541 | <refsect1>
|
---|
542 | <title>See Also</title>
|
---|
543 | <para>
|
---|
544 | <xref linkend="vboxmanage-list" />,
|
---|
545 | <xref linkend="vboxmanage-showvminfo" />,
|
---|
546 | <xref linkend="vboxmanage-storagectl" />
|
---|
547 | </para>
|
---|
548 | </refsect1>
|
---|
549 | </refentry>
|
---|