1 | .SH NAME
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2 | sed \- a Stream EDitor
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3 | .SH SYNOPSIS
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4 | .nf
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5 | sed [-V] [--version] [--help] [-n] [--quiet] [--silent]
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6 | [-l N] [--line-length=N] [-u] [--unbuffered]
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7 | [-r] [--regexp-extended]
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8 | [-e script] [--expression=script]
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9 | [-f script-file] [--file=script-file]
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10 | [script-if-no-other-script]
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11 | [file...]
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12 | .fi
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13 | [DESCRIPTION]
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14 | .ds sd \fIsed\fP
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15 | .ds Sd \fISed\fP
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16 | \*(Sd is a stream editor.
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17 | A stream editor is used to perform basic text
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18 | transformations on an input stream
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19 | (a file or input from a pipeline).
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20 | While in some ways similar to an editor which
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21 | permits scripted edits (such as \fIed\fP),
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22 | \*(sd works by making only one pass over the
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23 | input(s), and is consequently more efficient.
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24 | But it is \*(sd's ability to filter text in a pipeline
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25 | which particularly distinguishes it from other types of
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26 | editors.
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27 |
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28 | [COMMAND SYNOPSIS]
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29 | This is just a brief synopsis of \*(sd commands to serve as
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30 | a reminder to those who already know \*(sd;
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31 | other documentation (such as the texinfo document)
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32 | must be consulted for fuller descriptions.
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33 | .SS
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34 | Zero-address ``commands''
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35 | .TP
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36 | .RI :\ label
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37 | Label for
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38 | .B b
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39 | and
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40 | .B t
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41 | commands.
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42 | .TP
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43 | .RI # comment
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44 | The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a
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45 | .B -e
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46 | script fragment).
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47 | .TP
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48 | }
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49 | The closing bracket of a { } block.
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50 | .SS
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51 | Zero- or One- address commands
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52 | .TP
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53 | =
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54 | Print the current line number.
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55 | .TP
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56 | a \e
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57 | .TP
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58 | .I text
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59 | Append
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60 | .IR text ,
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61 | which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.
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62 | .TP
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63 | i \e
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64 | .TP
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65 | .I text
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66 | Insert
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67 | .IR text ,
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68 | which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.
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69 | .TP
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70 | q
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71 | Immediately quit the \*(sd script without processing
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72 | any more input,
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73 | except that if auto-print is not disabled
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74 | the current pattern space will be printed.
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75 | .TP
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76 | Q
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77 | Immediately quit the \*(sd script without processing
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78 | any more input.
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79 | .TP
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80 | .RI r\ filename
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81 | Append text read from
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82 | .IR filename .
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83 | .TP
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84 | .RI R\ filename
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85 | Append a line read from
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86 | .IR filename .
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87 | .SS
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88 | Commands which accept address ranges
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89 | .TP
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90 | {
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91 | Begin a block of commands (end with a }).
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92 | .TP
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93 | .RI b\ label
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94 | Branch to
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95 | .IR label ;
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96 | if
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97 | .I label
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98 | is omitted, branch to end of script.
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99 | .TP
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100 | .RI t\ label
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101 | If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the
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102 | last input line was read and since the last t or T
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103 | command, then branch to
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104 | .IR label ;
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105 | if
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106 | .I label
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107 | is omitted, branch to end of script.
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108 | .TP
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109 | .RI T\ label
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110 | If no s/// has done a successful substitution since the
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111 | last input line was read and since the last t or T
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112 | command, then branch to
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113 | .IR label ;
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114 | if
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115 | .I label
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116 | is omitted, branch to end of script.
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117 | .TP
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118 | c \e
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119 | .TP
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120 | .I text
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121 | Replace the selected lines with
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122 | .IR text ,
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123 | which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.
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124 | .TP
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125 | d
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126 | Delete pattern space.
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127 | Start next cycle.
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128 | .TP
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129 | D
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130 | Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pattern space.
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131 | Start next cycle, but skip reading from the input
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132 | if there is still data in the pattern space.
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133 | .TP
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134 | h H
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135 | Copy/append pattern space to hold space.
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136 | .TP
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137 | g G
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138 | Copy/append hold space to pattern space.
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139 | .TP
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140 | x
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141 | Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.
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142 | .TP
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143 | l
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144 | List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form.
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145 | .TP
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146 | n N
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147 | Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space.
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148 | .TP
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149 | p
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150 | Print the current pattern space.
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151 | .TP
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152 | P
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153 | Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space.
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154 | .TP
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155 | .RI s/ regexp / replacement /
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156 | Attempt to match
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157 | .I regexp
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158 | against the pattern space.
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159 | If successful, replace that portion matched
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160 | with
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161 | .IR replacement .
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162 | The
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163 | .I replacement
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164 | may contain the special character
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165 | .B &
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166 | to refer to that portion of the pattern space which matched,
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167 | and the special escapes \e1 through \e9 to refer to the
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168 | corresponding matching sub-expressions in the
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169 | .IR regexp .
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170 | .TP
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171 | .RI w\ filename
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172 | Write the current pattern space to
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173 | .IR filename .
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174 | .TP
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175 | .RI W\ filename
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176 | Write the first line of the current pattern space to
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177 | .IR filename .
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178 | .TP
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179 | .RI y/ source / dest /
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180 | Transliterate the characters in the pattern space which appear in
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181 | .I source
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182 | to the corresponding character in
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183 | .IR dest .
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184 | .SH
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185 | Addresses
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186 | \*(Sd commands can be given with no addresses, in which
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187 | case the command will be executed for all input lines;
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188 | with one address, in which case the command will only be executed
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189 | for input lines which match that address; or with two
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190 | addresses, in which case the command will be executed
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191 | for all input lines which match the inclusive range of
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192 | lines starting from the first address and continuing to
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193 | the second address.
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194 | Three things to note about address ranges:
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195 | the syntax is
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196 | .IR addr1 , addr2
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197 | (i.e., the addresses are separated by a comma);
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198 | the line which
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199 | .I addr1
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200 | matched will always be accepted,
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201 | even if
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202 | .I addr2
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203 | selects an earlier line;
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204 | and if
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205 | .I addr2
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206 | is a
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207 | .IR regexp ,
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208 | it will not be tested against the line that
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209 | .I addr1
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210 | matched.
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211 | .PP
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212 | After the address (or address-range),
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213 | and before the command, a
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214 | .B !
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215 | may be inserted,
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216 | which specifies that the command shall only be
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217 | executed if the address (or address-range) does
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218 | .B not
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219 | match.
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220 | .PP
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221 | The following address types are supported:
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222 | .TP
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223 | .I number
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224 | Match only the specified line
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225 | .IR number .
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226 | .TP
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227 | .IR first ~ step
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228 | Match every
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229 | .IR step 'th
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230 | line starting with line
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231 | .IR first .
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232 | For example, ``sed -n 1~2p'' will print all the odd-numbered lines in
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233 | the input stream, and the address 2~5 will match every fifth line,
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234 | starting with the second. (This is an extension.)
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235 | .TP
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236 | $
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237 | Match the last line.
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238 | .TP
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239 | .RI / regexp /
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240 | Match lines matching the regular expression
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241 | .IR regexp .
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242 | .TP
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243 | .BI \fR\e\fPc regexp c
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244 | Match lines matching the regular expression
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245 | .IR regexp .
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246 | The
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247 | .B c
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248 | may be any character.
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249 | .PP
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250 | GNU \*(sd also supports some special 2-address forms:
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251 | .TP
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252 | .RI 0, addr2
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253 | Start out in "matched first address" state, until
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254 | .I addr2
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255 | is found.
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256 | This is similar to
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257 | .RI 1, addr2 ,
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258 | except that if
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259 | .I addr2
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260 | matches the very first line of input the
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261 | .RI 0, addr2
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262 | form will be at the end of its range, whereas the
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263 | .RI 1, addr2
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264 | form will still be at the beginning of its range.
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265 | .TP
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266 | .IR addr1 ,+ N
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267 | Will match
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268 | .I addr1
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269 | and the
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270 | .I N
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271 | lines following
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272 | .IR addr1 .
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273 | .TP
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274 | .IR addr1 ,~ N
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275 | Will match
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276 | .I addr1
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277 | and the lines following
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278 | .I addr1
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279 | until the next line whose input line number is a multiple of
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280 | .IR N .
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281 |
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282 | [REGULAR EXPRESSIONS]
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283 | POSIX.2 BREs
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284 | .I should
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285 | be supported, but they aren't completely because of performance
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286 | problems.
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287 | The
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288 | .B \en
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289 | sequence in a regular expression matches the newline character,
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290 | and similarly for
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291 | .BR \ea ,
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292 | .BR \et ,
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293 | and other sequences.
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294 |
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295 | [SEE ALSO]
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296 | .BR awk (1),
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297 | .BR ed (1),
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298 | .BR grep (1),
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299 | .BR tr (1),
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300 | .BR perlre (1),
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301 | sed.info,
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302 | any of various books on \*(sd,
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303 | .na
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304 | the \*(sd FAQ (http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/tutorials/sedfaq.txt),
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305 | http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/.
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306 |
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307 | [BUGS]
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308 | .PP
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309 | E-mail bug reports to
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310 | .BR bonzini@gnu.org .
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311 | Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field.
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312 | Also, please include the output of ``sed --version'' in the body
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313 | of your report if at all possible.
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